A New Page for Women's Reproductive Health in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) of obstetrics and gynecology (OBS/GYN) emerged eventually with more than 40 years’ hard struggle, and one of the most promising articles is the integration of the masterpieces of menstrual disorder and infertility in TCM and the virtual explosion of new knowledge and methods in

The Black Protests in Poland: An Example of an Anti-pastoral Revolution

Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

Iodine deficiency and women’s health: Colonialism’s malign effect on health in Oromia region, in Ethiopia

Objectives: Iodine is an essential nutrient needed for the synthesis of hormone thyroxin. Hormone thyroxin is involved in the metabolism of several nutrients, the regulation of enzymes and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs. Iodine deficiency (ID) impairs the development of the brain and nervous system. It affects cognitive capacity, educability, productivity and child mortality. ID hinders physical strength and causes reproductive failure. The objective of this paper is to explore if the health impacts of ID are more common and severe among women. Design: Using primary data (notes from a visit) and secondary data, this paper examines if the effects of ID are more common and severe among Oromo women inEthiopia. Findings: The health impacts of ID are more common and severe among women. Conclusions: ID is an easily preventable nutritional problem. In Oromia, the persistence of ID is explained by the Ethiopian government’s colonial social policies. Preventing ID should be seen as part of the efforts we make to enhance capacity building, promote health, gender equity and social justice. Implications: Iodine deficiency has a wide range of biological, social, economic and cultural impacts. Preventing ID can be instrumental in bringing about gender equity and building the capacity of people.

Knowledge of Female Prisoners in a City of Ceará, Brazil, about Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Exploratory study was conducted in the Crato Public Prison, State of Ceará, Brazil, aiming to understand the knowledge and experiences related to the preventive aspects of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in the prison context. The target population of the study consisted of 14 female inmates, 10 of whom agreed to participate. Data collection occurred in June 2012 through recorded semi-structured individual interviews. We investigated quantitative, socio-demographic and sexual variables. In qualitative data analysis, we applied the Meaning Interpretation Method. The female vulnerability was aggravated by the early onset of sexual activity, lack of knowledge about STDs, non-adoption of preventive measures and history of prostitution. The following categories emerged from the qualitative assessment: Knowledge about STD/AIDS versus Personal Experience;Use of contraception as STD/AIDS prevention within the Public Jail;Habits of inmates: alcohol and tobacco;and Characterization of the conjugal visit area.

大革命时期中国共产党领导妇女运动的理论依据、政策引领与现实启示

妇女解放运动的发展与中国共产党的领导密不可分。文章聚焦于大革命时期中国共产党领导的妇女解放运动,从理论依据、政策引领及现实启示三个逻辑维度展开研究。这一时期,党根据私有制是妇女受压迫的根本原因、现代大工业的发展是妇女解放的前提条件、无产阶级革命道路是妇女解放的必由之路的理论依据,制定出了明确中国共产党对妇女事业的领导策略、坚持工农妇女群体为核心的运动策略、联合各阶层妇女统一作战的组织策略及创办妇女专属刊物与口号的宣传策略。在坚持党的根本领导、加强女性自身教育、推进妇女组织发展、重视宣传工作方面,为新时代中国妇女事业的高质量发展提供一定的现实启示。

Women's Studies Enters New Period

Moving Into a Decision-Making Period Redefining gender relationships in terms of scientific research, and scientifically determining the influence women have on social decision-making forces is a new subject in women’s studies since the 1980s in China. Channels enabling women to participate in decision-making processes have grown significantly. Women’s studies organizations and specialists in the field directly participate in government decision-making processes. The promulgation

Chinese Women's Newspapers and Periodicals Thrive

OF nearly 8,000 newspapers and periodicals in China, women’s newspapers and periodicals, a new force suddenly coming to the fore, have attracted the attention of many. Today, with more and more fierce competition among newspapers and magazines, women’s newspapers and magazines have found favor with readers for their lively, friendly, and practical formats. Currently, 47 newspapers and magazines are sponsored and openly published by the All-China Women’s Federation and women’s federations at various levels. Circulation is among the largest of all cultural comprehensive periodicals all over the country.

