Flow characteristics and hot workability of a typical low-alloy high-strength steel during multi-pass deformation

Heavy components of low-alloy high-strength(LAHS) steels are generally formed by multi-pass forging. It is necessary to explore the flow characteristics and hot workability of LAHS steels during the multi-pass forging process, which is beneficial to the formulation of actual processing parameters. In the study, the multi-pass hot compression experiments of a typical LAHS steel are carried out at a wide range of deformation temperatures and strain rates. It is found that the work hardening rate of the experimental material depends on deformation parameters and deformation passes, which is ascribed to the impacts of static and dynamic softening behaviors. A new model is established to describe the flow characteristics at various deformation passes. Compared to the classical Arrhenius model and modified Zerilli and Armstrong model, the newly proposed model shows higher prediction accuracy with a confidence level of 0.98565. Furthermore, the connection between power dissipation efficiency(PDE) and deformation parameters is revealed by analyzing the microstructures. The PDE cannot be utilized to reflect the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution during the entire deformation process, but only to assess the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution in a specific deformation parameter state.As a result, an integrated processing map is proposed to better study the hot workability of the LAHS steel, which considers the effects of instability factor(IF), PDE, and distribution and size of grains. The optimized processing parameters for the multi-pass deformation process are the deformation parameters of 1223–1318 K and 0.01–0.08 s^(-1). Complete dynamic recrystallization occurs within the optimized processing parameters with an average grain size of 18.36–42.3 μm. This study will guide the optimization of the forging process of heavy components.

Enhancing constitutive description and workability characterization of Mg alloy during hot deformation using machine learning-based Arrhenius-type model

Hot deformation is a commonly employed processing technique to enhance the ductility and workability of Mg alloy.However,the hot deformation of Mg alloy is highly sensitive to factors such as temperature,strain rate,and strain,leading to complex flow behavior and an exceptionally narrow processing window for Mg alloy.To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional Arrhenius-type(AT)model,this study developed machine learning-based Arrhenius-type(ML-AT)models by combining the genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and artificial neural network(ANN).Results indicated that when describing the flow behavior of the AQ80 alloy,the PSO-ANN-AT model demonstrates the most prominent prediction accuracy and generalization ability among all ML-AT and AT models.Moreover,an activation energy-processing(AEP)map was established using the reconstructed flow stress and activation energy fields based on the PSO-ANN-AT model.Experimental validations revealed that this AEP map exhibits superior predictive capability for microstructure evolution compared to the one established by the traditional interpolation methods,ultimately contributing to the precise determination of the optimum processing window.These findings provide fresh insights into the accurate constitutive description and workability characterization of Mg alloy during hot deformation.

Experimental study on workability and permeability of sandy soils conditioned with thickened foam

Water spewing and muck plugging often occur during earth pressure balance(EPB)shield machines tunnelling in water-rich sandy strata,even though the conventional foam has been employed to condition sandy soils.In this study,a novel thickened foaming agent suitable for EPB shield tunnelling in water-rich sandy strata is developed.In contrast to conventional foam-conditioned sands,the thickened foam-conditioned sand has a low permeability due to the consistent filling of soil pores with the thickened foam,and the initial permeability coefficient decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude.It also exhibits a suitable workability,which is attributed to the enhanced capability of the thickened foam to condition sandy soils.In addition,the effect of concentration on the stability of the foam is explained by the Gibbs-Marangoni effect,and conditioning mechanisms for the thickened foam on sands are discussed from the evolution of foam bubbles.

Revealing the grain size dependent hot workability and deformation mechanisms in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy

Despite the industrial significance of grain size for enhancing mechanical properties and formability,the in-depth deformation mechanisms at elevated temperature are still unclear.To investigate the functions of grain size on hot workability and deformation mechanisms,three groups of Mg-1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy specimens with different grain sizes were hot compressed and then studied by combining constitutive model,processing map and microstructural observations.The results showed that the enhanced hot workability accompanying low deformation activation energy and small instability regime was obtained with refined grain size.During hot deformation,the decreased grain size in Mg1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy mainly improved the plastic deformation homogeneity,especially for the weakened local straining around grain boundaries.As a result,the dynamic recrystallization nucleation and texture development at lower strain level were influenced by the initial grain size.At higher strain magnitude,the growth and coarsening of dynamic recrystallized grains would further release strain localization and improve hot workability,while the texture was less impacted.Further,unlike the primary basal slip and deformation twinning in the specimen with coarse grain at low temperature,non-basal slips of dislocations were initiated with less deformation twins in the specimens with refined grain size.

