The Right to Work of Chinese Ethnic Minorities:Replies to Concerns and Suggestions of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies

The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies have repeatedly raised concerns about the Chinese government’s fulfillment of its obligations to safeguard the right to work of ethnic minorities, including the insufficiency of materials, the asymmetry of employment conditions between migrating Han and other ethnic groups, as well as so-called pervasive discrimination against non-Han ethnic workers. The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies raised these concerns based on various facts and the rationality of their suggestions differ. China has replied accordingly. China should continue to reply based on the facts, and it should accept those suggestions that are reasonable and on facts.When addressing suggestions that are not based on facts, we should identify the nature of the problems and eliminate misunderstanding by clarifying the facts and encouraging friendly dialogue.

Focusing on Building Bases,Improving Human Rights Work

Over the course of a whole day, all the candidate organizations introduced their work and respondedto inquiries from panel members. The selection meeting was smooth and successful.

For Better Procuratorial Work to Protect Human Rights

The Chinese Constitution calls for respecting and protecting human rights. And accordingly, people＇s procuratorates across the country take judicial protection of human rights as their primary task. They are contributing to the development of China＇s human rights cause by getting involved in cracking down on crimes in violation of human rights while seeking to improve their own work.

Prospects Great for Work of Chinese Human Rights Theorists

Here we are, at this springtime, at Tianjin-based Nankai University for this, the Second NationalConference for Experience-Sharing by Human Rights Studies Institutions. This gathering is an event of great importance to academic studies of human rights in China, highlighting the liveliness and vitality characteristic of our work.

Prison Management Works Hard to Bring Human Rights under Good Protection

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Human rights protection in prisons is an important part of China＇s National Human Rights Action Plan and the human rights conditions in prisons constitute an important hallmark of the human rights protection level of the country. In order to get to know more about human rights protection in this special area, this reporter paid a visit to the No. 4 Prison in Henan Province, central China.

Chinese Citizens' Right To Work and Social Security Effectively Protected——An interview with Zheng Silin, minister of labor and social security

Following is an interview by staff reporters of the Human Rights magazine with Zheng Silin, Chinese minister of labor and social security. The interview was meant in part to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the implementation of the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China that falls on January 1,2005. We are publishing this transcript with a view to providing our readers with information about how China has worked persistently to protect citizens' right to work and social security and the achievements it has made in this regard. We need to remind our readers of the fact that back in March 2004, the National People's Congress, China's highest legislature, approved a recommendation for revision of China's Constitution. In accordance with the recommendation, the Constitution had one more clause added: The state shall establish and improve a social security system commensurate to the level of the economic and social development.

Strengthening International Cooperation, Working for World Human Rights Development——Speech at the opening ceremony of the 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium, July 13, 2014

The 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium opened today in Beijing. On behalf of the State Council Information Office, I would like to express my warmest con- gratulations on the opening of the forum, extend my welcome to Ms. Herta Daeubler-Gmelin and other German friends and my gratitude to symposium organizers and all participants for your long-term contribution to communication and exchange in human rights between China and Germany.

Responsibilities and Working Mechanism of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases

On July 22, 2014, the second group of national human rights education and train- ing bases was announced,increasing the number of national bases from the previous three to a total of eight, which reflects the advancement of human rights education and ~aining in China and has far-reaching significance.

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

NFT数字作品交易行为的“发行属性”与适用规则

NFT数字作品交易方兴未艾,但侵权问题频现,亟需合理的规制路径。NFT技术促进数字作品交易客体特定化并产生准物权变动的效果,使NFT数字作品区别于一般数字作品与传统作品,为发行权扩张提供了技术性支撑。但发行权的扩张尚面临诸多困境,包括“有形载体”要件的阻碍、“所有权转移要件”标准不明、发行权与信息网络传播权在数字环境中存在重叠等。基于此,应当厘清数字环境中发行权与信息网络传播权的关系;细化NFT数字作品交易领域的发行权适用标准,完成从“有形载体”到“作品与载体相对应”的转变,明确“出售”及“所有权转移”的认定;以“转让+删除”技术及征收版权转售费作为辅助手段,完成发行权在NFT数字作品交易中的嬗变与适用。

馆藏绝版作品数字化传播的规范进路

国家图书馆与北京三面向公司著作权纠纷案让馆藏绝版作品的数字化传播问题引起社会关注。为保护著作权并调和社会公共利益,避免破坏正常市场运作机制,我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》规定了馆藏绝版作品数字化传播的合理使用制度。从实施情况看,条例对适格客体条件与传播范围的限制过于严苛,存在违反基本公共服务均等性要求和违背利益平衡原则等问题。借鉴新修订《日本著作权法》中的相关条款,建议我国对于馆藏绝版作品的数字化传播规范宜采取如下改革措施:一是扩大合理使用的范围,建立覆盖馆内、馆际、馆外的传播体系,并设置匹配的补偿机制;二是优化客体适用条件,建立“绝版作品”的动态认定机制;三是探索建立以国家图书馆为枢纽的绝版作品数字化传播运行机制。

数字作品转售的版权风险与制度应对

数字作品转售市场的发展,需要以发行权用尽原则向数字环境的扩张为基础。以控制权转移为核心的数字作品转售依托下载方式开展,使复制权侵权风险成为数字发行的阻碍。在司法实践中,欧盟与美国法院对计算机软件交易中的必要下载行为予以豁免,但认定计算机软件之外的数字作品转售侵犯复制权。《世界知识产权组织版权条约》与我国著作权法存在适用数字发行权用尽的空间。在立法上,通过合理使用制度对数字作品转售中必要下载行为予以豁免,辅以删除管理技术,将实现发行权向数字环境合理扩张。

