On Word-formation of China English Lexis

This paper introduces China English and China English lexis,and analyzes the four ways of the word-formation of China English lexis:transliteration,loan translation,loan-blend and coinage.The analysis can show that China English is used to express the language system in a special situation in China,and it has brought large number of new lexis and new vision into world Englishes,which has enhanced the expressive force of English.

An Introduction of word-formation

As we all know,English is considered as an international language,to learn English well means intergrateing into this fast-developing society.With new words flooding,sometimes we may have troubles remembering it. Linguists predict that : in 5 0 years, English vocabulary will be more than 5, 000, 000. So, how to memorize these vast number of new words scientifically and efficiently? This article will introduce some common methods of memorizing words in morphlogical area.It consists of three chapters.The first chapter will introduce the defination of word-formation,the second chapter will demonstrate the benefit of learning word-formation,the third chapter will present the four methods of learning word-formation.

A Cognitive Study of Word-formation of Chinese New Metaphorical Compounds

A great deal of new words are emerging and coming into vogue.Most of the previous studies on Chinese new words focused on their classification,form and meaning,as well as the social motivations.This thesis chooses to study the concept metaphor of Chinese new metaphorical compounds from the cognitive perspective based on 396 new words in 2010 and aims to classify the new metaphorical words in a new way and pay attention to the analysis of word formation of new metaphorical compounds.Besides,this paper attempts to explore the understanding process of metaphorical new words.

Conversion-A Prolific Way in English Word-Formation

In English learning most students have difficulty memorizing words and reciting words has become a nation-wide problem for most English learners. This paper introduces a way of word-formation - conversion to help language learners enlarge their vocabulary efficiently.

Erxian decoction potentially prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis by modulating miR-335: a study based on bioinformatics analysis and preliminary clinical case validation

Background:miRNAs are closely related to bone metabolism.Studies have shown that Erxian decoction can improve bone metabolism,possibly achieving this regulatory effect through miRNA targets.Netinfer was used to predict the miRNA targets of Erxian decoction for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the results were validated by clinical trials.Methods:In this study,we identified possible targets of Erxian decoction in osteoporosis by means of network pharmacological analysis and bioinformatic prediction.Fifteen cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis with kidney Yin and Yang deficiency(In traditional Chinese medicine,kidney Yin nourishes and moistens the tissues of the internal organs of the body,while kidney Yang promotes and warms the tissues of the internal organs of the body.)were treated with Erxian decoction for four weeks,and serum bone metabolism indices(P1NP,osteocalcin,andβ-CTX)and miRNA-335-5p expression were measured before and after treatment.Results:The constructed miRNA postmenopausal osteoporosis related gene network of the effective compound of the Erxian decoction has 296 points and 981 edges.The 39 postmenopausal osteoporosis related genes regulated by miRNA-335-5p were enriched in ossification,while the signaling pathways were enriched in rheumatoid arthritis,the Toll signaling pathway,the HIF-1 signaling pathway,and the MAPK signaling pathway.After taking Erxian decoction,the expression of the serum bone formation index(P1NP,osteocalcin)and miRNA-335-5p gene expression levels increased significantly.The alterations in P1NP and osteocalcin were correlated with the changes in miRNA-335-5p.Conclusion:Circulating miRNA-335-5p may serve as an important target of Erxian decoction in the treatment of postmenopausal women.The effect of Erxian decoction on bone formation is significant,but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation.