北京市项目社区育龄妇女计划生育生殖健康状况的调查

目的调查北京市项目社区妇女计划生育生殖健康现状,为政府加强社区计划生育生殖健康技术服务体系建设及改革机制提供依据。方法采用意向性、分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法,对项目社区妇女进行匿名封闭式自填问卷调查。结果①被调查的项目社区1723例已婚育龄妇女中,2005年的综合避孕率为82.3%,经产妇避孕率为94.1%,未产妇避孕率为70.9%;本市户籍妇女避孕率为81.0%,流动人口避孕率为85.8%。②项目社区本市户籍妇女中47.8%曾出现生殖道感染症状,但就诊率仅为46.9%;71.9%的流动人口出现生殖道感染症状,其就诊率为47.7%。已婚妇女对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率显著高于未婚妇女。③项目社区186例孕妇,93.5%孕妇接受过孕期体检,但仅有76.2%的孕妇考虑过产后避孕;89.3%孕妇希望到社区接受产后服务。311名围绝经期及绝经后妇女中,有77.6%妇女出现过围绝经期症状,就诊率仅为47.8%。结论项目社区已婚育龄妇女综合避孕率与北京和全国水平基本相同,应加强项目社区在避孕、生殖道感染、艾滋病及围绝经期等方面知识的宣传并提供相关服务。

产后和流产后使用长效可逆避孕方法的技术指南

产后及流产后是避孕的关键环节,及时或尽早落实可靠避孕可以有效降低非意愿妊娠,预防人工流产及其并发症的发生,保护育龄女性身心和生殖健康。以产后及流产后避孕指南为依据,重点阐述妇女产后和流产后可优先选择的长效可逆避孕方法(long-acting reversible contraceptive,LARC)包括宫内节育器、皮下埋植剂。为临床医生和咨询人员帮助服务对象知情选择并落实安全、有效、适宜的避孕措施提供指导。

湘西少数民族育龄妇女生殖健康认知调查

目的探讨在湘西少数民族地区开展生殖健康教育工作的新模式。方法2005年8月,采用自行设计的问卷,随机对8 527名少数民族育龄妇女进行了调查。结果少数民族育龄妇女的卫生保健知识水平、就医行为均普遍偏低、个人卫生习惯较差;易接受的生殖健康教育方式前3位分别是"看CD光盘或电视"(95.2%)、"发放宣传手册及相关书籍"(89.7%)、"办墙报或宣传栏"(76.8%);当前最急需了解的生殖健康相关知识是家庭保健常识。结论应加大少数民族地区预防生殖道感染的宣传普及力度,选择合适的健康教育方式和干预措施,增强少数民族育龄妇女生殖健康的自我保健意识和能力,提高生殖健康水平。

安徽贫困地区已婚妇女妇科病现患情况 经期保健现况及相关因素分析

对安徽省某国际合作项目覆盖地区的2566名已婚妇女妇科病现患情况及经期保健现状做了描述，并就年龄、受教育水平、职业、家庭年收入、是否获得过妇女健康知识等因素对经期卫生的影响做了分析。结果显示，被调查地区经济、文化比较落后，已婚妇女妇科病患病率较高，子宫脱垂、尿瘘、阴道炎、宫颈糜烂、月经不调的患病率分别为3.0％、0.7％、30.3％、10.6％、36.9％。调查还显示，84．3％的育龄妇女月经时使用卫生纸（巾），月经期间干重活、下水田、用脏水洗下身等不良卫生行为的发生率分别为69．4％、50．4％和7．1％。多因素Logistic回归分析发现，年龄、受教育水平、职业、是否获得过妇女健康知识等因素对经期卫生有影响。建议在发展经济、改善妇女生存环境的同时，在被调查地区开展妇科病普查普治工作和妇女的健康教育，以期提高妇女的健康水平。

围婚期妇女的生育健康现况调查分析

对北京市６个区（县）的２１８７例围婚期妇女的健康状况进行横断面调查。结果发现：围婚期妇女的平均初婚年龄为２５岁，其中９８．５％具有初中及以上文化程度，９３．１％从事各种职业劳动，２２．６％有婚前性行为，９．７％未婚先孕。疾病、住院、被动吸烟、生活紧张度、豆制品及蔬菜等摄入不足是造成月经不规律的高危因素。提示。

