Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

Practical Experience of Establishing German Standard Level 1 Perinatal Center in Chongqing Health Care for Women and Children

Germany,as a western developed country,has an advanced medical level,especially in the health care of very immature premature infants.We trace the medical history of perinatology to understand the development of perinatal centers in Germany.After analyzing the classification and function,hierarchical management and quality control systems of German perinatal centers,we established a German standard level 1 perinatal center in the Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children(CHCWC).During more than two years of practice,we changed concepts,continuously updated clinical knowledge and skills,developed a series o f high-quality work processes and supervision systems and introduced advanced medical equipment.We believe that the experience of establishing a German standard level 1 perinatal center and perinatal center network in Chongqing is worthy of being promoted to the Chinese maternal and child health care system.

Impact of the Changes in Women’s Characteristics over Time on Antenatal Health Care Utilization in Egypt (2000-2008)

Objectives: This study empirically assesses the impact of the changes in women’s characteristics, empowerment, availability and quality of health services on woman’s decision to use antenatal care (ANC) and the frequency of that use during the period 2000-2008. Study Design: The study is a cross-sectional analytical study using 2000 and 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys. Methods: The assessment of the studied impact is conducted using the Zero-inflated Negative Binomial Regression. In addition, Factor Analysis technique is used to construct some of the explanatory variables such as women’s empowerment, the availability and quality of health services indicators. Results: Utilization of antenatal health care services is greatly improved from 2000 to 2008. Availability of health services is one of the main determinants that affect the number of antenatal care visits in 2008. Wealth index and quality of health services play an important role in raising the level of antenatal care utilization in 2000 and 2008. However, the impact of the terminated pregnancy on receiving ANC increased over time. Conclusions: Further research of the determinants of antenatal health care utilization is needed, using more updated measures of women’s empowerment, availability and quality of health services. In order to improve the provision of antenatal health care services, it is important to understand barriers to antenatal health care utilization. Therefore, it is advisable to collect information from women about the reasons for not receiving antenatal care.

Health Care Policy and Reform—Case Study on Liberia Tuberculosis among Childbearing Age Women

Objective: Liberia health care needs to focus on addressing this disease called Tuberculosis among childbearing age women in Liberia and the world;focusing on women’s health governance of Liberia should involve these three sets of actors to control a disease outbreak. The first set of state actors, including politicians, policymakers, and other government officials, need to provide health care education in every part. The public sector health bureaucracy comprising the health ministry, health, social insurance agencies, public pharmaceutical procurement and distribution entities, etc., is central. Still, non-health public sector actors also play a role. Methods: The researcher used the questionnaire method as the main instrument for the study. Results: This survey indicates that 48% of those responding to health education can reduce TB among childbearing age women showed that education could minimize the spread of TB. 25% can improve economic status. 27% said it could reduce the illiteracy rate. The instruments used were positively related to the topic to obtain the needed findings. This set comprises public, private, should not be-for-profit individuals and groups that deliver health services and organizations that support service provision: medical training institutions, health insurance agencies, the pharmaceutical industry. Health service delivery can be presenting from the health system perspective, with inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes. WHO’re Systems Thinking for Health Systems Strengthening explaining that service delivery includes “effective, safe and quality personal and non-personal health interventions that are providing to those in need, when and where needed (including infrastructure), with minimal waste of resources”. Conclusion: Inputs for a sound health system, the need for health care delivery include financial resources, competent health care staff, adequate physical facilities and equipment, essential medicines and supplies, current clinical guidelines, and operational policies.

Women’s Perception Concerning Health Care in the Post-Partum Period: A Meta-Synthesis

This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.

Limitations and possibilities on health assessment to women in violence situation

The aim was to know how health assessment to women in violence situation is developed. Literature review on LILACS and MEDLINE databases was conducted in April 2013 with the descriptors: “domestic violence” and “women’s health”, on a 1994-2012 timeframe. Statistics characterization and content theme analysis of the scientific production were developed. Results showed that the assessment is permeated by institutional limitation and an approach strictly clinical that makes identification and diagnosis of violence difficult, reinforcing invisibility in health care. Professional assessment is influenced by socio-cultural and the naturalization of the phenomena, which is not considered a public health issue. Technical knowledge is insufficient, making the possibility of promoting violence cycle rupture difficult. However, we envisage reception as a possibility to assess female demands. We conclude the need to include the theme in health undergraduate courses and also the urgency of this learning experience to support a multidisciplinary and intersectoral work web. Thus, rethinking assessment as a way of (re)organizing how health care is structured in order to compose an assessment web to women and guarantee reception of their demands is needed. Else, constructing competence allied to coping public policy to the problem and guaranteeing a human and full assistance will stay only on the academic field, constituting itself as a limit on protecting life of these women and their families.

