A Brief Analysis of Ambiguity of Words' Meaning in Translation

As you can see from the title,we try to provide a brief analysis of ambiguity of words' meaning in translation practice,namely,what is ambiguity of a meaning of a word and how it is caused,and how it affects translation.What effective methods are available to help us achieve a successful translation? Although a perfect solution for the problems presented by the ambiguity of words' meaning is difficult to find,we try to do what it can to contribute to the solution and draw people's attention to those problems.

On How to Guess Meanings of Unknown Words in Reading Materials the Importance of Context

While reading plays a very important role in English study, many English language learners find it very difficult to fully comprehend some reading materials on account of many unknown words in them. This essay mainly discusses one technique of guessing meanings of new words according to context clues, thus emphasizing the importance of context.

The Meaning of Words Depends on the Context

This paper starts with stating the importance of context in understanding the meaning of words through the aspects as extra linguistic and linguistic context,which is followed by the analysis of the function of context in defferent time, place, situation and to different people. The purpose is to try and present the actual use of context in our daily life and enhance our awareness of the importance of the role of context.

The Special Meaning of Color Words in Chinese and Western Culture

In Chinese and western culture,color words are both as many as the sands in the Ganges river and stars in the blue sky.And its meanings have something in common and also something that is different.To find out the same points and differentias and to avoid mistakes in intercommunication,the writer will analysis the meanings of some main color words and makes an explain for the differences from the aspect of culture between Chinese and western countries by the means of comparison and analysis.After the analysis,the writer discovers that the meanings of the colors are basically different except the purple,and which are deeply affected by their each culture.And the meanings of them would change in the situation of intercommunication.Therefore,we should use these words properly.

Changes of Word Meaning in English-Generalization/Specialization and Pejoration/Amelioration

Changes of word meanings in English are often achieved by the processes of generalization/specialization and pejoration/amelioration.By generalization or specialization,the literal meanings of a word are broadened or narrowed.While by pejoration or amelioration,the associations of a word go downhill or rise.Trough supplying certain examples,a brief picture about meaning changes of words in English is drawn.

“Words”and“Meaning”in the Horizon of Philosophical Hermeneutics

The article holds that the problem of the relationship between"words"and"meaning"has always been the philosophical proposition.Through analyzing the relationship between"words"and"meaning"and probing into"disoourse","text"and"space-time history",the author thinks that the interpreters'preconceptions,preexistence,pre-structure and different perspectives have resulted in diverse forms of interpretations,and the being of each kind of form has its own rationality.Moreover,the process in which the interpreters interpret"words","discourse","text"and"history"is also the process to interpret themselves.Nevertheless,being able to say and being unable to say are soaked in the whole process of interpretation,and,as a result,human beings will always be confronted with a kind of"say and cannot say"embarrassment.

Some Symbolic Meanings of Color Words in Chinese and English Cultures

In Chinese and English languages, there are very abundant words that can describe different colors. Not only should we pay attention to their basic meanings, but also should pay attention to their profound symbolic meanings. Because the symbolic meanings of color words often have different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo to the colors after being guided, stretched and transferred by people. The big difference of the symbolic meanings of color between different cultures is due to the different nations, different cultures, different historical backgrounds, and different aesthetic psychologies. It is sanctified by usage in the sediment of history and the development of society. It is a kind of enduring culture phenomenon. From the angle of comparison between Chinese and English cultures, this essay attempts to probe into the development of different cultures has the impact on symbolic meanings of color words.

A Discussion On the Range of Meaning of English Words──An Approach to English Words Learning

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Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures,and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation.language is greatly influenced by social culture,which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics.Word is the smallest,independent,meaningful linguistic unit of language.It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics.From synchronic aspect,the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word.The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages.From diachronic aspect,the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent.Therefore,social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.

A Comparative Study on the Metaphorical Meanings and Translations of Green and绿

Language is not only a part of culture,but also the carrier and container of culture.However,due to differences in cultur⁃al background,customs,historical and geographical environment,language expression is also different.As a part of language,col⁃or words are usually endowed with corresponding metaphorical meaning.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the differences be⁃tween English and Chinese color words“green”and“绿”,and explores the translation methods of English and Chinese color words.

现代汉语贬抑性评价构式“破NP”研究

现代汉语中的“破NP”构式是主观性强的贬抑性评价构式,其构式义丰富,可分为直接贬抑、间接贬抑、假性贬抑、自我贬抑、反预期贬抑五种不同情况,这五种构式义与构素“NP”之间是互相选择的关系,从历时角度来看,“破NP”经过重新分析从动宾结构演变为定中结构,引发了“破”从动词到形容词的词性演变过程,最终“破”虚化为泛义形容词,“破NP”构式由此产生。在东北官话中,“破NP”构式常与方言特征鲜明的程度副词“老”结合成强贬抑性评价构式“老破NP”,“老破NP”构式又派生出“老NP”构式,属于纯粹的强贬抑性评价构式。“破NP”作为现代汉语中最常用的强贬抑性构式之一,其深层的构式义、词义演变过程及其在方言中的派生形式对于接受国际中文教育的留学生来说是很难理解的,因此我们希望通过对以上三个方面的探究修正留学生对“破NP”构式理解上的偏误,并激发留学生对中文当中其他语言现象含义及其演变过程的主动理解和探索。

