Exploring Work-Related Stress and Coping Strategies among Omani Nurses Working in Tertiary Governmental Hospitals at Muscat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nursing. Other researchers noted that 35.1% of nurses globally experienced elevated stress levels. Stress can damage well-being and lead to coping, which can, directly and indirectly, improve well-being through a perceived state. Nurses need coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels and maintain stability. Coping mechanisms can vary greatly depending on a nurse’s culture and background. Numerous findings indicate that managing stress is more critical than the cause of stress and that the more successful a stress-management approach, the less damage stress brings. Objective: In response to this, it is necessary to explore Omani nurses’ stress level and their coping strategies working in tertiary governmental hospitals in Muscat. Methods: The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design from 15 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Samples were selected through proportionate population sampling (PPS) from the five selected tertiary hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires using a perceived stress scale and Ways of Coping. A simple random sample within a stratum (each hospital admitting ward) was done to identify the study participants. The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. Results: About 83.3% of participants had a moderate perceived level of stress with an overall mean perceived stress level of 18.46 ± 4.52. The most common sources of perceived stress are feeling nervous and “stressed” in the last month (2.30 ± 0.95). According to the ways of coping strategies, nurses seemed to be resorting to more “planful problem” (mean = 11.04) and least was seeking social support (mean = 9.67). Conclusion: This study highlighted the work-related stress level of staff nurses, explored their ways of coping and determined the relationship between work-related stress levels and methods of coping. The key finding of this study was that the frequency of stress reported by nurses was high enough to suggest that their stress levels were significant, given the demanding nature of their profession that requires maximum attention. Additionally, nurses seemed to resort to more planful problem-solving mechanisms to deal with their stressful situations than other coping strategies.

The Naples-Questionnaire of Work Distress (nQ-WD): Bullying at workplace, organizational dysfunctions and bio-psycho-social effects

The aim of this study is to elaborate a tool, the “Naples-Questionnaire of Work Distress” (nQ-WD), in order to evaluate the conditions of discomfort perceived in the working field. It tries to differentiate the dysfunctional phenomena more tied to the anomalies of the interpersonal relationships (bullying at work-place) from the phenomena more clearly related to organizational dysfunctions. The inventory measures the overall effects of these two areas on the subject and the spin-off in term of bio-psycho-social functioning. The questionnaire has been administered to a group of 178 workers who showed a work-related psychopathological disturbance and to a control group of 178 subjects without exposure to bullying at workplace or to organizational distress. The statistical analysis demonstrated degree of significant validity and reliability. The degree of internal coherence of the answers proposed is satisfactory. The ROC curves allow the determination of a threshold value which allows separating the workers subjected to mobbing and/or organizational stress from control-workers with an optimal reliability degree. The values of the area under the ROC curves show that the inventory has a high discriminating capacity.

Is It Workplace Stress a Trigger for Alcohol and Drug Abuse?

Those workers most vulnerable to pressure tend to suffer from scarce social and personal resources with which to respond adaptively to stress. In this case, the effects of psychoactive substances may exceed the stressed worker’s positive expectations. Thus, the aim is to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between drug abuse and workplace stress, based on an integrative review of the literature. Data were collected in February 2016 from the databases of the Virtual Health Library and PubMed. The final sample of 16 articles was divided into two categories: alcohol and drugs abuse in professions with high degree of psychosocial hazards and risks, and alcohol and drugs abuse for workplace stress in other professions. A relationship between precarious conditions, the nature of the work and its influence on drug abuse could be seen. However, other variables may strengthen psychoactive drug use as a coping strategy for stress.

The Association of Stress with the Socio-Economic Factors of Individuals That Attended the Taxpayers’ Appreciation Week 2018, Kampala Uganda

Introduction: Work-related stress has increased in nine European Union (EU) countries in the last ten years. Eighty (80%) percent of the general population in European countries believes that work-related stress will rise in the coming five years. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the various levels of stress with the socio-economic elements among individuals that participated in Uganda’s tax payer’s appreciation week in the year 2018 held in Kampala. Methodology: This study applied a cross-sectional study design that unified quantitative research methods and a convenience sampling method were used in this study to gather the information from the 390 respondents. Data were examined using SPSS version 20;univariate and bivariate analysis were done to measure the association between stress and the participant’s socio-economic factors. Results: Respondents who were employed recorded the majority with a percentage of 60%, while the unemployed recorded the minority with a percentage of 40%. Respondents who were employed were more likely to experience low stress as compared to those who were unemployed, under the category of moderate stress, respondents who were employed were more likely to be moderately stressed as compared to their unemployed counterparts, as for the category of high stress, unemployed respondents were more likely to be highly stressed than those that were employed and this was not statistically significant (X2 =2.374;p-value = 0.305). Conclusion: The results from this research indicated that there was no significant association between the socioeconomic factors of the respondents with stress levels. Recommendations: More community sensitization and awareness should be carried out to educate individuals about stress and its impacts on health.

