Women’s empowerment and food consumption:Evidence from female-headed households in Tanzania

Despite the growing recognition of women’s increasing role in the household and corresponding empowerment programs in sub-Saharan Africa,intensive research on the relationship between women’s influence and household food consumption is minimal.Using the most recent(2017-2018)national household survey data from Tanzania,this study examined the influence of women’s empowerment on household food consumption.First,we compared the monthly consumption of eight food categories between female-headed households(FHHs)and male-headed households(MHHs)using both descriptive statistics and the propensity score matching(PSM)method.Furthermore,we adopted the two-stage Linear Expenditure System and Almost Ideal Demand System model(LES-AIDS)to estimate income and price elasticities for the two household types.The results show that FHHs consume bread and cereals,fish,oils and fats,vegetables,and confectionery(sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.)more than MHHs.Moreover,FHHs have a significantly higher income elasticity of demand for all food groups than MHHs.They are also more price elastic than MHHs in meat,fish,oils,fats,sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.

A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Identifying the Cultural Shifts and Societal Changes That Facilitated the Rise in Box Office Performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema in the 21st Century

With the gradual improvement of Chinese women’s status in the 21st century,gender studies and gender relations have become one of the hottest topics in Chinese society,which consequently prompted Chinese Women’s Cinema to attract the attention of larger audiences.With regard to the box office performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema,there seems to be a gap in research in finding an association between women’s status and the relevant films’box office performance.The purpose of this research is to outline the underlying reasons for the changes in gender roles and gender representation in the Chinese film industry over the past few decades in order to better understand this expansive social change in the 21st century.This study provides a comprehensive analysis through the use of questionnaires to better understand society’s attitude towards gender representation within the film industry.The questionnaire findings indicate that there is a direct correlation between people’s awareness of women’s changing status and gender equality and their acceptance of materials produced by Chinese Women’s Cinema.At the some time,it highlights that the Chinese government’s support and initiatives for gender equality have had a significant impact on the general popularity of Chinese Women’s Cinema.The significance of this research is to effectively popularize Chinese Women’s Cinema culture and the box office growth by understanding the social attitude towards gender representation in the Chinese film industry and to provide relevant information about the development direction and trend of Chinese Women’s Cinema.Furthermore,this research aims to provide foundational support for gender equality and help to understand the underlying factors that society needs to promote gender equality.

A High Efficiency Hardware Implementation of S-Boxes Based on Composite Field for Advanced Encryption Standard

The SubBytes (S-box) transformation is the most crucial operation in the AES algorithm, significantly impacting the implementation performance of AES chips. To design a high-performance S-box, a segmented optimization implementation of the S-box is proposed based on the composite field inverse operation in this paper. This proposed S-box implementation is modeled using Verilog language and synthesized using Design Complier software under the premise of ensuring the correctness of the simulation result. The synthesis results show that, compared to several current S-box implementation schemes, the proposed implementation of the S-box significantly reduces the area overhead and critical path delay, then gets higher hardware efficiency. This provides strong support for realizing efficient and compact S-box ASIC designs.

基于多目标遗传算法的8×8 S盒的优化设计方法

混沌系统具有非线性、伪随机性、初始值敏感等特性,为基于动力系统构造性能良好的S盒提供了基础,进一步保证了分组加密算法安全性.目前,基于混沌构造S盒的方法大多数针对单个性能指标进行优化,难以获得全面的性能提升.针对此问题,结合混沌映射与多目标遗传算法,提出了一种新的S盒设计方法.首先,利用混沌映射的特性产生初始S盒种群;然后,以S盒的非线性度和差分均匀性为优化目标,基于遗传算法框架对上述两指标进行优化.针对S盒的特点,在优化算法中引入了交换操作,设计了新的变异操作以及非支配序集计算,有效提升了S盒的非线性度和差分均匀性.实验结果表明该算法产生的S盒其差分均匀度为6,非线性度值至少为110,有效提升了S盒的综合性能.

