This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary...This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary public hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were investigated and seven critical categories,namely indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,ultraviolet(UV) irradiation intensity,use of disinfectants,sterilization of medical items,and effects of steam sterilizer,were monitored.The average qualified rates were(94.74±3.54)%(810/855),(97.25±1.65)%(1 876/1 929),(87.57±4.60)%(2 508/2 864),(95.00±4.50)%(1 196/1 259),and(98.76±1.14)%(1 599/1 619) for indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,UV irradiation intensity,and sterilization of medical items,respectively.In terms of other categories,a few samples were not qualified:3/1 575 for use of disinfectants and 1/243 for effects of steam sterilizer.The hospital disinfection monitoring and supervision program effectively improved the effectiveness of disinfection.Routine monitoring and supervision must be conducted to ensure a safe hospital treatment environment.展开更多
It is known that exposed surface determines material’s performance.WO3 is widely used in gas sensing and its working surface is proposed to control its sensitivity.However,the working surface,or most exposed surface ...It is known that exposed surface determines material’s performance.WO3 is widely used in gas sensing and its working surface is proposed to control its sensitivity.However,the working surface,or most exposed surface with detailed surface structure remain unclear.In this paper,DFT calculation confirmed that oxygen vacancy O-terminated surface is the most exposed hexagonal WO3(001)surface,judging from competitive adsorption of CO and O2,working surface determination for CO sensing and comparison of oxygen vacancy formation ene rgies on different h-WO3(001)surfaces.It is found that DFT can be a useful alternate for exposed surface determination.Our results provide new perspectives and performance explanations for material research.展开更多
The effect of surface roughness on the oxidation behavior of a directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy was investigated by surface mapping microscope,scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.It was foun...The effect of surface roughness on the oxidation behavior of a directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy was investigated by surface mapping microscope,scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.It was found that specimens with surface roughness of 0.05 urn exhibit the best oxidation resistance,while specimens with surface roughness of 0.14 μm behave worse than specimens with surface roughness of 0.83 μm.The specimens with surface roughness of 0.05 μm have the best oxidation resistance,which is mainly due to the smallest surface area exposed in air and thinnest work-hardening layer.The AlOlayer alleviates the oxidation process of the specimens with surface roughness of 0.83 μm,and this is the possible reason for the better oxidation resistance of samples with surface roughness of 0.83 μm than samples with surface roughness of 0.14 μm.展开更多
Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the l...Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the local charge effect of the targeted spot which is normally smeared out in conventional average work function measurements. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine （CIA1Pc）, an important optoelectronic molecule with a permanent dipole moment pointing from the Pc ring to the ending CI atom, adsorbed on Au（111） in either Cl-up or Cl-down configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements revealed that at the centers of Cl-up and CI-down molecules, the local work functions changed oppositely with respect to the Au（111） substrate. At their Pc lobes, however, the local work functions unanimously increased due to charging effect of the indole lobes in the CIAIPc molecule.展开更多
文摘This survey was designed to assess the sanitation status of hospitals and the compliance of hospital staff to disinfection strategies within the past 11 years.A total of 199 provincial affiliated tertiary or secondary public hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were investigated and seven critical categories,namely indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,ultraviolet(UV) irradiation intensity,use of disinfectants,sterilization of medical items,and effects of steam sterilizer,were monitored.The average qualified rates were(94.74±3.54)%(810/855),(97.25±1.65)%(1 876/1 929),(87.57±4.60)%(2 508/2 864),(95.00±4.50)%(1 196/1 259),and(98.76±1.14)%(1 599/1 619) for indoor air,work surface,hand hygiene,UV irradiation intensity,and sterilization of medical items,respectively.In terms of other categories,a few samples were not qualified:3/1 575 for use of disinfectants and 1/243 for effects of steam sterilizer.The hospital disinfection monitoring and supervision program effectively improved the effectiveness of disinfection.Routine monitoring and supervision must be conducted to ensure a safe hospital treatment environment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61971252,20703027)Excellent Youth Fund of Shandong Province(No.ZR201709200070)+2 种基金Foundation of Shandong Educational Committee(No.J09LB06)Shandong excellent young scientist research award fund(No.BS2011NJ004)open project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials。
文摘It is known that exposed surface determines material’s performance.WO3 is widely used in gas sensing and its working surface is proposed to control its sensitivity.However,the working surface,or most exposed surface with detailed surface structure remain unclear.In this paper,DFT calculation confirmed that oxygen vacancy O-terminated surface is the most exposed hexagonal WO3(001)surface,judging from competitive adsorption of CO and O2,working surface determination for CO sensing and comparison of oxygen vacancy formation ene rgies on different h-WO3(001)surfaces.It is found that DFT can be a useful alternate for exposed surface determination.Our results provide new perspectives and performance explanations for material research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51201164)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA03A511)
文摘The effect of surface roughness on the oxidation behavior of a directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy was investigated by surface mapping microscope,scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.It was found that specimens with surface roughness of 0.05 urn exhibit the best oxidation resistance,while specimens with surface roughness of 0.14 μm behave worse than specimens with surface roughness of 0.83 μm.The specimens with surface roughness of 0.05 μm have the best oxidation resistance,which is mainly due to the smallest surface area exposed in air and thinnest work-hardening layer.The AlOlayer alleviates the oxidation process of the specimens with surface roughness of 0.83 μm,and this is the possible reason for the better oxidation resistance of samples with surface roughness of 0.83 μm than samples with surface roughness of 0.14 μm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 91527303, 21333001,21373020, 61321001)MOST(Nos.2013CB933404,2014CB239302),China
文摘Work function plays a significant role in surface chemistry. Local work function provides the information of local d/pole-d/pole interaction and charge distribution between adsorbates and substrate, highlighting the local charge effect of the targeted spot which is normally smeared out in conventional average work function measurements. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine （CIA1Pc）, an important optoelectronic molecule with a permanent dipole moment pointing from the Pc ring to the ending CI atom, adsorbed on Au（111） in either Cl-up or Cl-down configuration. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements revealed that at the centers of Cl-up and CI-down molecules, the local work functions changed oppositely with respect to the Au（111） substrate. At their Pc lobes, however, the local work functions unanimously increased due to charging effect of the indole lobes in the CIAIPc molecule.