Co-effect of Demand-control-support Model and Effort-reward Imbalance Model on Depression Risk Estimation in Humans: Findings from Henan Province of China

Objective To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support （DCS） model and Effort-reward Imbalance （ERI） model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used respectively. Methods A total of 3 632 males and 1 706 females from 13 factories and companies in Henan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire （Chinese version）. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）. Results DC （demands/job control ratio） and ERI were shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. The outcome of low social support and overcommitment were similar. High DC and low social support （SS）, high ERI and high overcommitment, and high DC and high ERI posed greater risks of depressive symptoms than each of them did alone. ERI model and SS model seem to be effective in estimating the risk of depressive symptoms if they are used respectively. Conclusion The DC had better performance when it was used in combination with low SS. The effect on physical demands was better than on psychological demands. The combination of DCS and ERI models could improve the risk estimate of depressive symptoms in humans.

Defining Stress among Corrections Professionals

Corrections professionals experience high levels of acute and chronic work-related stress. This stress leads to increased mental and physical illness, early disability and mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Reducing stress requires identifying and prioritizing factors that contribute to it. Corrections professionals (n = 296) working at six different Oregon Department of Corrections facilities completed a cross-sectional survey, including demographics, work history and validated stress and occupational constructs. The outcome of perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4 Short Form). Using a linear mixed effects regression model, we found that perceived stress increases with increased work-related stress (p = 0.02), work hours (p = 0.03), operational stressors (p = 0.002), and lack of procedural injustice (p = 0.03) and decreases with more time employed at current facility (p = 0.06), improved job satisfaction (p < 0.001), and among married or partnered individuals (p = 0.05). Identifying these predictors of stress can inform the development of policy changes to mitigate the stress of this challenged work force.

Which stressors are responsible for the worsening in the clinical symptomatology of lupus?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test which stressors worsen the symptoms perceived by patients with lupus, thus broadening and corroborating results obtained in a previous study published in Psychosomatic Medicine. Methods: In order to examine this question, we selected 43 patients with lupus whose symp-toms worsened due to the effects of daily stress. These patients were divided into two groups: patients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors on the same day (G1) and pa-tients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors the day before and the same day (G2). Later, three factorial analyses were con-ducted with the items related to stressors and the items related to lupic symptoms. Results: The results showed that in G1 there were three factors that made up a total of 35.08% of the explained variance. The stressors associated with certain symptoms of the illness in this group are feeling ill or being worried about their physical appearance, with the main stressor being the illness itself. However, in G2, two factors were found that made up a total of 40.37% of the explained variance for lag=0 and 38.67% for lag=1. The stressors associated with the majority of the lupus symptoms are of an interpersonal and work-related nature. This as-sociation was maintained when we carried out the factorial analyses with the items of the symptoms from the following day. Conclusions: The interpersonal and work-related stressors are related to a worsening in the majority of the lupic symptoms in the patients whose sympto-matology worsens as a result of daily stress experienced the day before.

Patient satisfaction and occupational health of workers in hospital care setting: Associations and reciprocity

Research studies conducted in the healthcare sector usually examine patients’ and workers’ wellbeing as separate entities;however, recent studies have revealed significant correlations between, for example, patient satisfaction, workers stress and burnout. The present study examines the relationships between patient perceived quality of care (in terms of satisfaction with regard to accessibility, organizational efficiency and humaneness of care), and workers’ perceived quality of organizational life (in term of organizational support and availability of resource and reward), quality of relationship in the work-unit (superior and coworkers), quality of relationship with patients (disproportionate client expectations and customer verbal aggression) and individual health (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, job satisfaction). 147 workers and 132 patients from seven hospital wards in northern Italy constitute the data base for the study. Analyses showed that accessibility and humaneness of care were negatively associated with disproportionate patient expectations, patient verbal aggression, emotional exhaustion and positively associated with availability of material recourses. Moreover, accessibility was also positively associated with the organizational support while organizational efficiency with support from colleagues. Globally, the results of the present study confirm that staff wellbeing is an essential aspect in relation to the patient perception of the quality of care and supporting the assumption that healthy organizations improve the wellbeing of their workers, their organizational performance and the quality of their service at the same time.

