The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features ...The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.展开更多
调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资...调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资,教学目标注重培养学习者技能、终身学习理念以及抛锚式教学模式,这对于在线课程建设和教学具有借鉴意义。展开更多
Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models ...Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.展开更多
MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(...MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on paper.Herein,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser scribing.With a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper MSCs.Furthermore,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive performance.The heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.展开更多
Robot calligraphy visually reflects the motion capability of robotic manipulators.While traditional researches mainly focus on image generation and the writing of simple calligraphic strokes or characters,this article...Robot calligraphy visually reflects the motion capability of robotic manipulators.While traditional researches mainly focus on image generation and the writing of simple calligraphic strokes or characters,this article presents a generative adversarial network(GAN)-based motion learning method for robotic calligraphy synthesis(Gan2CS)that can enhance the efficiency in writing complex calligraphy words and reproducing classic calligraphy works.The key technologies in the proposed approach include:(1)adopting the GAN to learn the motion parameters from the robot writing operation;(2)converting the learnt motion data into the style font and realising the transition from static calligraphy images to dynamic writing demonstration;(3)reproducing high-precision calligraphy works by synthesising the writing motion data hierarchically.In this study,the motion trajectories of sample calligraphy images are firstly extracted and converted into the robot module.The robot performs the writing with motion planning,and the writing motion parameters of calligraphy strokes are learnt with GANs.Then the motion data of basic strokes is synthesised based on the hierarchical process of‘stroke-radicalpart-character’.And the robot re-writes the synthesised characters whose similarity with the original calligraphy characters is evaluated.Regular calligraphy characters have been tested in the experiments for method validation and the results validated that the robot can actualise the robotic calligraphy synthesis of writing motion data with GAN.展开更多
Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)research has provided ample evidence that cognitive complexity is an important aspect of task design that influences learner’s performance in terms of fluency,accuracy,and syntactic ...Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)research has provided ample evidence that cognitive complexity is an important aspect of task design that influences learner’s performance in terms of fluency,accuracy,and syntactic complexity.Despite the substantial number of empirical investigations into task complexity in journal articles,storyline complexity,one of the features of it,is scarcely investigated.Previous research mainly focused on the impact of storyline complexity on learners’oral performance,but the impact on learners’written performance is less investigated.Thus,this study aims at investigating the effects of narrative complexity of storyline on senior high school students’written performance,as displayed by its complexity,fluency,and accuracy.The present study has important pedagogical implications.That is,task design and assessment should make a distinction between different types of narrative tasks.For example,the task with single or dual storyline.Results on task complexity may contribute to informing the pedagogical choices made by teachers when prioritizing work with a specific linguistic dimension.展开更多
This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using L...This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using LIWC(Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count)as a text analysis tool,the study explores the impact of LIWC categories on writing performance which is scaled by score.The results show that the simple LIWC word categories have a significant positive influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students;while complex LIWC word categories have a significant negative influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students but a significant positive influence on the composition scores of higher-grade students.Process word categories have a positive influence on the composition scores of all three grades,but the impact of complex process word categories increases as the grade level rises.展开更多
Rehabilitation is a medical discipline which is needed wherever people have lost full functionality, and it is needed increasingly in noncommunicable diseases, such as neurological problems, but also, and perhaps more...Rehabilitation is a medical discipline which is needed wherever people have lost full functionality, and it is needed increasingly in noncommunicable diseases, such as neurological problems, but also, and perhaps more importantly, in middle- and high-income countries, where populations are growing more aged. The burden is borne by the health care systems, especially where family cannot take the full load of care. Rehabilitation is also a discipline which is carried out most effectively in multi- or interdisciplinary teams, which carry their own weight of learning and group tensions. They are also bound to consider best practice guidelines. Furthermore, there is also a wide gap between learning in college or university and practice in the ward which leads to a loss of confidence in newly trained medical and paramedical personnel such as doctors, nurses, physiatrists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists. There is a genuine need for expert rehabilitation specialists who can mediate within teams as well as between groups and patients and their families. This paper lays out the range of considerations such a rehabilitation therapist must have under their belt. A model is presented. There are also two sets of parameters when using the model in practice. The first is the levels at which it works: hospital, departmental and individual. Then there are the specific challenges. Curriculum practice guidelines work at the hospital and departmental and professional levels;teamwork with its intrinsic challenges is of paramount importance;finally, the individuals will learn how to represent their insights in writing, most specifically represented in full-blown case reports. If the levels and roles coordinate, rehabilitation medicine should develop favourably.展开更多