An Experimental Investigation on Workability and Bleeding Behaviors of Cement Pastes Doped with Nano Titanium Oxide (n-TiO 2) Nanoparticles and FlyAsh

In this study,the workability of cement-based grouts containing n-TiO 2 nanoparticles and fly ash has been investigated experimentally.Several characteristic quantities(including,but not limited to,the marsh cone flow time,the mini slump spreading diameter and the plate cohesion meter value)have been measured for different percentages of these additives.The use of fly ash as a mineral additive has been found to result in improvements in terms of workability behavior as expected.Moreover,if nano titanium oxide is also used,an improvement can be obtained regarding the bleeding values for the cement-based grout mixes.Using such experimental data,a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network model has been developed(5 neurons in the hidden layer of the network model have been developed using a total of 42 experimental data).70%of the data employed in this model have been used for training,15%for validation and 15%for the test phase.The results demonstrate that the artificial neural network model can predict Marsh cone flow time,mini slump spreading diameter and plate cohesion meter values with an average error of 0.15%.

Workability and Strength of Ceramsite Self-Compacting Concrete with Steel Slag Sand

This study focuses on the workability and compressive strength of ceramsite self-compacting concrete with fine aggregate partially substituted by steel slag sand(CSLSCC)to prevent the pollution of steel slag in the environment.The SF,J-ring,visual stability index,and sieve analysis tests are primarily employed in this research to investigate the workability of freshly mixed self-compacting concrete containing steel slag at various steel slag sand replacement rates.The experiment results indicate that CSLSCC with the 20%volume percentage of steel slag(VPS)performs better workability,higher strength,and higher specific strength.The 7-day compressive strength of CSLSCC with the 0.4 of the water-binder ratio(W/B),decreases with the increase of steel slag content,while the 28-day compressive strength increases significantly.The ceramsite self-compacting concrete with good comprehensive performance can be obtained when the substitution rate of steel slag sand for fine aggregate is less than 20%(volume percentage).

Workability and Durability of Concrete Incorporating Waste Tire Rubber:A Review

Environmental problems caused by waste tires are becoming increasingly prominent.There is an urgent need to find a green way to dispose of waste tires,and scholars have made considerable efforts in this regard.In the construction industry,rubber extracted from waste tires can be added to concrete to alleviate environmental problems to a certain extent.As a new building material,rubber concrete has superior properties compared to ordinary concrete and has been widely used in many fields.Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the effect of waste tire rubber on the performance of concrete.It has been reported that the addition of waste tire rubber has a significant influence on the performance of concrete.Workability influences the hardened performance of rubber concrete,especially the durability.Based on the current research results,the workability and durability of concrete manufactured with waste tire rubber,including water absorption and permeability,carbonation resistance,chloride ion permeability resistance,and freeze-thaw resistance,are summarized in this paper.It is concluded that the addition of waste tires has a negative effect on the workability of concrete.In terms of durability,concrete exhibits better chloride ion penetration resistance and frost resistance,with a higher water absorption rate,and lower anti-permeability and carbonation resistance owing to the addition of waste tire rubber.