Mechanoresponsive MiR-138-5p Targets MACF1 to Inhibit Bone Formation

Mechanical stimuli play an essential role in maintaining bone remodeling and skeletal integrity.Meanwhile,bone can respond to the changes of mechanical condition to adjust its mass and architecture.Clinical studies discover that bedridden patients showed osteoporotic T-scores and low bone mineral density,and long-term immobilized patients presented reduced markers of bone formation.However,as bone formation mediated by osteoblast differentiation is a complex process,the underlying molecular mechanism of mechanical stimuli regulating bone formation is still unclear.Recent evidences show that microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in mechanical stimuli regulating bone formation or osteoblast differentiation.Nevertheless,no direct evidence identifies mechanoresponsive miRNA in both human and animal bones,and clarifies its mechanoresponsive role under different mechanical conditions(e.g.mechanical unloading,reloading,loading).In the current study,we screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in bone specimens of bedridden patients with fractures,then identified that the expression of miR-138-5p,but not the other miRNAs,altered withbedridden time and was negatively correlated with the expression of the bone formation marker genes Alp(alkaline phosphatase).Moreover,miR-138-5p was up-regulated with reduced bone formation during unloading and down-regulated with increased bone formation during reloading in hind4imb unloaded mice.In addition,miR-138-5p was verified to be responsive to different mechanical unloading condition and cyclic mechanical stretch condition in primary osteogenic cells,respectively.Further in vitro data suggested that mechanoresponsive miR-138-5p directly targeted microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1(MACF1)to inhibit osteoblast differentiation.In vivo,we constructed an osteoblastic miR-138-5p transgenic mice model(TG138)with the Runx2promoter,and found that overexpression miR-138-5p supressed bone formation.Moreover,osteoblast-targeted inhibition of miR-138-5p sensitized bone anabolic response to mechanical loading in TG138 mice.Predominantly,the osteoblast-targeted inhibition of miR-138-5p could counteract bone formation reduction induced by hind limb unloading.Taken together,the mechanoresponsive miR-138-5p inhibited bone anabolic response for developing a novel bone anabolic sensitization strategy.

Tendencies of Formation Among English New Words

With the deveolpment of the society. and culture, English vocabulary changerapidly. New words enter the English language daily at an ever -- inereasing rate. Greatchange in vocabulary, however, does not cause great change in the rules of English word for-mation. This paper will take some new words as example to show the treat importance of thetraditional principles in the formation of new words, though there are slight changes in themtoo.

Use of Knowledge of Word Formation in English Vocabulary Teaching

The general and traditional ways to learn English words are too boring and unsystematic, which is a weak point in students'English learning. The author has conducted a survey among freshmen, sophomores, juniors to find out the points,combined the results of the survey with features of memory and storage system, put forward word formation. This essay also presents the advantages of word formation in English vocabulary teaching and learning and introduces five main categories of word formation.

ON WORD—FORMATION

The paper"word—Formation"consists of two parts:component parts ofa word and classes of morphemes and some of the special subclasses. The materialin this paper is written on the basis of my own point of view and mostlyon the basis of reference to manny authorities’ publications.

On Word Formation According to the Phenomenon of Mixed Chinese and English

Nowadays, with the frequent use of English, many Chinese people tend to express with mixed Chinese and English. As to this phenomenon, the thesis mainly analyzes word formation of the mixed Chinese and English. Beginning with presenting the research background, status and significances, the thesis will employ three parts to clarify this topic.

Probing star formation and feedback using CCOSMA and archival data in the CFG028.68–0.28 quasi-sinusoidal filament

We have performed a multi-wavelength study toward a quasi-sinusoidal filament(CFG028.68–0.28). A new large-scale ^12CO J = 3-2 map was obtained from the China-Cologne Observation for Sub Millimeter Astronomy(CCOSMA) 3m radio telescope. Based on the ATLASGAL catalog, we have identified 27 dust clumps in the filament. Through the relationship between the mass and radius of these clumps, 67% of these clumps are dense and massive enough to potentially form massive stars. The obtained CFE is ~11% in the filament. The filament has a linear mass density of ~305 M⊙pc^-1, which is smaller than its critical mass to length ratio. This suggests that the external pressure from the neighboring H Ⅱ regions may help prevent the filament from dispersing under the effects of turbulence. Comparing the energy injection from outflows and H Ⅱ regions in the filament, the ionization feedback from the H Ⅱ regions can help maintain the observed turbulence.

