Solving Arithmetic Word Problems of Entailing Deep Implicit Relations by Qualia Syntax-Semantic Model

Solving arithmetic word problems that entail deep implicit relations is still a challenging problem.However,significant progress has been made in solving Arithmetic Word Problems(AWP)over the past six decades.This paper proposes to discover deep implicit relations by qualia inference to solve Arithmetic Word Problems entailing Deep Implicit Relations(DIR-AWP),such as entailing commonsense or subject-domain knowledge involved in the problem-solving process.This paper proposes to take three steps to solve DIR-AWPs,in which the first three steps are used to conduct the qualia inference process.The first step uses the prepared set of qualia-quantity models to identify qualia scenes from the explicit relations extracted by the Syntax-Semantic(S2)method from the given problem.The second step adds missing entities and deep implicit relations in order using the identified qualia scenes and the qualia-quantity models,respectively.The third step distills the relations for solving the given problem by pruning the spare branches of the qualia dependency graph of all the acquired relations.The research contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive approach combining explicit and implicit knowledge to enhance reasoning abilities.The experimental results on Math23K demonstrate hat the proposed algorithm is superior to the baseline algorithms in solving AWPs requiring deep implicit relations.

On Associative Meanings of Color-Related English Words from the Perspective of Cognitive Metaphor

As an important metaphor, metaphor of color-related English words regards color domain as source domain, and maps the color domain to non-colored abstract domain. This enables us to understand, think and discuss color-related concept. This paper studies the basic color-related English words through cognitive metaphor. The process of exploring the associative meanings of the color-related English words is in nature to understand the cultural connotation of color-related English words by means of cognitive metaphor under different cultural backgrounds.

θ-improved limited tolerance relation model of incomplete information system for evaluation of water conservancy project management modernization

The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.

Chinese emotional words in patients with major depressive disorder during a subliminal Stroop task An event-related potential study

Patients with major depressive disorder （MDD） develop a negative cognitive bias, but how they respond to information in Chinese emotional words is unclear. Here we used a Stroop paradigm with subliminal Chinese emotional words to explore the event-related potential components of abnormal emotional processing Jn patients with MDD. The correct rate was similar in MDD and normal control groups, but MDD reaction time was longer than the normal controls, especially to the negative and neutral stimuli. In N270, repeated-measure analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude and interactions between valence and electrode site. The peak amplitudes of the three kinds of words were different in the two groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the difference distributed in the frontal and left parietal-temporal sites across the scalp. In N400, there was a significant main effect of the relation electrode and valence on peak amplitude, and the latency showed a main effect of the electrode and an interaction between electrode and group. The amplitudes induced by type of words were significantly different from each other in both groups （positive 〉 negative 〉 neutral）. The topography of the difference waves indicated that the effect of relation type was primarily at left and right frontal and central and left parietal-temporal regions. Both MDD patients and normal controls exhibited significant emotional Stroop effects during the processing of positive/negative Chinese emotional words. MDD patients showed interference in emotional stimuli in early cognitive processing that induced psychological resource intervention during late emotional information processing.

3-D Animation as Applied to the Solving of Coupling Relations in the 6-DOF Parallel Robot

How to solve the coupling relations in a 6 - DOF parallel robot quickly and accurately within the limits of realtime control is a critical problem. In traditional analytic method, the complicated mathemtical model must first be constructed and then solved by programming.Obviously, this method is not very practical. This paper,therefore, proposes a new way of approach with a new method using 3- D animation for the solving of coupling relations in the 6 - DOF parallel robot. This method is much simpler and its solving accuracy approaches that of the more complicated analytic method.

The Characteristics of 30-60 Day Oscillation and Its Relations to the Interannual Oscillations

The characteristics of 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO ) of the outgoing longwave radiation data (OLR) and its relations to the interannual oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by using the daily OLR data for the period from January, 1979 to December, 1987 and the corresponding monthly SST data. It is found that the LFO the band the interannual oscillations of the SST monthly anomaly (SSTA) interact each other and they all relate to the occurrence and development of El Nino events closely. Before El Nino event happens, it contributes to the SST's wanning up and to the SST's quasi-biennial oscillation (called QBO for brevity) and three and half years oscillation (called SO for short) being in warm water phase in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific (ECP and EEP) that the LFO in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) enhances and propagates eastward; When El Nino event takes place, the LFO, SSTA and SSTA's QBO and SO in the EEP interact and strengthen each other; But the warmer SST and the SSTA's QBO and SO in the warm water phase in the EEP contribute to the LFO's weakening in the equatorial Pacific. Moreover, these contribute to the SST in the EEP becoming cold and the SSTA's QBO and SO in the EWP being in cold water phase and then impel the El Nino event to end.