生育新政下工作母亲就业困境与支持体系构建

工作母亲(特指已生育且在业的女性)既要参与社会劳动,又要承担生育和照顾儿童的主要责任,必然带来职业与养育之间的矛盾冲突,陷入“生育歧视”与“母职惩罚”等种种就业困境。我国“三孩”生育新政的实施使工作母亲的职育矛盾凸显,平等就业问题更突出。因此,宜通过完善法律政策体系、建立成本共担机制、催化社会力量担当、重建家庭内部分工等方式为工作母亲构建一个合理的平等就业支持体系。

体育赛事转播的著作权法保护研究——以广播组织权为分析中心

对体育赛事转播的保护,司法实践倾向于采用将体育赛事节目认定为作品的方式,但该做法对“独创性”判断标准依赖较强,且与“著作权-邻接权”的二元区分逻辑也稍有相悖,难以用来规范赛事传播中的盗播行为。相较而言,广播组织权作为规制盗播的天然制度工具,能够较好地实现对传播行为的保护。但是,随着网络转播的普及,网播组织已成为赛事转播的重要主体,碍于其不属于广播组织者,导致广播组织权无法全面保护体育赛事转播。有鉴于此,可参照国际层面共识和立法经验,扩大广播组织权的主体保护范围,使网播组织能够适用《著作权法》第47条,以广播组织权为基础性保护手段,同时结合其他保护方式,全面保障体育赛事转播权益。

著作权侵权之精神损害赔偿探讨

作品体现作者的思想和人格,故著作权包含了著作人格权。而根据侵权法基本原理,侵犯人格权,给被侵权人造成严重精神损害的,可以诉请精神损害赔偿。在我国,在以下情形下,法院应该判处精神损害赔偿:一是侵犯作者人格权,导致其姓名权、名誉权、隐私权损害的,后果严重时,法院应该判处精神损害赔偿,以保护作者的人格权。二是行为人“故意”或“屡次”侵犯同一作者的著作财产权时,法院也应该判处精神损害赔偿,以惩罚侵权人,威慑其下次再犯。三是毁损作品之载体(孤稿),导致作品无法再现的,侵犯发表权的,法院也应该判处精神损害赔偿,以抚慰作者受损的心灵。

体面劳动指标构建与经济特区平稳发展

体面劳动是国际劳工组织(ILO)在全球化背景下针对劳动群体提出的战略性措施,与我国“以人为本”的发展理念高度契合。文章以中国经济特区为例,探讨体面劳动与中国经济特区的联系,从企业创新、社会公平率、外资投入、政府注意力四个方面,分析体面劳动与中国经济特区发展之间的逻辑关系。通过构建理论模型,研究发现:体面劳动可以促进企业创新,社会公平率、外资投入与体面劳动具有双向的因果关系,而政府注意力能够促进体面劳动的实现。

数字时代劳动者离线权的保障进路与制度构建

在数字时代,信息技术的发展使劳动脱离了职场时空的限制。劳动者无法断开与工作的联系,成为世界性的问题。为了制衡信息时代雇主权力的滥用,保障劳动者的休息权、健康权、隐私权以及个人生活安宁权,提高劳动者的工作效率,越来越多的国家赋予劳动者离线权。我国亦有必要在比较域外离线权实现方式之利弊的基础上,结合国情分析离线权入法的必要性,进而构建本土化的离线权法律制度。

绿色建筑施工质量控制的要点与对策研究

现代建筑工程管理内容复杂,随着技术进步、社会发展,绿色建筑得到了较以往更多的关注,这就要求做好绿色建筑施工质量控制。首先分析绿色建筑施工质量控制的要点,在此基础上分析其质量控制问题,最后结合上述内容,探讨相关问题的应对策略,就确保质量控制全程化、明确质量控制重点、构建有效的奖惩机制、清晰落实工作权责等措施进行论述,为绿色建筑施工质量控制以及工程总体建设效益提供保障。

NFT数字作品转售行为的法律规制

我国即将进入数字资产二级交易阶段,NFT数字作品转售行为作为二级市场中主要的交易行为,尚存在行为法律属性模糊、利益分配机制缺失和交易平台身份混乱等现实困境。这些现实困境是由当下NFT数字作品转售模式所导致,作品与数字载体的一体化、交易模式转变和NFT交易市场监管真空是NFT数字作品转售行为出现现实困境的根本原因。为避免不当的转售行为对权利人和社会公共利益造成损失,建议通过明确数据财产权的权利内容、赋予著作权人有限的追续权益、构建NFT数字作品交易平台规则等方式,合理规制NFT数字作品转售行为,有效促进我国NFT二级交易市场的流通与发展。

作品元素商品化利用的法律规制——兼论对独立商品化权益的否定

著作权法和商标法在保护知名作品元素的顾客吸引力方面存在空白,但对这一空白地带单独赋权的正当性存疑。盗用理论不能证成作品权利人具有应受保护的利益,其依托的劳动财产权学说也过分夸大了赋权的好处。经过赋权成本和收益的权衡可以发现,不管是激励创作开发还是纠正低效使用,其带来的收益都是不确定的,因为在著作权之外另行设立商品化权益存在着重复激励以及损害竞争自由的问题,故单独赋权并不合理。对作品元素商品化利用的规制,仍然需要著作权法和商标法的共同发力。前者在认定虚拟角色等作品元素的可版权性时门槛不宜过高,否则容易造成反法一般条款的滥用。后者要以禁止混淆误认为核心,重视商品的类似性,但不应要求作品元素事先进行了额外的商品化活动。