Efficient and selective removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from landfill leachate using L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric synthesized via radiation grafting technique

In this study,to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous environments,a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent(NWF-serine)was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification.The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy.NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and scanning electron microscopy.Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH,adsorption time,temperature,initial concentration,and sorbent dosage on the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption performance of NWF-serine.The results indicated that Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process,following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g.NWF-serine exhibited Pb(Ⅱ) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd,Cu,Ni,Mn,and Zn.Furthermore,NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(Ⅱ) uptake after five use cycles.The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(Ⅱ) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Photo-Grafting Copolymerization of PP Nonwoven Fabric and Its Application for Acidic Dye Adsorption and Filtration

The monomer methacrylamido propyl trimethy ammonium chloride( MAPTAC) was copolymerized onto the fiber surface of polypropylene( PP) nonwoven fabric under ultroviole radiation. The weak acid red GN dye adsorption and adsorptive filtration performance of the resulted PP fabrics were investigated.The results showed that the grafting copolymerization preferred to happen in the inner layer of the fabrics. The water flux of the grafted fabrics decreases with the increase of grafting yield. The collapse of the grafted polymer chains causes the flux increase in acidic condition,or vice versa at alkaline version. The coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains upon the dye adsorption seems to violate the routine assumption of the rigid substrate, and this gets the adsorption energy constant negative. The static adsorption process follows the Lagergren's pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The removals of circa( ca.) 100% of the total permeation volume3 500 mL simulated dye wastewater was reached during permeation.The dye adsorbed fabrics were regenerated by the mixed media of the cationic surfactant / ethanol /water. The grafted fabric assumes stable fabric integrity and stability during permeation,and presents excellent dye adsorption capacity,easy desorption, and repeatable utilization.

Preparation of Immobilized ε-Polylysine PET Nonwoven Fabrics and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation

A novel antibacterial material （L-PET） was prepared by immobilizing ε-polylysine on polyethylene terephthalate （PET） nonwoven fabrics. Surface modifications of the fabric were performed by using a chemical modification procedure where carboxyl groups were prepared on the PET surface, a coupling agent was grafted, and the ε-polylysine was immobilized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was used to analyze the surface morphology of the fabrics, while the toluidine blue method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to evaluate the grafting densities. The antibacterial activities of the L-PET were investigated by using the shaking-flask method. The electron micrographs showed that the surface of the blank PET and the modified fabrics did not change. The results of XPS analysis confirmed that ε-polylysine was successfully grafted onto the surface of PET. The results of the antibacterial experiments showed that L-PET fabrics had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and that L-PET fabrics were stable in storage for at least two years.

Effects of Surfactant Adsorption on Surficial Wettability of Nonwoven Fabrics

All types of surfactants (cationic, anionic and nonionic) reported in this paper could enhance the surficial wettability of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabrics. However, the effects of cationic and nonionic surfactants were better. The longer the treatment time of surfactants on the nonwoven fabrics, the better the surficial wettability. The surficial rewetting time would no longer change above a certain treatment time. The rewettability of nonwoven fabrics could be evidently improved just when the concentration of surfactants was just above the CMC, except for sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The finer the fibers and the looser the structures, the better the surficial rewettability of nonwoven fabrics.

A Study on Modifying the Calculation Model of Valid Opening Size of Heat-bonded Nonwoven Fabrics

It has been found that there are marked errors in the value of valid opening size of heat-bonded nonwoven fabrics between theoretical calculations and engineering measurements. A new modified theoretical model is advanced in this paper. The equivalent diameter of the pore of a fibre web is used to calculate the valid opening size instead of the maximum diameter of inscribed circle used, because the fibres in practical fibre webs are flexible elastomers with definite diameters and the pore of fibre web may produce deformation in screening teat and engineering usage. The results show that the theoretical calculations coincide well with the engineering measurements. This method offers a theoretical basis for computer simulation to the performance of filters of heatbonded nonwoven fabrics.

INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS AND POWDER BINDER CONTENT ON PROPERTIES OF HIGH LOFT NONWOVEN FABRICS

In this paper, the influence of processing parameters and powder binder content was studied and analysed on the properties of high loft nonwoven fabrics mainly using statistical analysis method. The relationship between the bulkiness and the warmth retention property was also tested. The analytical results reveal that the increase of the powder content, heating temperature and pressure will affect the tensile strength of nonwovens. Moreover, there are interactions between these parameters. The compression properties only change a little for a powder binder content of 15％—20％. However, with the increase of the heating temperature and pressure, the bulkiness and compression rate will reduce significantly. For the bulk density of high loft nonwoven fabrics, there exists a heat transter mechanism of air convection, but the higher the bulkiness of nonwovens, the larger the thickness and the better the warmth retention property of nonwoven fabrics.

A STUDY OF HIGH LOFT NONWOVEN FABRICS USING POWDER BONDING TECHNOLOGY

In this paper, two types of high loft nonwoven fabrics have been constructed in the laboratory apparatus made by ourselves with different binders (polyamide and polyethylene powder) and varying binder contents (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The tensile and compression properties of these nonwoven fabrics were tested. It was found that one can reduce powder binder content to increase loft and softness of nonwoven fabrics, but it has to sacrifice its tensile strength. Adhesion force between binder and single fibre was also explored. The experiments showed that the adhesion force at the interface between binder and fibre depends on the fibre variety, the fibre surface morphology, heating temperature and heating time etc..

体育服饰用超细纤维合成革针刺非织造基布的力学性能表征

为有效解决开纤处理后海岛超细纤维针刺非织造基布致密性低且针刺痕迹等一系列问题,以促使其在体育服饰用超细纤维合成革中广泛应用,本文基于针刺法将高收缩聚酯纤维掺入海岛超细纤维合成革非织造基布,以制备生成了超细纤维合成革针刺非织造基布,并对其力学性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,随着高收缩聚酯纤维掺入量增加,超细纤维合成革针刺非织造基布断裂强度与撕裂强度皆逐渐增大;透湿性与吸湿性先降低后升高;热收缩率逐步增高;耐磨性逐渐提升,且基布均匀度较好;弯曲长度与弯曲刚度皆逐渐增大,柔软度随之降低;以针刺非织造基布为原料制成的体育服饰用超细纤维合成革表面平整且光滑,底面平整且粗糙度适中,致密性较好,且断裂强度、撕裂强度、透湿性与吸水性均表现优异。

导电复合材料涂覆式全织物基柔性压阻传感器制备

针对目前织物基柔性压阻传感器制备工艺相对复杂、导电材料与织物结合度有限等问题,提出以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/炭黑(CB)为导电复合材料涂覆非织造布制备压敏层,采用微滴喷射技术在织物表面直接成形叉指型金属电极,制备织物基柔性压阻传感器的方法。当CB与MWCNTs质量比为3∶2时,对不同MWCNTs填充量下导电复合材料形态及制备的压敏层微观形貌观察,并研究其对传感器灵敏度的影响,最后对制得传感器的性能及应用进行测试。结果表明:导电材料在PDMS中分散均匀,导电复合材料与织物结合紧密;当MWCNTs质量分数为2.5%时,所制传感器灵敏度最高可达0.353 kPa^(-1),检测范围为0~25 kPa,响应/恢复时间为150/200 ms,最低检测限约为49 Pa,具有良好的重复稳定性(约1 600次)。此外,该传感器可识别出手指按压以及手指和腕部弯曲的压力信号,可应用于人体健康、运动等信号监测。

过滤吸油用PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能测试研究

以不同质量比的聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)为原料制得PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布,测试分析了PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能。结果表明:PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的纤网呈现蓬松杂乱的三维结构,纤维直径较细,孔隙率较高;随着PE添加比例增大,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的面密度和厚度增大,拉伸断裂强力、顶破强力略有下降,硬挺度下降,透气性增大;当PP/PE质量比为73时,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的水接触角在129°左右,吸油倍数为18.75,20 s内吸油高度为1.7 mm,空气过滤效率为56.82%,综合性能较好,可应用于过滤、吸油等领域。