A Novel Cellular Autoaggregative Developmentally CRP Regulated Behaviour Generates Massively Chondrule-Like Formations over Surface of Old <i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 Macrocolony Biofilms

How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies described as volcano-like. The formative developmental process of this morphotype has been presented as a suitable experimental model for the study of 3D patterning in macrocolony biofilms. Here, we report the optical microscopy observations and genetic analysis that have unveiled the existence of a novel autoaggregative behaviour which generates massive lumpiness over the surface of the volcano-like macrocolonies. These lumpy formations are generated by the autoaggregation and strong interaction of tightly packed bacterial cells in structures with a chondrule-like appearance which give the colony’s surface its characteristic microscopic lumpy phenotype. Furthermore, they exhibit different levels of maturation from the edge to the center of the colony. Hence, its generation appears to follow a spatiotemporal program of development during the macrocolony’s morphogenesis. Interestingly, the agar’s hardness influences the morphology exhibited by these formations, with high agar concentration (1.5%, 15 g/L) suppressing its development. This new auto-aggregative E. coli’s behaviour does not require the activity of the biofilm master regulator CsgD, the adhesiveness of flagella, pili type 1, adhesin Ag43, β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer-PGA, cellulose or colanic acid, but it is under glucose repression and the control of cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The possible physiological role of these chondrule-like formations in the adaptability of the colony to different stressful environmental conditions is discussed.

基于TF-IDF与word2vec的台词文本分类研究

为提高文本分类的准确性,针对健康节目台词文本各类别之间样本数量及各样本之间词数不平衡的特点,提出了一种基于word2vec均值算法及改进的词频-逆文本频率(TFIDF)算法的分类方法.该方法通过引入信息熵及修正因子,缓解了数据不平衡对分类准确率及召回率造成的不良影响.实验结果表明:所提出的分类方法在准确率及召回率上与word2vec均值模型相比,分别提高7.3%及10.5%.

PHYSICAL MODELING FOR THE MECHANISMS OF BEAD FORMATION DEFECTS BASED ON THE STABILITY OF LIQUID METAL

Based on the theory of stability of the liquid metal under the action of surface tension,a physical mod- el is established for the mechanisms of the bead formation deferct’ humping’, which is generated during high - speed welding.A boundary function is introduced to correct the model,theoretical results got by the model correspond well with the experimental phenomena. A two - dimensional conducting model is adoopted in the simulation of the temperature field during high - speed welding.Finally, the factors acting upon the stability of liquid metal are analyzed.

英语联觉音学习意义与方法研究——以sn-所构词汇为例

针对现阶段联觉音语素应用不足、词汇学习效果不佳的窘境,文章引入sn-结构示例,简要阐述其隐喻性、象征性内涵,明确其在“口鼻”相关行为中的表现作用,深入分析联觉音学习的价值、意义,同时指出其融合应用可以显著降低英语词汇理解、接受难度,提升学习者对构词逻辑、规律的认知,帮助其拓宽词汇学习视野、思路。在此基础上归纳可用的联觉音学习方法,提出了挖掘形义连接关系、关注音义转换逻辑、建立文化认知视角等系列改进举措。

Gas infall in the massive star formation core G192.16–3.84

Previous observations have revealed an accretion disk and outflow motion in the high-mass starforming region G192.16–3.84, but collapse has not been reported before. Here we present molecular line and continuum observations toward the massive core G192.16–3.84 with the Submillimeter Array. C18 O(2–1) and HCO+(3–2) lines show pronounced blue profiles, indicating gas infalling in this region. This is the first time that infall motion has been reported in the G192.16–3.84 core. Two-layer model fitting gives infall velocities of 2.0±0.2 and 2.8±0.1 km s-1. Assuming that the cloud core follows a power-law density profile(ρ∝ r1.5), the corresponding mass infall rates are(4.7±1.7)×10-3 and(6.6±2.1)×10-3 M⊙yr-1 for C18 O(2–1) and HCO+(3–2), respectively. The derived infall rates are in agreement with the turbulent core model and those in other high-mass star-forming regions, suggesting that high accretion rate is a general requirement for forming a massive star.

WORD NEWS IN BRIEF(February 16-28, 1993)

In his first speech on February 17 to a joint session of Congress, US President Bill Clinton outlined his wision of smaller deficits through higher income taxes on the wealthy, increased energy taxes and selected spending cuts including a one-year freeze on federal pay. US Secretary of State Warren Christopher arrived in Cairo on February 18 to start his six nation Middle East tour which will also take him to Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arahia, Kuwait, Israel and Lebanon.