Executive Stress

Executives are all facing their mental pressures and strains from the internal and external environments.In order to keep companies growing healthier,executives should be trained or taught some effective solutions that can reduce their stresses and pressures.This research paper,based on the analysis of two sources of executive stress,aims to emphasize that regular exercise,work and life balance and power delegation could effectively reduce these executive stresses.

工作相关疾病和职业紧张相关知识知晓情况调查

目的:初步了解人群工作相关疾病和职业紧张相关知识的知晓情况。方法:采取电子问卷方式调查职业人群工作相关疾病和职业紧张相关知识的知晓情况,于2021年1—4月通过多个社交平台发布调查问卷二维码,截至2021年5月1日收集有效问卷179份。比较不同职业状态人群对工作相关疾病的定义、病因、常见类型知识的知晓率,对职业紧张相关知识的定义、可能的因素、职业紧张的表现、职业紧张缓解方式知晓率。结果:调查人群对工作相关疾病定义的知晓率为21.23%,对职业紧张定义的知晓率为10.06%;各职业状态人群对工作相关疾病的病因工作繁重、夜班的知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各职业状态人群对工作相关疾病的可能的因素工作安排,职业紧张缓解方式充足睡眠、体育运动,职业紧张的表现睡眠障碍、家庭人际关系问题的知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:调查人群工作相关疾病和职业紧张定义知晓程度较低,应增加工作相关疾病和职业紧张相关知识的宣传教育。

医院工作场所暴力对医护人员工作压力影响的调查研究

目的了解医护人员遭受医院工作场所暴力的情况,探讨医院工作场所暴力对医护人员工作压力的影响。方法使用医院工作场所暴力调查表和工作压力量表,调查3家综合性医院工作至少1年的1 880名在职医护人员,了解医院工作场所暴力发生情况和医护人员的工作压力水平。结果医护人员在医院工作场所遭受暴力的发生率为57.6%。暴力组医护人员的工作压力及5个维度的得分均高于非暴力组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心理暴力组医护人员的工作压力得分随着暴力频次的增加呈上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医护人员在医院工作场所遭受暴力的风险很高,而且医院暴力对医护人员的工作压力造成了深刻的影响,有必要采取相关措施减少医院工作场所暴力的发生。

养老护理员工作压力研究现状与进展

养老护理员所承受的工作压力已成为一种职业风险,本文综述了工作压力对养老护理员身心健康、工作满意度及工作倦怠等的影响,了解养老护理员工作压力的相关因素,为今后养老机构对护理员的有效管理和队伍建设提供依据。

工作心理控制源、压力源对护士压力反应影响

目的探讨工作心理控制源、压力源对护士工作压力反应的影响。方法以377名护士为调查对象,采用工作心理控制源量表、工作压力反应量表和护士工作压力源量表进行调查分析。结果(1)工作心理控制源与压力反应及其3个维度评分呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.302,0.289,0.281,0.151;(2)外控性与内控性护士的压力反应得分差异有统计学意义(F=18.478,P<0.001)。(3)工作心理控制源、压力源与压力反应得分存在交互效应,在高压力源情况下,外控性与内控性护士的压力反应差异有统计学意义(t=19.899,P<0.001);不同压力源水平下,外控及外控倾向性护士的压力反应差异有统计学意义(t=14.032,P<0.001)。结论优化归因方式可有效缓解护士的工作压力反应。

护理人员情绪劳动现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解护理人员情绪劳动的现状及其影响因素,为护理管理者实施相关干预提高工作效率提供参考。方法采用护士情绪劳动量表、工作压力反应量表及工作满意度量表,对195名护理人员进行问卷调查。结果护士情绪劳动总得分为(49.87±12.77)分,得分率59.37%。年龄、所在科室、工作年限、班次、对专业的兴趣、对专业的前景态度影响护士情况劳动得分(P<0.05,P<0.01)。情绪劳动与工作压力反应得分呈正相关,与工作满意度呈负相关(均P<0.01)。影响护士情绪劳动得分的独立因素包括工作压力、所在科室。结论护理人员情绪劳动处于中等偏高水平,尤其是工作压力反应较大的科室护士,有必要采取有效的干预措施进行干预。