基于FPGA的SM4算法高效实现方案

针对SM4算法的FPGA实现方案存在数据处理速度不够高和逻辑资源占用过高的问题,提出了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的高性能、低资源消耗的SM4算法实现方案。所提方案采用循环密钥扩展与32级流水线加解密相结合的架构,循环密钥扩展的方式降低了逻辑资源消耗,32级流水线加解密的方式提高了数据吞吐率。同时,所提方案采用代数式S盒并通过合并线性运算以及在不可约多项式的合并矩阵中筛选最优矩阵运算的方式进一步减少S盒变换的运算量,从而达到降低逻辑资源占用与提高工程数据吞吐率的目的。测试结果显示,该方案比现有最佳方案在数据吞吐率上提升了43%,且资源占用率降低了10%。

Influence of cultural factors on choice of childbirth place among women in Oyigbo Local Government Area,Rivers State,Nigeria

Objectives:This study aims to ascertain if cultural factors influence the childbirth place choice of women in Oyigbo.Materials and Methods:The study used a cross‑sectional study design using a self‑structured questionnaire as the instrument to collect data from 384 volunteers through simple random sampling,and these data were analyzed using frequency and percentage for descriptive statistics while Chi‑square was used for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance.Results:The influence of cultural factors such as family traditions(χ^(2)=12.56,P=0.006),beliefs(χ^(2)=70.66,P=0.000),lack of confidence in health facilities(χ^(2)=367.83,P=0.000),and the presence of male skilled birth attendants(χ^(2)=50.85,P=0.000)were statistically significant to the choice of childbirth place,while patriarchal system(χ^(2)=2.99,P=0.393)was not statistically significant to the choices of childbirth places of women in Oyigbo.Religion had a statistically significant influence on childbirth place(χ^(2)=125.46,P=0.000).Conclusion:This study shows that religious and cultural factors have a significant influence on the childbirth place choices of women in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State.

Camellia密码算法S盒的量子电路优化

S盒是Camellia密码算法重要的非线性组件。使用Toffoli门、CNOT门和NOT门构建Camellia密码算法S盒的量子电路。为了降低计算的复杂度,根据S盒的代数表达式,将有限域GF(2^(8))中的乘法求逆运算同构到GF((2^(4))^(2))的复合域中的运算,构造出Camellia密码算法S盒的量子电路。在优化方面,将仿射矩阵、同构矩阵以及一组CNOT门对应的矩阵先进行乘法操作,再进行综合,使用DORCIS工具优化GF(2^(4))中乘法求逆的量子电路,运用W-Type算法优化矩阵运算的量子电路。最终得到的S盒的量子电路只需使用20个量子比特,52个Toffoli门、178个CNOT门和13个NOT门,Toffoli深度为40,电路深度为130。该量子电路的正确性通过IBM公司的Aer模拟器进行验证。相比于已有的结果,文中使用的量子资源有了进一步的减少。

The Dilemma of Women’s Voices in the Post-Epidemic Era:Misconceptions of Feminism on Digital Media Platforms-The Example of Sina Weibo

Weibo,one of China’s largest digital media platforms,has become a major platform for women’s voices to fight for equality.However,misconceptions of feminism on Weibo have become obstacles to women’s voices,for which the platforms did not post women’s views prominently.From the perspective of women themselves,this paper adopted a questionnaire to study the misunderstanding of feminism and its impact on women’s expression on Weibo.

Do Chinese Women Face Subtle Discrimination in Job Hiring?

Gender discrimination has long been the problem that exists in the entire world,including China.However,as more and more people are focusing on the general gender discrimination,the group recognized an extension of such discrimination-pregnancy discrimination in job hiring(the discrimination that women who are pregnant or have the inclination to pregnancy receive in hiring).The possible subtle pregnancy discrimination may be one of the main causes that lead to the declining fertility rate in China.The group decided to conduct an experiment to determine whether women are receiving more subtle discrimination in job hiring due to their identity as mother than men with children,men without children,and women without children.Using the form of questionary and resumes,the team found that Chinese women are indeed enduring subtle discrimination in work hiring.The experiment highlights the importance to promote further equality among women.However,there are some confounding variables,like the level of patient of the HR who reads the resume,affecting the ultimate result of the study.Keywords:gender discrimination,women’s career,Chinese job market,pregnancy discrimination,fertility rate in China.