Status of Equities in Prenatal Care Utilization and Changing Patterns among Women in China

Objective To assess the extent and relative changes of the equities in prenatal care utilization among women with different educational attainment in some areas of China. Methods Data were collected in 13 counties/cities covered by Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System established by Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University. The study population consisted of 103 704 women who delivered single live births in 1994 and 2000. Chi-square and multiple Logistic regression were employed to compare the administrative rates and relative risks. Concentration index was used to assess the relative changes of equities in prenatal care utilization. SPSS 11.5 and Microsoft Excel 2003 were used for analysis. Results The total systematic management rate was 22.1% in 1994 and 57.4% in 2000. The concentration index was -0.046 in 1994 and 0.066 in 2000. In northern areas, the concentration index increased from 0.015 in 1994 to 0.295 in 2000, while it increased from -0.015 in 1994 to 0.062 in 2000 in southern areas. In rural areas, the concentration index increased from O. 002 in 1994 to 0.026 in 2000, while it decreased from 0.042 in 1994 to 0.019 in 2000 in urban areas. Conclusion Inequities in prenatal care utilization in 2000 become more obvious than in 1994, especially in northern areas. More attention should be paid to solve the inequities.

Women’s Experiences with Gender Violence and the Mental Health Impact: Qualitative Findings

The purpose of this study was to describe women’s experiences with gender violence and the impact on mental health. The research was a qualitative observational study. Participants were n = 72 women clients of (02) Primary Health Centers at the University of Carabobo-Venezuela. The technique to gather the information was focus group discussion (FGD). The interpretation of data was an analytical process based on Mayring’s approach. The principal findings showed that, women clients of primary health centers experienced different levels of violence in everyday life. Physical violence was the most frequent abuse reported by victims. Death threats were the most frequent conduct used by the partners in terms of psychological violence. Women expressed being under the control of a dominant partner without physical aggression or threats, but they felt a lack of autonomy. Additionally, women who experienced different levels of abuse specified some symptoms that could suggest an impact on mental health. In conclusion, women naturalized dominance and control because they understood this kind of abuse as normal behavior between relationship partners.

Analysis of Antenatal Care and its Related Factors among Married Chinese Women

Objective To explore the related factors of antenatal careMethods The data derived from National Demography and Reproductive Health Survey in1997 conducted by National Population and Family Planning Commission. 11 892 women whohad given birth to at least one survival child were involved in this study. SAS software was usedin multivariate analysis.Results The average rate of general antenatal care is 57.3% and has increased dramatically inthe recent 30 years. The major reason why most subjects didn’t have antenatal care was lackingthe recognition of the importance of antenatal care. The antenatal care was associated withresidence in rural area or urban area, age, educational level, parity of the last birth, localaverage income, distance between home and township in rural area and so on.Conclusion Women of childbearing age need to improve their health knowledge; thegovernment should increase the availability of antenatal care.

Quality of Intrapartum Care: Direct Observations in Selected Health Facilities in Zambia

Approximately 303,000 women die annually while giving birth, worldwide, and more than 99% of the deaths occur in developing countries. In Zambia, a developing country situated in sub-Saharan Africa, most of the maternal mortalities occur during the intrapartum and immediate postpartum periods, arising from postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labor, and hypertensive disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of intrapartum services provided in health facilities in the country. Methodology: Guided by a descriptive cross sectional design, data were collected from 264 women in labor using a World Health Organization validated observation checklist. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the women, while multistage sampling was used to select four health facilities. The Social Package for Social Sciences, version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: One health facility met the World Health Organization 80% minimum standard in four out of the five categories used to measure quality in intrapartum care, while the other three met the minimum standard in one category each. Conclusion: Low numbers of midwives, inadequate supplies and equipment were major obstacles to following national and international agreed standards for providing optimal care during intrapartum period. Recommendations: There is need for local and national stakeholders in Zambia to urgently address the structural barriers that were observed, as well as invest in sufficient numbers of adequately trained and motivated midwives.