生物可降解无纺布材料研究进展

随着人们对于绿色环保理念的重视,生物可降解无纺布材料因兼备性能优异、环境友好且用途广泛等优势,不仅是现阶段的研究热点,未来也极具发展潜力。本文按照天然高分子型、微生物型和化学合成型3种不同原料来源,对可降解聚合物无纺布的性能特点和国内外研究现状进行了概述和分析,重点介绍了几种常见的脂肪族聚酯类合成型可降解无纺布材料,并展望了未来发展趋势。

基于生成对抗网络的非织造布二维图像重建

非织造布纤维结构的准确表征是其性能分析的重要基础。为了解决基于近似模拟的表征结果中纤维形态、结构与真实样本不一致的问题,提出了一种基于生成对抗网络的非织造布二维图像重建方法。使用全自动光学显微镜对非织造布图像进行抓取,并在此基础上构建纤维生成对抗网络(Fiber generation adversarial network,FGAN)对图像样本进行建模。针对高分辨率图像重建时存在的失真问题,采用多尺度训练策略,同时引入权重多样性损失。采用图像质量评估指标FID作为实验评价指标,分别与DCGAN、WGAN-GP、BEGAN、PROGAN等生成模型进行对比实验。结果表明:FGAN重建的非织造布图像质量更高;消融实验证明,多尺度训练策略与权重多样性损失函数中FID数值分别降低24.52%、20.31%。FGAN模型的提出,使非织造布结构分析摆脱对近似模拟方法的依赖,提供了准确的纤维分布信息,对非织造布的质量评估、性能优化等应用具有重要意义。

涤纶无纺布的PTL生物抗菌整理

采用相转变溶菌酶(PTL)对涤纶(PET)无纺布进行生物抗菌涂层整理,考察了碱刻蚀和聚多巴胺(PDA)预处理对整理产品抗菌及其他性能的影响。结果表明:碱刻蚀预处理对PTL涂层整理的抗菌性影响不大,而PDA预处理的PET无纺布经过PTL涂层整理后,对大肠埃希菌和金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率均能达到99%,水洗测试证明结合牢度显著增强。此外,PTL涂层可实现对PET无纺布亲疏水性的按需调控。

聚苯胺/MXene@聚丙烯复合非织造柔性pH值传感器的制备及其传感性能

为制备基于聚丙烯纺黏非织造材料(Polypropylene spunbonded nonwoven fabric,PP SF)的双电极柔性pH值传感器,在PP SF表面涂覆油性聚氨酯(Oil-based polyurethane,OPU),制备得到OPU/PP SF,采用丝网印刷技术将作为参比电极的银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)浆料和导电碳浆料分别移印至OPU/PP SF表面;利用化学氧化聚合法制备了酸掺杂聚苯胺(Polyaniline,PANI),将其与经超疏水改性的F-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene结合,再涂覆在C层表面,形成PANI/F-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene@PP SF柔性pH值传感器。结果表明:PANI/F-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene@PP SF柔性pH值传感器表面呈现珊瑚状结构,在pH值为2~10时,PANI/F-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene@PP SF柔性pH值传感器表现出良好的力学性能,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均比PP SF有所提高,灵敏度(-37.07 mV/pH)高,线性度(R2=0.98)好,具有低电位变化率(0.092 mV/h)和良好的重现性(灵敏度标准偏差为0.36%)。该研究可为基于聚丙烯纺黏非织造材料基材的柔性pH值传感器的研究提供参考。

光敏抗菌纯棉无纺布的制备及性能研究

以纯棉水刺无纺布为基材,乙酸为溶剂,柠檬酸为交联剂,把壳聚糖接枝在棉无纺布上,再以壳聚糖为载体,固定原卟啉,制备出一种光敏抗菌材料。借助扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪分析固定前后棉无纺布的形貌及化学结构变化,并探究改性后棉无纺布的力学性能、透气性及抗菌性能。结果表明:棉无纺布表面接枝了壳聚糖与原卟啉,其断裂强力有所减小;在暗室/光照条件下,改性无纺布对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有良好的抗菌效果,尤其在光照条件下,原卟啉与壳聚糖的协同抗菌作用,使改性无纺布对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到99.91%。