Mechanisms and Associated Factors of Nocturia in Women Attending Two Urogynecology Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Nocturia has a multifactorial etiology, and its diagnostic approach involves, in addition to medical history and physical examination, the use of a bladder diary to define the pathophysiological mechanisms present in each case. Methods: This study investigated the prevalence of nocturia, its mechanisms, and associated factors in women with lower urinary tract symptoms attending two urogynecology clinics in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anamnesis, physical examination, and a 24-hour bladder diary were conducted. Two definitions of nocturia were considered: one or more nighttime voids and two or more nighttime voids. Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were used, with p-value ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: A total of 133 participants were included. The majority were aged 60 years or older (61.4%) and had three or more comorbidities (66.7%), with systemic arterial hypertension being the most prevalent (59.1%). Of the total participants, 54 (41.4%) completed the bladder diary. Among those with one or more nighttime voids (70.7%), the prevalence of nocturnal polyuria was 69.1%, reduced nocturnal bladder capacity was 17.3%, and global polyuria was 12.9%. Among participants with two or more nighttime voids (56.4%), the prevalences were respectively 68.2%, 19.1%, and 13.6%. Among the mechanisms, associations were found only with global polyuria, namely: use of insulin, body mass index and tobacco consumption. An association was also found between recurrent urinary tract infection and global polyuria in participants with two or more nighttime voids. Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturia was higher than that reported in general population studies and specialized services for lower urinary tract symptoms. Nocturnal polyuria was the most prevalent mechanism. Associations were observed between the use of insulin, body mass index, tobacco consumption, and recurrent urinary tract infection with global polyuria. No associations were found between any clinical or demographic variables and nocturnal polyuria or reduced nocturnal bladder capacity.

一种基于Hierarchy LUT的可重构S-box实现方法

基于查找表方法构建的Substitution box (S-box)在可重构分组密码实现中广泛使用,然而因消耗的资源过大,其面积利用效率低。为提高可重构S-box面积利用效率,提出一种基于4R/1W存储结构的分层查找表(Hierarchy LUT),构建可重构S-box。所提出的4R/1W存储结构能减少存储单元的例化数量,提高存储密度。在40nmCMOS工艺下,实现基于HierarchyLUT的可重构S-box,其面积利用效率得到改善,对比TableLookupUnit (TLU)和Memory Sharing的可重构S-box方案,效率分别提高了51.76%和6.88%。

Analyzing the Influences on Women’s Upbringing and Their Educational Significance Using the Case of Estella,the Heroine of Great Expectations

This paper explores the influences on women’s upbringing and their educational significance by using the character Estella from Great Expectations as a case study.Through analyzing the impact of social environment,family education,and self-awakening,this article aims to promote gender equality and the construction of a feminist cognitive community.It delves into the class divisions of 19th-century England,the manipulative family education imposed on Estella by Miss Havisham,and Estella’s journey towards self-consciousness after her foster mother’s death.The study highlights the challenges faced by women in societal constraints,family expectations,and the importance of self-discovery in overcoming these limitations.

The Rise of China’s Women’s Basketball Team:An Exploration of Gender Equality in Professional Basketball

This article explores the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team in professional basketball and its relationship to gender equality issues.In view of the gender differences in salary,market value,social status,and other aspects,the article proposes a series of strategies to promote the realization of gender equality for female basketball players in professional basketball.This article points out that the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team will lead the process of gender equality and lay the foundation for a more equitable and inclusive future.To achieve this goal,this article highlights the importance of improving the competitive level of female athletes,improving basic education,promoting basketball culture,and promoting gender equality.

