Strategic quality management is implemented in a local elevator company. Quality strategies, policies and goals focusing on customers′ needs are clearly established. Continuous quality improvement has been adopted as...Strategic quality management is implemented in a local elevator company. Quality strategies, policies and goals focusing on customers′ needs are clearly established. Continuous quality improvement has been adopted as the corporate strategy to improve its performance and competitive edge. This paper presents the successful implementation of a quality improvement project using the work study approach. On the completion of the project, the rate of serious defects which may lead to an accident is reduced by 55%, i.e., from 2%￣0.9% over a period of two years. A total of HK$ 1.1 million spent on the project is justified when compared with the reduction of financial risks involved. The success of the project demonstrates that the work study approach could be an effective tool for improving the performance of maintenance work.展开更多
Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed t...Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. Results A total of 13 variables（P〈0.1） were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The odds ratios（OR） of ＇work changing with season＇ and ＇sufficient rest time＇ did not reach 1（0.749 and 0.441, respectively）. In addition, ＇sufficient rest time＇ seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And ＇repetitive work every minute＇, ＇constantly repetitive work＇（every day）, ＇shortage of site personnel＇, and ＇often switching shifts with others＇ seemed to be the risk factors. Conclusion Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.展开更多
An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree...An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.展开更多
Based on a simulation model of a semiconductor manufacturer, operator-machine ratio （OMR） analysis is made using work study and time study. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that labor utilization decreases ...Based on a simulation model of a semiconductor manufacturer, operator-machine ratio （OMR） analysis is made using work study and time study. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that labor utilization decreases with the increase of lot size. Meanwhile, it is able to identify that the OMR for this company should be improved from 1 ： 3 to 1 ： 5. An application result shows that the proposed model can effectively improve the OMR by 33%.展开更多
Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry meth...Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry method is one of the work study methods which is appropriate for recording shorter cyclic processes and is based on statistical sampling theory. Determination of cyclic times and work performances of standard cyclic construction machines （SCCM） is one of key assumptions of dynamic planning of machine work on every construction site. Calculation methods of SCCM work performances arc one of basic research objects in the field of construction organization and technology. Study shows applied chronometry method in work of standard cyclic construction machine. Goal of this study is to accomplish regulation through measured time cycle and compare measured effects with effects obtained with standard methodology of calculating hydraulic excavator practical achievement for gaining regulation in order to determine main reasons which effect work performance on site.展开更多
文摘Strategic quality management is implemented in a local elevator company. Quality strategies, policies and goals focusing on customers′ needs are clearly established. Continuous quality improvement has been adopted as the corporate strategy to improve its performance and competitive edge. This paper presents the successful implementation of a quality improvement project using the work study approach. On the completion of the project, the rate of serious defects which may lead to an accident is reduced by 55%, i.e., from 2%￣0.9% over a period of two years. A total of HK$ 1.1 million spent on the project is justified when compared with the reduction of financial risks involved. The success of the project demonstrates that the work study approach could be an effective tool for improving the performance of maintenance work.
基金supported by the Research Fund from National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of the People’s Republic of China(2014BAI12B03)Major Project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology(PXM2014-178304-000002-00131228)
文摘Objective In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） and work organization based on a case-control study. Methods A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors. Results A total of 13 variables（P〈0.1） were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The odds ratios（OR） of ＇work changing with season＇ and ＇sufficient rest time＇ did not reach 1（0.749 and 0.441, respectively）. In addition, ＇sufficient rest time＇ seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And ＇repetitive work every minute＇, ＇constantly repetitive work＇（every day）, ＇shortage of site personnel＇, and ＇often switching shifts with others＇ seemed to be the risk factors. Conclusion Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.
基金financially supported by Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technologies and University of Joensuu
文摘An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.
文摘Based on a simulation model of a semiconductor manufacturer, operator-machine ratio （OMR） analysis is made using work study and time study. Through sensitivity analysis, it is found that labor utilization decreases with the increase of lot size. Meanwhile, it is able to identify that the OMR for this company should be improved from 1 ： 3 to 1 ： 5. An application result shows that the proposed model can effectively improve the OMR by 33%.
文摘Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry method is one of the work study methods which is appropriate for recording shorter cyclic processes and is based on statistical sampling theory. Determination of cyclic times and work performances of standard cyclic construction machines （SCCM） is one of key assumptions of dynamic planning of machine work on every construction site. Calculation methods of SCCM work performances arc one of basic research objects in the field of construction organization and technology. Study shows applied chronometry method in work of standard cyclic construction machine. Goal of this study is to accomplish regulation through measured time cycle and compare measured effects with effects obtained with standard methodology of calculating hydraulic excavator practical achievement for gaining regulation in order to determine main reasons which effect work performance on site.