附加用水量对再生砂混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响

再生砂掺量和附加用水量对新拌和硬化再生砂混凝土的性能有重要影响。本工作制备了再生砂掺量(γRFA)为30%、50%、70%、100%(质量分数,下同),附加用水量补偿系数(kwa)为0.6、0.75、0.9、1.0的16组再生砂混凝土,测试了这些再生砂混凝土的工作性(坍落度、扩展度与扩展时间)与力学性能(抗压、劈拉强度与弹性模量),分析了kwa和γRFA对再生砂混凝土性能的影响规律,获得了kwa的合理取值范围。结果表明,随着kwa的降低,再生砂混凝土的工作性下降,力学性能增大;γRFA对混凝土力学性能的影响与附加用水量有关,在中低附加用水量(kwa=0.6、0.75)条件下,随着γRFA的增加,再生砂混凝土的部分力学性能指标增大且其值高于天然砂混凝土,而在高附加用水量(kwa=0.9、1.0)下,再生砂混凝土的力学性能随着γRFA的增加呈线性降低。γRFA低于50%对再生砂混凝土力学性能的影响较小,kwa值在0.75~0.9范围变化对再生砂混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响均相对较小。

再生细骨料混凝土的性能研究进展

合理使用再生细骨料(以下简称RFA)可同时解决建筑垃圾的资源化利用问题和天然砂、石过度开采引起的环境问题。介绍了RFA的颗粒形状、空隙率、吸水率、有害物质含量等性能,总结了RFA的性能强化措施,综述了再生细骨料混凝土(以下简称RFAC)的工作性、力学性能和耐久性能,并对其机理进行了分析,可为RFA的进一步推广应用提供参考。

流变学参数表征湿喷混凝土工作性研究进展

为提高工作性对湿喷混凝土施工性能(可输送性、可喷性)的指导作用,归纳了现有各种技术规范的工作性要求,回顾了流变特性与可喷性相关性研究进展,探讨了流变性能时变机制,总结了时变模型发展现状。结果表明,坍落度无法协调可输送性与可喷性工作性需求矛盾,流变学参数应用效果优于坍落度;屈服剪切应力增加,一次喷射厚度变大,回弹率减小;塑性黏度降低,管道输送压力减小,可输送性变好,但屈服剪切应力、塑性黏度与密实度的相关性尚需深入研究;主流的流变性能时变模型为指数、对数、线性、幂函数等经验公式,应加强有物理意义的模型推导;时变预测模型缺乏有效验证手段,应重点研发速凝体系下湿喷混凝土流变性能的原位评估方法。

MgO膨胀剂对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)工作性的影响及其机理研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)因卓越的耐久性能和力学性能而在工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,UHPC收缩性较大,限制了其进一步推广和发展。氧化镁(MgO)膨胀剂具有膨胀稳定、活性可控的特点,并且与UHPC相适应,因此被视为有良好应用前景的UHPC膨胀剂。本研究旨在探讨不同活性和掺量的MgO膨胀剂对UHPC工作性的影响,并通过XRD和SEM等手段进一步解释不同活性MgO膨胀剂对UHPC工作性的影响机理。研究结果表明,在掺入MgO膨胀剂的UHPC中,在低速剪切下观察到剪切稠化现象,而在高速剪切下观察到剪切稀化现象。与水泥颗粒相比,MgO膨胀剂颗粒对水具有更强的吸附能力。因此,MgO膨胀剂的活性越高,UHPC的流动性降低越显著,且UHPC的动态屈服应力增加,这在实际工程中需要更多的泵送能量。

钢渣细度对混凝土耐久性能影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。本研究以不同粒径的钢渣粉为掺合料,制备了C30混凝土,研究了钢渣粉粒径对混凝土耐久性的影响。实验结果表明:混凝土内部孔隙主要集中在100~1000 nm,且孔的数量随着钢渣粉的细化而不断减少,其10~100 nm左右的孔隙随着钢渣的细化而增多。钢渣的掺入可改善混凝土的工作性;随着钢渣不断细化,混凝土的7、28及56 d抗压强度均呈现出先降低后增加的趋势,其56 d抗压强度由50.4 MPa降低到了37.8 MPa又不断增加到40.32、42.84、45.36及48.4 MPa,随着钢渣细度由23.1μm不断减小到16.8、12.2、10.1、4.2μm钢渣活性由75%增加到了96%。冻融循环100次后,未掺钢渣组的混凝土质量损失为7.6%,当掺入30%钢渣后,混凝土的抗冻性能减弱,随着钢渣细度的变化,混凝土的抗冻性能不断增强,当细度为10.1、4.2μm时其质量损失降低到了7.4%及6.1%。钢渣的掺入能够促进混凝土对CO_(2)的固化封存能力,增强混凝土的抗压强度,钢渣越细混凝土抗碳化能力越强。