基于MXene的导电织物构筑及其多功能应用

为拓展二维碳化钛材料在智能纺织品中的应用,以纤维素非织造布为基材,将Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)和碳纳米管(CNTs)喷涂在纤维素非织造布上,制备出一种集传感、储能、热能转换于一体的多功能复合导电织物。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)及其改性织物的表面形貌及结构进行表征。结果表明:Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CNTs/非织造布具有优异的电热和光热转化性能,在15 V电压下织物快速升温至115℃,且在室温(32℃)条件下,织物经阳光照射后表面快速升温至65℃;所制备的柔性半固态超级电容器,在电流密度为0.2 A/cm^(2)下,最大面积比电容达到125 mF/cm^(2),即使在10000次充放电循环后仍保持74%的电容;作为应变传感器时,表现出明显的负电阻变化和高灵敏度,能准确检测出手指弯曲、肘部弯曲、膝盖弯曲等人体动作。

纺织非织造布生产技术研究进展

综述了单组分与复合纺织非织造布的生产技术,重点关注采用多元原料制造的双组分复合纺织非织造布的生产工艺,所得到的材料展现出优异的性能,包括高强度、出色的韧性、足够的刚性、高孔隙率、大比表面积等。这使得材料在过滤性、吸湿性、透气性以及容尘能力方面表现出色,使其在多种应用场景中具有显著优势。

天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的制备与性能研究

天然胶乳薄膜具有独特的粘弹性和阻尼特性,木棉纤维具有大中空的独特结构,两者均可作为吸声材料基材。通过将木棉纤维与中空聚酯纤维混合后采用针刺加固工艺制成非织造布,然后直接与天然胶乳薄膜复合,制备天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料,研究天然胶乳薄膜层数、复合材料面密度、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比、复合材料孔径等对复合材料吸声性能的影响并分析复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:在天然胶乳薄膜层数为2、复合材料面密度为1215.72 g·m^(-2)、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比为6/4、复合材料孔径为109.5μm时,天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的综合性能最优,最大吸声系数可达到0.8;与天然胶乳薄膜复合可弥补木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布在低频率区域吸声效果的不足,有效拓宽复合材料的吸声频带,拓展其应用领域。

医用防护服用聚丙烯SMS抗菌面料制备与表征

为解决医用防护服用聚丙烯SMS非织造布耐久性抗菌问题,利用课题组制备的银氮共掺杂纳米二氧化钛(Ag-N-TiO_(2))光催化抗菌剂,以聚丙烯SMS非织造布为基材,采用浸渍法,通过优化工艺制备出Ag-N-TiO_(2)/聚丙烯SMS非织造布抗菌试样。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为目标菌种,采用振荡法测试分析了Ag-N-TiO_(2)/聚丙烯SMS非织造布试样的抗菌性能。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征试样的微观形貌,同时还测试了负载抗菌剂前后试样的主要性能。结果表明:Ag-N-TiO_(2)成功负载到聚丙烯SMS非织造布上,试样对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为100%和100%,洗涤20次后其抑菌率分别为100%和96.1%,抗菌耐久性优于AA级,且主要性能良好,均符合医用防护服面料相关标准要求。

基于GA⁃BP的多目标PEDOT∶PSS导电非织造布性能优化

针对聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)∶聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT∶PSS)导电非织造布存在导电性能不稳定和机械性能较差等问题,采用神经网络模型对PEDOT∶PSS导电非织造布进行性能优化。通过收集PEDOT∶PSS导电非织造布的试验数据,作为GA-BP神经网络的输入和输出,并建立针对PEDOT∶PSS导电聚合物配比的优化模型。结果表明:制备PEDOT∶PSS导电非织造布的最佳工艺参数为EDOT与PSS摩尔比例0.3345、过硫酸铵浓度0.0297 mol/L、硫酸铁浓度0.0487 mol/L、盐酸质量分数6.9630%,此时导电非织造布电导率为6.713 S/m,非织造布拉伸断裂强度为4.581 MPa。制备的PEDOT∶PSS导电非织造布经过20 min摩擦后,电导率由6.329 S/m下降到5.348 S/m;经过60 min水洗后电导率由6.536 S/m下降到5.435 S/m,且下降趋势缓慢。认为:所制备的导电非织造布具有良好的稳定性及耐用性。