Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

Effect of Working Experience on Air Traffic Controller Eye Movement

Eye movement is an important indicator of information-seeking behavior and provides insight into cognitive strategies which are vital for decision-making.Various measures based on eye movements have been proposed to capture humans’ability to process information in a complex environment.The effectiveness of these measures has not yet been fully explored in the field of air traffic management.This paper presents a comparative study on eye-movement measures in air traffic controllers with different levels of working experience.Two commonly investigated oculomotor behaviors,fixation and saccades,together with gaze entropy,are examined.By comparing the statistical properties of the relevant metrics,it is shown that working experience has a notable effect on eye-movement patterns.Both fixation and saccades differ between qualified and novice controllers,with the former type of controller employing more efficient searching strategies.These findings are useful in enhancing the quality of controller training and contributing to an understanding of the information-seeking mechanisms humans use when executing complex tasks.

“They Call Me Mother”——Experiences of working on cases of juvenile delinquency

Iam a judge, working on cases of juvenile delinquency since September 1987. At the same time, I am a mother. Not only my own children call me "mother," but also many of the youngsters whom I have tried and sentenced. As a mother, I’m sympathetic towards these youngsters who have taken a misstep in life. As a judge,

Examining perception of job satisfaction and intention to leave among ICU nurses in China

Objectives:Previous studies in China's Mainland found ICU nurses to be less satisfied with their jobs and more inclined to leave them than are nurses in other hospital units.We aimed to determine ICU nurses'perspectives on the factors that influence job satisfaction and whether or not to continue working in the ICU.Methods:Nine ICU nurses were asked five open-ended questions to elicit the nurses'perspectives on job satisfaction and intentions to leave.Data were analyzed according to the process described by Knafl and Webster(1988).Core concepts were identified using the constant comparative method.Results:Two themes emerged as major influences on job dissatisfaction:1)stress experienced from excessive workload demands and the ICU work environment,and 2)a lack of respect and recognition for the nurses'work.Two themes emerged as major influences on job satisfaction:1)recognition of work,and 2)professional opportunities and relationships with coworkers.The effects of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the nurses'intentions to leave their jobs varied,although three categories were identified.Conclusions:For ICU nurses in China,sources of job dissatisfaction are potentially remedied with simple interventions.Adequate staffing is necessary but not sufficient for a positive work environment.Administrators should address the factors that directly affect their nurses'levels of job satisfaction,as it will ultimately result in less staff turnover and greater patient care.

Hot-wire experimental investigation on turbulent Prandtl number in a rotating non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer

This experiment used a parallel array of hot wire probes to simultaneously measure the temperature and velocity fields in the non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer of a rotating straight channel. The Reynolds numbers are 15,000 and 25,000, respectively. The rotation numbers are 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28, respectively. The purpose of this study is to calculate the turbulent Prandtl number in a rotating non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer. Due to the difficulty in measuring local turbulent Prandtl numbers, this study focuses on the average turbulent Prandtl numbers in the logarithmic region instead. Under static conditions, this value is taken as 0.9 normally. This research finds that rotation conditions can affect the turbulent Prandtl number by affecting the properties of velocity and temperature boundary layers. The change range of the turbulent Prandtl number is roughly 0.6–1.1. The influence of the leading side is greater than that of the trailing side, especially at high rotation numbers. This can provide validation and guidance for numerical simulation. Other information within the turbulent boundary layer is also discussed. It is hoped that this study would enhance our understanding of the mechanism of turbulent flow in the turbulent layer at rotating conditions.