钢纤维对海上风电灌浆料及灌浆连接段模型性能的影响研究

开展了不同体积掺量的钢纤维对海上风电灌浆料以及小型灌浆连接段模型力学性能影响的研究。结果表明:当钢纤维掺量为1.0%时,能在保障灌浆料工作性和微膨胀性能的基础上,灌浆料的28 d抗折强度和抗压强度相较于未掺钢纤维时分别提高了65.4%和31.0%,且灌浆连接段模型的极限承载力和极限位移分别提高了12.0%和15.5%,有效提高了灌浆料的延性;灌浆连接段模型在轴心荷载作用下,主要受力和变形部位为内筒上部剪力键和外筒下部,在今后的灌浆连接段设计中,可对该部位进行适当加强,以便充分发挥灌浆连接段的整体性能。

火山渣粒径和DPS掺量对轻骨料混凝土性能的影响

以火山渣作为粗骨料制备了轻骨料混凝土,研究了火山渣粒径(4.75~9.50、4.75~19.00、4.75~26.00 mm)对轻骨料混凝土坍落度、吸水率和抗压强度的影响,优选出了最佳火山渣粒径。在此基础上,研究了渗透结晶型无机防水剂(DPS)的掺量(0、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)对轻骨料混凝土性能的影响,并分析了其作用机理。结果表明:随着火山渣粒径的增大,轻骨料混凝土的坍落度降低,吸水率增大,抗压强度先增大后减小,最佳火山渣粒径为4.75~19.00 mm;随着DPS掺量的增加,轻骨料混凝土的坍落度和吸水率降低,抗压强度增大;掺入适量DPS可以有效提高混凝土基体的密实度,从而改善混凝土的性能。

低碳复合胶凝材料对水泥和混凝土性能的影响

将粉煤灰和矿粉按不同质量比(m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)=7∶3、6∶4、5∶5)制备成了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料,研究了其等质量替代15%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料需水量比、流动度比和活性指数的影响,优选出了最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)。在此基础上,研究了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料等质量替代0、10%、15%、20%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料标准稠度用水量和凝结时间的影响,以及等质量替代0、10%、20%、30%、40%的水泥对C50混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在水泥中掺入适量低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料有效改善了胶凝材料体系的工作性,延缓了早期(3 d)水化速度,提高了胶砂7 d、28 d抗压强度,最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)为5∶5;随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加,胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量变化很小,凝结时间延长;C50混凝土的坍落度随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加而增大,7 d和28 d抗压强度先增大后减小,最佳掺量为30%。

反垄断视野下数据开放与隐私保护的冲突与协调

数据是数字经济发展的重要驱动力,数字平台之间的竞争大多围绕数据展开。为释放数据要素价值、规范数字市场竞争,数据开放与隐私保护几乎同时进入反垄断法的视野。数据开放试图以恢复性救济化解数据垄断难题,隐私保护作为竞争考量因素也被纳入反垄断法的规制框架,然而二者在反垄断实践中常难两全。作为反垄断救济措施的数据开放可能因权利保障不足、责任缺位等造成隐私泄漏与侵犯;隐私保护也可被头部平台企业作为拒绝数据开放的竞争抗辩理由。这实质上是数据双重属性、数据主体价值取向差异以及数据竞争行为规制局限性等多重因素共同作用的结果。反垄断法的多维调整目标与数据开放隐私保护二者协调的底层逻辑具有共通性,兼顾市场竞争与规模经济的有效竞争理论可作为冲突调和的基本向导。在此基础上,进行适度的数据开放和合理的隐私保护,方能寻求并实现二者之间的最佳平衡。