无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响

心理健康是衡量人力资本的重要指标,也是备受国家和政府关注的民生和社会问题。而长期以来,女性作为家庭中家务劳动和儿童照料的主要承担者,参与家庭无酬劳动的时间远高于男性,这可能会影响她们的心理健康水平。基于Grossman健康需求理论,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年调查数据,实证检验了无酬劳动对女性心理健康的影响及传导机制。研究发现,家务劳动时间的增加会对女性心理健康水平产生显著的负向影响,而照顾孩子时间的增加虽然对女性心理健康水平有负向影响,却并不显著。异质性分析表明,家务劳动时间对农村女性、青年女性和受教育程度较高的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响更明显,而照顾孩子时间对老年女性和未受过教育的女性群体心理健康水平的负向影响会更明显。稳健性分析表明,在控制内生性后,家务劳动和照顾孩子时间对女性心理健康水平的负向影响显著增强。传导机制分析表明,无酬劳动主要通过影响女性劳动力市场表现来影响其心理健康。随着无酬劳动时间的增加,女性倾向选择非正规就业,工资收入也随之降低,这对其心理健康水平产生了不利影响。因此,重视无酬劳动的价值、在工作场所引入家庭友好措施和倡导男女共同承担家庭劳动是提升我国女性心理健康水平的重要措施。

中国妇女常见病筛查研究的现状与趋势分析

目的通过CiteSpace 6.1.R6对中国妇女常见病筛查的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析,为今后该领域研究的深入开展提供参考。方法基于中国知网数据库进行文献检索,时间限定为1992年1月1日至2022年12月31日,对年发文量、国家(地区)、机构、作者合作网络、关键词共现、聚类、突现词进行分析。结果共纳入900篇符合标准的文献,发文量呈先上升后下降的趋势。跨机构的合作网络较为成熟。研究热点主要涵盖妇女保健、妇女病患病率、生殖健康和乳腺疾病等。热点演化由最初关注生殖保健,转向为妇科疾病管理,最终又发展为生殖健康以及全方面的妇女保健。结论未来应持续加强对妇女常见病筛查工作的关注,建议将妇女常见病筛查与宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查同步进行,提高筛查覆盖率,促进疾病的早期发现和治疗,全面保障女性健康。

中心群组化孕期保健模式联合循证护理对高龄孕妇剖宫产率、妊娠结局及母乳喂养情况的影响

目的探讨中心群组化孕期保健模式联合循证护理对高龄孕妇剖宫产率、妊娠结局及母乳喂养情况的影响。方法选择2021年12月至2023年8月东莞市人民医院产科收治的90例高龄孕妇作为研究对象,按照随机数字分配法分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组孕妇接受传统孕期保健模式,观察组孕妇给予中心群组化孕期保健模式联合循证护理,孕期保健及护理从孕妇入组开始直至孕妇分娩。自制调查问卷调查两组孕妇的孕期相关知识了解程度,所有孕妇于孕32周前完成第一次问卷调查,包括孕期活动、产前检查、孕期饮食三个维度;所有孕妇于孕35周前完成第二次问卷调查,包括胎儿保健和分娩知识两个维度。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别于孕妇入组时、分娩后2 h评价两组孕妇的负面情绪。比较两组孕妇的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程及总产程时间以及分娩方式、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分和母乳喂养技能量表(LATCHES)评分。结果观察组孕妇的孕期活动、产前检查、孕期饮食、胎儿保健和分娩知识得分分别为(18.86±1.19)分、(18.21±1.03)分、(18.06±0.94)分、(19.11±1.13)分、(18.23±0.98)分,明显高于对照组的(17.51±0.86)分、(17.34±0.91)分、(17.02±0.75)分、(17.89±0.85)分、(17.42±0.81)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组孕妇分娩后2 h的SAS、SDS评分分别为(44.23±5.38)分、(43.19±5.03)分,明显低于对照组的(48.71±6.43)分、(47.34±6.19)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组孕妇的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程和总产程时间分别为(198.75±51.92)min、(38.61±10.02)min、(6.23±1.14)min、(239.06±62.41)min,明显短于对照组的(241.26±62.37)min、(53.46±14.71)min、(7.86±1.82)min、(312.23±78.09)min,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组孕妇的剖宫产率为11.11%,明显低于对照组的31.11%,观察组的产后出血量为(264.48±31.23)mL,明显低于对照组的(311.65±46.74)mL,新生儿Apgar评分和LATCHES量表评分分别为(9.26±0.51)分、(31.27±3.23)分,明显高于对照组的(8.74±0.37)分、(28.03±2.16)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中心群组化孕期保健模式联合循证护理能够有效提高高龄孕妇对孕期相关知识的了解程度和自我管理能力,孕妇孕期的负面情绪得到有效缓解,产程明显缩短,剖宫产率明显降低,孕妇的母乳喂养状况得到显著改善。

产后家庭访视对于流动孕产妇及新生儿保健的临床影响研究

目的探究产后家庭访视对于流动孕产妇及新生儿保健的临床影响。方法将我院保健和计划生育服务中心2021年1月至2022年2月内的80例流动孕产妇以随机数字表法分成对照组与观察组,每组各40例,对照组采取常规干预,观察组展开产后家庭访视,对比两组不良事件发生率、新生儿发育商和体格发育情况以及产妇焦虑、抑郁评分。结果观察组的不良事件发生率、产妇焦虑抑郁评分低于对照组,新生儿发育情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对于流动孕产妇及新生儿实施产后家庭访视,可显著降低不良事件发生率,有助于新生儿发育,改善产妇不良情绪。