How to Deal with New Words in Material——What is a Word and its Relations to the Reading

When you mention lexicology,absolutely it is a branch of linguistics,inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.The lexicologist Mc Carthy(1990)have given us his opinion about it.He said,grammar is important,and it indeed plays a vital rolein English study,but that is not all.In fact,tar from this.From this we can see,vocabulary and the study and learning of vocabularytake an outstanding place in the study of language,it will improve his skills of using reference books and raise his problem-solvingability and efficiency of individual study.And it will make you much more receptive and productive in language processing and lan-guage production.Knowledge of English Lexicology can offer a great help to the work of the teachers of English.Armed with thisknowledge,they can better control the teaching materials,especially the concerning words.They can also select and organize mate-rials to teach in a more effective way.What is more,they can make use of the different sense relations to group vocabulary,inter-pret words and explain meanings to the students;At last,their teaching will prove better if they have the knowledge of dictionaries.In my thesis,I will talk about how to deal with new words in material.

Dose-Injury Relation as a Model for Uncertainty Propagation from Input Dose to Target Dose

We study a general framework for assessing the injury probability corresponding to an input dose quantity. In many applications, the true value of input dose may not be directly measurable. Instead, the input dose is estimated from measurable/controllable quantities via numerical simulations using assumed representative parameter values. We aim at developing a simple modeling framework for accommodating all uncertainties, including the discrepancy between the estimated input dose and the true input dose. We first interpret the widely used logistic dose-injury model as the result of dose propagation uncertainty from input dose to target dose at the active site for injury where the binary outcome is completely determined by the target dose. We specify the symmetric logistic dose-injury function using two shape parameters: the median injury dose and the 10 - 90 percentile width. We relate the two shape parameters of injury function to the mean and standard deviation of the dose propagation uncertainty. We find 1) a larger total uncertainty will spread more the dose-response function, increasing the 10 - 90 percentile width and 2) a systematic over-estimate of the input dose will shift the injury probability toward the right along the estimated input dose. This framework provides a way of revising an established injury model for a particular test population to predict the injury model for a new population with different distributions of parameters that affect the dose propagation and dose estimation. In addition to modeling dose propagation uncertainty, we propose a new 3-parameter model to include the skewness of injury function. The proposed 3-parameter function form is based on shifted log-normal distribution of dose propagation uncertainty and is approximately invariant when other uncertainties are added. The proposed 3-parameter function form provides a framework for extending skewed injury model from a test population to a target population in application.

基于TF-IDF与word2vec的台词文本分类研究

为提高文本分类的准确性,针对健康节目台词文本各类别之间样本数量及各样本之间词数不平衡的特点,提出了一种基于word2vec均值算法及改进的词频-逆文本频率(TFIDF)算法的分类方法.该方法通过引入信息熵及修正因子,缓解了数据不平衡对分类准确率及召回率造成的不良影响.实验结果表明:所提出的分类方法在准确率及召回率上与word2vec均值模型相比,分别提高7.3%及10.5%.

词嵌入BERT-CRF玉米育种实体关系联合抽取方法

针对玉米育种文本数据中存在重叠三元组、实体表达方式多样等问题,提出一种嵌入词汇信息的BERT-CRF(Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers-conditional random field)玉米育种实体关系联合抽取方法。首先,分析了玉米育种语料表达特征,采用对实体边界、关系类别和实体位置信息同步标注的策略;其次,构建了嵌入词汇信息的BERT-CRF模型进行训练和预测,自建玉米育种知识词典,通过在BERT中嵌入词汇信息,融合字符特征和词汇特征,增强模型的语义能力,利用CRF模型输出全局最优标签序列,设计了实体关系三元组匹配算法(Entity and relation triple matching algorithm,ERTM),将标签进行匹配和映射来获取三元组;最后,为验证该方法的有效性,在玉米育种数据集上进行实验,结果表明,本文模型精确率、召回率和F1值分别为91.84%、95.84%、93.80%,与现有模型相比性能均有提升。说明该方法能够有效抽取玉米育种领域知识,为构建玉米育种知识图谱及其它下游任务提供数据基础。

Potential Toxicological and Cardiopulmonary Effects of PM2,5 Exposure and Related Mortality:Findings of Recent Studies Published during 2003-2013

Air pollution has environmental issue owing become a serious to its diverse harmful effects on the physical and biological environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） and the World Health Organization （WHO）, air pollution affects millions of people worldwide. Hundreds of thousands of deaths each year and a range of diseases, particularly among vulnerable groups （i.e., children, the elderly, and people with special medical conditions）, are attributed to air pollution. These effects are not always caused by single pollutant in the air; rather, they are considered consequences of the multi-pollutants to which people are simultaneously exposed.