腕踝针治疗工伤创伤后应激障碍的疗效

目的研究腕踝针治疗工伤所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的疗效及安全性。方法将62例工伤PTSD患者分为观察组(n=30)和对照组(n=32)。观察组予腕踝针及口服帕罗西汀治疗,对照组予单纯口服帕罗西汀治疗。在治疗前及治疗6、12周后,分别进行PTSD临床监测量表(CAPS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定。结果治疗后,两组CAPS、HAMD和HAMA评分均明显优于治疗前(P<0.01),观察组各量表评分减分率大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腕踝针能提高工伤所致PTSD的疗效。

机场安检人员工作压力源及影响因素研究

探讨国内机场安检人员的工作压力源,为开展航空安全心理援助提供有效的依据。通过运用叙述统计分析、主成分分析、t检定、因子分析、多变量分析等方法对机场安检人员工作压力进行分析。对机场安检人员调查问卷进行数据统计的基础上,将采集的有效数据导入SPSS14.0进行检验,Bartlett球形检验结果(2χ=269.713,P=0.000<0.01,KMO值=0.533>0.5),表明采集数据各个变量之间是独立的,适用于进行主成分分析。主成分分析结果表明"人际关系"因子、"工作负荷"因子和"设备及法令法规"因子为机场安检人员的主要压力源。工资收入和工作年限对压力源有显著的影响。工资越低的人感觉工作负荷越大。工作年限10年以上的人在"工作负荷"和"设备与法令规定"因子感受较强烈。调查问卷设计合理,涵盖了较为全面的职业压力信息,所获压力因子具有一定的客观性和代表性。

CCU与心内科护士工作压力及其应对方式调查与分析

目的:了解不同层次的CCU与心内科护士的工作压力源及其应对方式,以提高护士的应对能力和工作效率以及护理质量。方法:采用问卷调查法,选取北京市4所三级甲等医院的126名心内科和CCU临床护士参与本研究。结果:调查对象工作压力处于较高状态,主要源于工资及其他福利待遇低;心内科护士较CCU护士工作压力更大,在工作量及时间分配上二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);高中或中专学历的护士在护理专业及工作方面压力比大专护士高(P<0.05);护师职称的护理人员在工作量及时间分配、病人护理方面较护士压力大(P<0.05)。结论:建议从管理角度有针对性地对不同层次、不同科室护士给予相应的干预以减少其工作压力,改进在职教育方式,加强沟通。

护士长工作压力及其影响因素

目的 探讨护士长工作压力水平及其影响因素。方法 采用问卷调查法，调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的200名护士长的工作压力水平及其影响因素。结果 护士长的工作压力为中等水平（2．07±0．29）分，其首要工作压力为工作量及时间分配方面（2．45±0．49）分，最大压力源为非护理性工作太多（2．58±0．68）分；影响护士长工作压力的最大因素为担任护士长职务的喜好程度（解释量为12．8％），另外还有因管理工作占用休息时间和对家庭耽误的程度、家庭成员的支持度以及收入多少的程度、护士长的职务、学历等。结论 护士长的工作压力为中度，并受多因素影响，应增加护理人员编制，简化管理流程和烦琐的护理文书工作；加强对护士长的培训，包括管理知识、人际沟通、人文学科和有关压力的应对技巧等；提拔和培养护士长时，应尽可能尊重其个人意愿和家庭背景；关注高学历的护士长、区护士长等压力较大的护士长群体及其压力成因。

护士工作压力及其影响因素调查分析

目的探讨护士工作压力水平及其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查法，调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的235名护士的工作压力水平及其影响因素。结果护士的工作压力为中等水平，其首要工作压力来自工作量及时问分配方面；影响护士工作压力的一般因素包括：工作喜欢程度、超时工作、志愿的选择、学历、家庭成员的支持度、自我健康评价及消极应对方式。结论护士的工作性质已给其带来一定的压力，并受多因素的影响，建议应根据护士的工作状况合理配备护理人员编制，增加病区辅助人员，简化繁琐的护理文书工作；加强护士积极应对技巧培训，多关注高学历护士的压力成因，并进一步探讨其压力的形成原因，针对性采取相应的干预措施而保护其身心健康。