Effect of initial microstructure on hot workability of 7085 aluminum alloy

The hot workability of 7085 aluminum alloys with different initial microstructures （as-homogenized and as-solution treated） was studied by isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature ranging from 300 to 450 ℃ and the strain rate ranging from 0.0001 to 1 s 1. The strain rate sensitivity of the alloy was evaluated and used for establishing the power dissipation maps and instability maps on the basis of the flow stress data. The results show that the efficiency of power dissipation for the as-homogenized alloy is lower than that of the as-solution treated alloy. The deformation parameters of the dynamic recrystallization for the as-homogenized and as-solution treated alloy occur at 400 ℃, 0.01 s i and 450 ℃, 0.001 s-1, respectively. The flow instability region of the as-homogenized alloy is narrower than that of the as-solution treated alloy. These differences of the alloys with two different initial microstructures on the processing maps are mainly related to the dynamic precipitation characteristics.

Material driven workability simulation by FEM including 3D processing maps for magnesium alloy

The three-dimensional （3D） processing maps considering strain based on the two-dimensional （2D） processing maps proposed by PRASAD can describe the distribution of the efficiency of power dissipation and flow instability regions at various temperatures, strain rates and strains, which exhibit intrinsic workability related to material itself. Finite element （FE） simulation can obtain the distribution of strain, strain rate, temperature and die filling status, which indicates state-of-stress （SOS） workability decided by die shape and different processing conditions. On the basis of this, a new material driven analysis method for hot deformation was put forward by the combination of FE simulation with 3D processing maps, which can demonstrate material workability of the entire hot deformation process including SOS workability and intrinsic workability. The hot forging process for hard-to-work metal magnesium alloy was studied, and the 3D thermomechanical FE simulation including 3D processing maps of complex hot forging spur bevel gear was first conducted. The hot forging experiments were carried out. The results show that the new method is reasonable and suitable to determine the aoorooriate nrocess narameters.

粉煤灰掺量对全再生自密实混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响

本文使用再生粗骨料全部替代天然粗骨料,用粉煤灰分别替代20%、30%、40%、50%和70%(质量分数)水泥,制备了不同水胶比(0.36、0.40和0.45)的全再生自密实混凝土,通过抗折强度试验和抗压强度试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量和水胶比对全再生自密实混凝土性能的影响规律,得到了粉煤灰的合理掺量,提出了适用于全再生自密实混凝土抗折强度的计算公式。结果表明:当粉煤灰掺量由20%增至40%时,所有全再生自密实混凝土拌合物的坍落扩展度呈先增加后降低趋势,且均表现出良好的间隙通过能力,但混凝土拌合物扩展时间T_(500)受粉煤灰的影响不显著;随着粉煤灰掺量增加,全再生自密实混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈先增加后降低趋势,抗折强度受粉煤灰掺量的影响程度要高于抗压强度;全再生自密实混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度受水胶比的影响程度相同;综合粉煤灰掺量对全再生自密实混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响,建议粉煤灰对水泥的取代率为30%。

骨料种类对超高性能混凝土性能影响机理研究

骨料优选可以弥补超高性能混凝土(UHPC)成本高、收缩大的缺陷。本文先以不同体积比河砂和陶砂混掺制作UHPC,并进行测试,确定陶砂替代河砂体积率为12.5%~25.0%时UHPC性能优异。然后利用石英砂、河砂和陶砂单掺及陶砂替代河砂体积率12.5%混掺制备UHPC,采用宏细观测试手段分析骨料对UHPC性能影响机理。结果表明,轻骨料内养护作用不仅能降低UHPC收缩,还可以显著改善界面区孔隙结构,提升混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和抗压强度。河砂骨料相比石英砂骨料主要区别在表面结构特征更粗糙和不规则,由其制备的UHPC工作性能稍差,但界面区孔隙结构更优。采用熵权法以坍落度、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和56 d收缩为综合评价指标,虽然河砂骨料UHPC抗压强度高于石英砂骨料UHPC,但在其他方面存在劣势。陶砂替代河砂体积率在12.5%~50.0%时,混掺骨料UHPC综合性能高于石英砂骨料UHPC。