AES-128中S盒变换的量子线路优化

使用空间资源优化的量子Karatsuba乘法来优化实现AES-128中的8×8 S盒变换,同时引入了衡量时间资源代价和空间资源代价折衷的指标——量子比特数目与T门深度之积。对实现8×8 S盒变换的分析表明,利用空间资源优化的量子Karatsuba乘法的求乘法逆线路具有更优性能,其Toffoli门数目、量子比特数目、量子比特数目与T门深度之积更优。此外,使用加窗量子查表方法,进一步优化了求乘法逆以及实现S盒所需的量子资源。在此基础上,基于Qiskit分析验证了所需的量子资源。

SM4密码算法S盒的量子电路优化

S盒是SM4密码算法中的重要非线性组件.首先基于复合域理论,将S盒代数表达式中有限域GF(2^(8))中的运算同构到复合域GF((2^(4))2)中的运算,然后使用NCT门库逐步构建并优化各个运算的量子电路,最后综合出完整的S盒量子电路.为降低Toffoli门的使用量,根据GF(24)中乘法计算的代数表达式,选取使用Toffoli门最少的量子电路.为了降低CNOT门的使用量,主要从三方面优化:一是使用最优的CNOT电路综合出4阶矩阵的量子电路;二是采用置换矩阵法以及优化子电路的方式综合出8阶矩阵的量子电路;三是通过先合并计算再综合的思路优化整个S盒中CNOT门的数量.该S盒量子电路使用Qiskit Aer量子模拟器实现,并验证了其正确性.经量子资源分析,该优化的S盒量子电路一共使用了21个量子比特、10个NOT门、152个CNOT门和34个Toffoli门,电路深度为97.Toffoli门数量、总量子逻辑门数量、电路深度等相比已有结果都有较大减少.

Functions of Rhetoric and Social Science Origins in Communication Study—Based on Boxing Plato’s Shadow:An Introduction to the Study of Human Communication

With the development of the rhetoric study from the origins in ancient Athens and The Rhetoric of Aristotle to the formation of modern Communication Study at the beginning of the twentieth century,the Rhetoric Study changed in dynamic and its concepts and theories merged and formed the foundations of Communication Study which focused on personal communication and speech rhetoric skills at that time.At the beginning of the twentieth century,although the Neo-Aristotelian rhetorical scholars from classic rhetoric approach created methodologies and enriched the content of Communication Study under the influence of humanistic study and social science study,but the Communication discipline was still in the embarrassing position.During World War I and World War II,most scholars with backgrounds of social science,history and anthropology carried out the studies of propaganda wars and the message disseminating,and explored the military powers and governments’access to the media and developed serial communication modes from the social science perspective,which laid the foundation for Communication discipline in the academic field.The author analyzed the Rhetoric and Social Science origins of Communication study in Boxing Plato’s Shadow:an Introduction to the Study of Human Communication,which is beneficial and helpful to understand the academic origins of Communication study and its cross-disciplined and embarrassing positions.

The Black Protests in Poland: An Example of an Anti-pastoral Revolution

Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.

实现AES算法中S-BOX和INV-S-BOX的高效方法

介绍了AES中的S-BOX和INV-S-BOX的算法原理,分析目前广泛使用的实现S-BOX和INV-S-BOX的三种方法:直接查表法,扩展欧几里德算法和基于复合域GF((22)2)2)的算法。对直接查表法和基于复合域GF((22)2)2)的算法进行改进,提出了两种改进电路结构。通过综合仿真,给出了按照上述方法实现的硬件电路的面积和关键路径上的时间延迟。结果表明,提出的两种新实现方法与传统实现方法相比,电路面积分别有28%和22%的优化。

基于S3C44BOX的嵌入式系统串口通信的实现

采用S3C44B0X芯片作为串口通信的控制核心器件,实现了串口通信。利用MAX3232C芯片实现电平转换,S3C44B0X实现两路RS-232串口通信,并且给出了系统的硬件实现原理图。文章分析了软件实现过程:初始化串口、配置串口、发送数据和接收数据。通过实验得出该串口可以达到高效稳定的通信效果。在嵌入式系统中的串口通信技术广泛应用于基于串口通信的各种场合。