《朱子语类》词语探释

语言是活的动态的,人们在一定对话语境中发出的言语或多或少所产生的语义变异由词汇语法层的不同形式来表达,具有脱口而出的“活”态。《朱子语类》是朱熹与其门人讲学问答的现场实录或事后追忆的纂辑,其所载“八字打开”“待人接物”“扛”“鲠直”“浃洽”“敛手束脚”“落窠槽”“念念不忘”“拌”“巧”“日头”“衰颓”“讨头”“习熟”“虚灵不昧”“絮”“仗节死义”“圳”“周遮”“筑磕”及相关词语既有旧言新词和历代刻本的文白差异,也有不同地域不同阶层所用词语的雅俗差异,反映了“言语意义←→语言意义”间互动交融的转化,在某种程度上也体现了语言←→人←→客观世界的错综关联及人们具体取舍的价值取向。

甲骨文典型细节特征研究

甲骨文为早期成体系的古代文字,字形仍然保留着较多的形象特征,书写大多不太固定,字形往往呈现出一些差异,如笔画多少不一、形体朝向不定、部件不固定、结构不定型等。但其中的关键细节相对比较一致,具体表现在笔画的曲直、笔画的长短、书写的方向、强化的特征、选取的对象以及部件的组合关系等方面。这些有意为之的细节,除了忠实记录着原始信息之外,也有不少出于区分字形和区别字义的考虑。典型细节中蕴含着的重要的构形信息,对字义的传达至为关键,对字形的演变产生了深远的影响。

融合词法句法信息的方面级情感分析模型

为解决现有方面级情感分析方法缺乏句法约束和词义信息的问题,将句法依存树和知识图谱融合起来对句子编码,提出一种词法句法相结合的图神经网络模型。利用图神经网络分别提取句法依存树中的句法信息和知识图谱中的词法信息,经过位置编码模块和掩码加权模块捕捉重要性更高的单词;将两种特征进行结合获得融合句法词法信息的文本表示,进行情感分类。在3个公开数据集上的实验结果验证了该模型的有效性。

基于word2vec和LSTM的饮食健康文本分类研究

为了对饮食文本信息高效分类,建立一种基于word2vec和长短期记忆网络(Long-short term memory,LSTM)的分类模型。针对食物百科和饮食健康文本特点,首先利用word2vec实现包含语义信息的词向量表示,并解决了传统方法导致数据表示稀疏及维度灾难问题,基于K-means++根据语义关系聚类以提高训练数据质量。由word2vec构建文本向量作为LSTM的初始输入,训练LSTM分类模型,自动提取特征,进行饮食宜、忌的文本分类。实验采用48 000个文档进行测试,结果显示,分类准确率为98.08%,高于利用tf-idf、bag-of-words等文本数值化表示方法以及基于支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)和卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network,CNN)分类算法结果。实验结果表明,利用该方法能够高质量地对饮食文本自动分类,帮助人们有效地利用健康饮食信息。

基于改进k-means算法的中文词义归纳

汉语中一词多义现象普遍存在,词义归纳就是对在不同语境中具有相同语义的词进行归类,本质上是一聚类问题。目前广泛采用无指导的聚类方法对词义归纳进行研究,提出一种改进的k-means算法,该算法主要从初始簇中心的选取以及簇均值的计算两个方面进行改进,在一定程度上克服了其对"噪声"和孤立点数据的敏感。在特征表示上用同义词词林中词的分类编号来降低特征维度。实验表明改进k-means算法在性能上有较大的提升,F-Score达到了75.8%。

结合语义改进的K-means短文本聚类算法

针对短文本聚类存在的三个主要挑战,特征关键词的稀疏性、高维空间处理的复杂性和簇的可理解性,提出了一种结合语义改进的K-means短文本聚类算法。该算法通过词语集合表示短文本,缓解了短文本特征关键词的稀疏性问题;通过挖掘短文本集的最大频繁词集获取初始聚类中心,有效克服了K-means聚类算法对初始聚类中心敏感的缺点,解决了簇的理解性问题;通过结合TF-IDF值的语义相似度计算文档之间的相似度,避免了高维空间的运算。实验结果表明,从语义角度出发实现的短文本聚类算法优于传统的短文本聚类算法。

基于K-means的机构归一化研究

分析k-means算法的核心思想和基本步骤,借鉴现有基于频繁词集的文本聚类初始中心确定方法,提出一种面向大规模机构名称归一化处理应用的机构聚类方法,详细阐述机构聚类中心的生成、相似度算法的选择以及迭代次数问题,其实验和应用效果表现良好。

基于聚类中心优化的k-means最佳聚类数确定方法

k-means聚类算法是在确定的聚类数k下对数据集进行聚类,通常凭借先验规则假定一个k值,取值具有很大主观性;此外,k-means初始聚类中心的选择一般也是随机的,这使得k-means聚类经常出现聚类指标局部最优化,聚类结果不稳定.针对以上两个问题,结合密度法改进了k-means初始聚类中心点的选择,并在此基础上提出了一种确定k-means最佳聚类数的方法.实验结果证明,该方法可以得到更好的聚类结果,具有更高的准确性、更好的稳定性以及更优的收敛性.