武汉铁路15066例已婚女职工生殖健康状况分析

目的了解铁路女职工生殖健康状况，为制定妇女疾病防治策略提供依据。方法采用妇科体检法，对武汉铁路已婚女职工进行妇科、白带常规检查，乳腺红外扫描，子宫附件B超和宫颈液基细胞检测（TCT）。结果在15066例妇检人群中。妇女疾病总患病率为79．80％（12022／15066），其中前3位是宫颈炎（45．49％）、乳腺疾病（44．26％）、阴道炎（20．80％）；宫颈炎、阴道炎均以40。49岁年龄段检出率最高，乳腺疾病以30～39岁年龄段检出率最高。结论铁路女职工的生殖健康状况不容乐观，定期开展妇女疾病普查普治，是提高妇女生殖健康、减少妇女疾病发生的关键。大力普及生殖健康知识，采取针对性干预措施是治本之策。

宫颈长度对早产的预测意义及其相对于孕期的预测效果

目的：探讨宫颈长度测量对早产的预测效果,并分析其与孕期之间关系,提高诊断的科学性.方法：对2011 年5-7 月的首诊孕妇进行普查追踪,采用SAS 9.2 对资料进行描述性统计分析.结果：早产组的宫颈长度明显短于非早产组（Z=8.3293,P=0.001）,宫颈长度随着孕周的退后而逐渐缩短（ 字2=163.1823,P=0.001）,孕后期（P5～6） 的宫颈长度均数18.86 mm.以宫颈长度〈25 mm 作为预测早产的阳性指标,其特异度随着孕期的退后而下降,孕后期（P5～6） 的特异度均为0.5000.多因素分析显示了孕期和宫颈长度都对预测早产有明显的影响.结论：宫颈长度测量具备预测早产的普遍意义,然而随着孕期推后的子宫正常生理,判别点需要进行调整以降低误诊可能.宫颈长度的基于定量的定性判别可能更适合于孕中期,孕后期则要考虑到更多因素的综合指示意义.

中国妇女劳动保护制度的百年演变

作为实践马克思主义妇女解放路线的具体制度,中国的妇女劳动保护已有近百年历史。经过三个阶段的发展,即1922—1949年基本框架形成,1950—1985年经期保护发展和孕期、产期、哺乳期"四期保护"的践行,1986年至今的以保护母性机能为中心。妇女劳动保护制度通过推进生育责任社会化、促进广大女性外出参加社会生产,一方面有力地推动了中国妇女的解放,另一方面强化了生育是女性专属之责。为消除生育责任的女性化和承认父职,进一步推进生育责任的社会化和发展马克思主义妇女解放理论,原本内嵌于计划经济的妇女劳动保护制度需要新理论和新设计。

先秦女性社会地位研究中的两个理论问题

在先秦女性社会地位研究中,存在两个亟待重新认识的问题:女性在生产劳动中的作用是否决定女性的社会地位?女神信仰真的说明了早期社会中女性具有很高的甚至是支配性的社会地位?实际上,女性在生产活动中的作用不能单独决定女性的社会地位,它要通过社会评价系统起作用;"女神"信仰理论带有很强的预设性,并不能因此而断定考古材料中的泥塑都是所谓的"女神",也不能因此而断定早期社会中女性拥有很高的社会地位。从世界史和人类学的视野来看,女性的社会地位问题是非常复杂的,它是多种因素共同作用的结果,过分强调某一方面都是不科学的。

论女性教育的重要战略机遇期

未来的20年不仅是我国社会发展的重要战略机遇期,同时也是我国女性教育发展的重要战略机遇期。文章探讨了女性教育战略机遇期的科学依据,以及正确认识和把握战略机遇期,用全新的思路来发展女性教育等问题。

肝豆状核变性生育期女性合并相关妇科疾病研究

肝豆状核变性是一种累及多器官、多系统的常染色体隐性遗传性铜代谢障碍疾病,临床表现多样。肝豆状核变性生育期女性患者可合并月经病、不孕症、异常妊娠等妇产科疾病,临床较为常见。论文综合既往及近年临床报道研究,探讨肝豆状核变性女性患者月经病、不孕症、异常妊娠相关发病机制,推测可能与铜代谢障碍导致肝肾功能异常、内分泌激素紊乱等有关。