Relations Between Stabilities and Structures of Closo Borane Dianions

An effective method to investigate the stabilities of a series of new closo-BnHn2- （n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30） was put forward with the aid of G96PW91/SHC calculations. Stabilities are related to the relative stabilized energies （RSE） and the 2e3c bound geometries of closo-BnHn2-. The structures in which a boron atom connects to four atoms up to seven are stable and appear in many borides because of the lower relative stabilized energy. In geometries, both triangular and quadrangular faces are in favor of forming the structures of closo-BnHn2-. The energies of optimized geometries support the existence of these new compounds. By employing both RSE and AE per boron atom in cage, the stabilities were studied to predict the probabilities of unknown clusters in existence. The electron-deficient clusters can be understood that the positive holes should be disperse to every triangular face and lead to share the holes, wherever there are not enough electrons to occupy them. The negative charges which anions carry distribute to 2e3c bonds to increase the stabilities.

Energy Balance-related Behaviors Are Related to Cardiometabolic Parameters and Predict Adiposity in 8-14-year-old Overweight Chinese Children One Year Later

To identify target energy balance-related behaviors（ERBs）,baseline data from 141overweight or obese schoolchildren（aged 8-14years old）was used to predict adiposity[body mass index（BMI）and fat percentage]one year later.The ERBs included a modified Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet score（DASH score）,leisure-time physical activity（PA,days/week）,and leisure screen time（minutes/day）.Several cardiometabolic variables were measured in the fasting state, including systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, blood glucose （GLU）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglycerides （TG）, low-density lipoprotein （LDL-C）, and high-density lipoprotein （HDL-C）.

The energetic relationship among geoeffective solar flares, associated CMEs and SEPs

Major solar eruptions （flares, coronal mass ejections （CMEs） and solar energetic particles （SEPs）） strongly influence geospace and space weather. Currently, the mechanism of their influence on space weather is not well understood and requires a detailed study of the energetic relationship among these eruptive phenomena. From this perspective, we investigate 30 flares （observed by RHESSI）, followed by weak to strong geomagnetic storms. Spectral analysis of these flares suggests a new power-law relationship （r - 0.79） between the hard X-ray （HXR） spectral index （before flarepeak） and linear speed of the associated CME observed by LASCO/SOHO. For 12 flares which were followed by SEP enhancement near Earth, HXR and SEP spectral analysis reveals a new scaling law （r - 0.9） between the hardest X-ray flare spectrum and the hardest SEP spectrum. Furthermore, a strong correlation is obtained between the linear speed of the CME and the hardest spectrum of the corresponding SEP event （r - 0.96）. We propose that the potentially geoeffective flare and associated CME and SEP are well-connected through a possible feedback mechanism, and should be regarded within the framework of a solar eruption. Owing to their space weather effects, these new results will help improve our current understanding of the Sun-Earth relationship, which is a major goal of research programs in heliophysics.

WORD NEWS IN BRIEF(February 16-28, 1993)

In his first speech on February 17 to a joint session of Congress, US President Bill Clinton outlined his wision of smaller deficits through higher income taxes on the wealthy, increased energy taxes and selected spending cuts including a one-year freeze on federal pay. US Secretary of State Warren Christopher arrived in Cairo on February 18 to start his six nation Middle East tour which will also take him to Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arahia, Kuwait, Israel and Lebanon.

WORD NEWS IN BRIEF(April 16-30, 1992)

China announced on April 16 its decision to send military observers and engineers to join UN transitional authorities in Cambodia. The contingent left Beijing on the same day. On April 21, Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori announced a 12-month plan to return Peru to democracy. He said he never intended to create a dictatorship when he launched his militarybacked crackdown on April 5 aimed at fighting corruption,

An event-related potential observation of preposition processing in Chinese: Is N280 a specific component for Chinese prepositions?

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that closed-class words, such as prepositions and conjunctions, induce a left anterior negativity （N280）, indicating that N280 should be a specific component of the word category. OBJECTIVE： To observe if Chinese prepositions and verbs exhibit different linguistic functions, to determine whether they are processed by different neural systems, and to verify that N280 is a specific component. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The observed neurolinguistics experiment was performed at Xuzhou Normal University between November and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen undergraduate students, comprising 8 females and 8 males, with no mental or neuropathological history, were selected. METHODS： A total of 15 verbs and prepositions were used as linguistic stimuli, and each verb and preposition was combined to produce four correct phrase collocations and four incorrect ones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Event-related potentials were recorded in the subjects while they read correct or incorrect phases flashed upon a video screen. RESULTS： Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the frontal site in a 230-330 ms window, as well as at the fronto-temporal and central sites in a 350-500 ms window. Neither exhibited significant differences in peak [F（1, 15） = 0.144, P = 0.710] and latency [F（1, 15） = 0.144, P= 0.710]. Both verbs and prepositions elicited negativity at the left and right hemisphere in a 270-400 ms window. CONCLUSION： There was no significant difference between Chinese prepositions and verbs in the neural system process and N280 was not the specific component for closed-class words.