重组人干扰素α2B凝胶辅助治疗宫颈环形电切术术后创面修复及阴道微生态的影响

目的:研究重组人干扰素 α2B 凝胶辅助治疗宫颈环形电切术术后创面修复及阴道微生态的影响.方法:以我院 2020 年 6 月至 2022 年 11 月收治的 118 例行宫颈环形电切术治疗的宫颈糜烂患者,随机分为对照组、联合组,各 59 例.对照组采用保妇康栓治疗,联合组采用重组人干扰素α2B凝胶辅助保妇康栓治疗.比较两组治疗36 d后相关指标变化情况;采用型微循环观察仪宫颈微循环指标,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定阴道灌洗液相关免疫炎症因子干扰素-γ(Interferon-γ,INF-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)、Toll样受体2(Toll like receptor 2,TLR2)水平,采用放射免疫法测定分泌型免疫球蛋白(Secretory immunoglobulin,sIgA)水平,且进行比较;并记录术后并发症发生率.结果:与治疗前相比,两组阴道排液时间、阴道流血时间、创面愈合时间、血性白带消失时间均明显降低,其中联合组更为显著(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,两组毛细血管管径、微血管管径、局部血流灌注均明显升高,其中联合组更为显著(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,两组阴道灌洗液INF-γ水平均明显升高,TNF-α、TLR2、sIgA水平均明显降低,其中联合组更为显著(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,两组术后并发症总发生率均明显降低,其中联合组更为显著(P<0.05).结论:重组人干扰素α2B凝胶辅助治疗宫颈糜烂术后患者可有效缓解临床症状,改善阴道微循环,减轻炎症反应,且降低术后并发症.

孕期保健在高危产妇中的应用效果分析

目的:分析孕期保健在高危产妇中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2022年7月滕州市第二人民医院收治的高危产妇90例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各45例。对照组实施常规保健干预,研究组实施孕期保健干预。比较两组干预效果。结果:干预前,两组焦虑、抑郁评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组焦虑、抑郁评分低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组剖宫产、难产、新生儿窒息及胎死宫内发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组情感功能、躯体疼痛、身体健康、生理功能、心理功能、生命力、健康情况、社会功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组情感功能、躯体疼痛、身体健康、生理功能、心理功能、生命力、健康情况、社会功能评分高于干预前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:孕期保健在高危产妇中的应用效果较好,可缓解产妇负性情绪,改善妊娠结局,降低并发症发生率,提高产妇产后生活质量。

围绝经期妇女心理保健和激素补充治疗的临床意义分析

目的探究围绝经期妇女心理保健和激素补充治疗的临床意义。方法选取本院妇产科82例围绝经期妇女为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各41例。对照组采用激素补充治疗,观察组采用激素补充联合心理保健干预,比较两组患者的心理状态、生物指标、生活质量及满意度。结果干预后,两组心理状态评分均有所下降,且观察组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分均低于对照组,观察组各项生物指标改善效果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组生活质量评分各项分值、满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论围绝经期妇女心理保健和激素补充治疗用于围绝经期妇女能有效改善生理和心理指标,促使患者早日康健,脱离疾病纠缠,值得临床借鉴。

助产士护理干预对产妇顺产结局及新生儿健康状态的影响

目的探讨助产士护理干预对产妇顺产结局及新生儿健康状态的影响。方法选取46例产妇作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组23例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予助产士护理干预,比较两组顺产率、新生儿健康状态。结果观察组顺产率及新生儿健康状态评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论产妇采用助产士护理干预能显著提高顺产率,改善新生儿健康状况,值得临床推广与应用。

孕前保健和健康管理在计划妊娠二孩妇女中的应用效果

目的探讨孕前保健和健康管理在计划妊娠二孩妇女中的应用效果。方法选取乌鲁木齐市高新区(新市区)妇幼保健服务中心2021年6月至2023年6月70例计划妊娠二孩的妇女作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为常规组(35例)与研究组(35例)。常规组采用常规健康管理,研究组采用孕前保健和健康管理,比较两组健康管理满意度、心理状态及生活质量。结果研究组健康管理总满意率高于常规组(P<0.05);研究组管理后不安、焦虑、抑郁、烦躁评分低于常规组(P<0.05);研究组管理后生活质量评分高于常规组(P<0.05)。结论孕前保健和健康管理在计划妊娠二孩妇女中的应用效果较好,能够提升健康管理满意度,改善心理状态,提高生活质量。