第一部分语言基础(共两节,满分30分)第一节单句语法填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)1.We all expressed our congratulations to him____________his success.2.They will include introductions to a wide range writing___________...第一部分语言基础(共两节,满分30分)第一节单句语法填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)1.We all expressed our congratulations to him____________his success.2.They will include introductions to a wide range writing___________styles,from poetry to play writing.3.You should go back to your__________(origin)plan.4.She figured___________both she and Mike had learned a lot from the lecture.5.In the evenings,we___________(gather)around the fireplace and talked.展开更多
This study was conducted with non-English sophomore students,aiming to explore the effects of different interaction combinations and language levels on continuous writing in an online environment,and compare the diffe...This study was conducted with non-English sophomore students,aiming to explore the effects of different interaction combinations and language levels on continuous writing in an online environment,and compare the differences in lexical alignments and composition quality of learners with different interaction combinations and language levels in the same continuous writing task through experiments.The results show that the mean values of the word-phrase alignment of the paired group were higher than those of the individual group in different interaction combinations,and the two groups showed significant differences;in terms of composition quality,the individual group was better than the paired group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of task continuation.Secondly,the word-phrase alignment and composition scores of the different language-level groups were higher than those of the same language-level groups,and there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of word-phrase alignments,but not in terms of composition scores.The results of this study can be useful and informative for second language teachers in future continuous teaching in online environments.展开更多
This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,in...This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools,primary focus on humanistic education,and the re-production of knowledge,aiming to foster students’critical thinking,collaborative skills,and creativity.Building on this foundation,the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications.The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present,discuss,and share writing content,encouraging them to enhance their writing,collaboration,critical thinking,and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.展开更多
This study explores the washback effect that automated essay scoring has on undergraduates of China.The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect that the automated essay scoring has on the writing ability o...This study explores the washback effect that automated essay scoring has on undergraduates of China.The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect that the automated essay scoring has on the writing ability of undergraduates.There are some significant differences in scores of composition between the experimental group and the control group.It is found that the holistic scores of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group.Some striking differences are found in syntactic fluency and complexity.It is found that the experimental group is more complex in syntactic fluency and complexity than the control group.The research indicates that,under the proper guidance of teachers,the AES can effectively improve the writing scores of undergraduates.展开更多
The ability to write effectively is becoming increasingly important, and instruction in writing is thus assuming an increasingly role in second language education, particularly the relationship between composition stu...The ability to write effectively is becoming increasingly important, and instruction in writing is thus assuming an increasingly role in second language education, particularly the relationship between composition studies and second language studies has come to attract significant attention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues on academic writing confronted by student writers at graduate level. The conclusion of this paper will present some possible solutions to these problems.展开更多
文摘The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.
文摘调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资,教学目标注重培养学习者技能、终身学习理念以及抛锚式教学模式,这对于在线课程建设和教学具有借鉴意义。
文摘Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.
基金China Scholarship Council,Grant/Award Number:201906230359Vetenskapsrådet,Grant/Award Number:2019-04731+4 种基金HORIZON EUROPE Digital,Industry and Space,Grant/Award Number:101070255Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmästare,Grant/Award Number:2014/799Swedish National Infrastructure in Advanced Electron Microscopy,Grant/Award Numbers:2021-00171,RIF21-0026KTH Energy Platform,Grant/Award Number:HT2021Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research,Grant/Award Number:STP19-0014。
文摘MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on paper.Herein,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser scribing.With a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper MSCs.Furthermore,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive performance.The heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFB2501301,2019YFB1600704The Science and Technology Development Fund,Grant/Award Numbers:0068/2020/AGJ,SKL‐IOTSC(UM)‐2021‐2023GDST,Grant/Award Numbers:2020B1212030003,MYRG2022‐00192‐FST。
文摘Robot calligraphy visually reflects the motion capability of robotic manipulators.While traditional researches mainly focus on image generation and the writing of simple calligraphic strokes or characters,this article presents a generative adversarial network(GAN)-based motion learning method for robotic calligraphy synthesis(Gan2CS)that can enhance the efficiency in writing complex calligraphy words and reproducing classic calligraphy works.The key technologies in the proposed approach include:(1)adopting the GAN to learn the motion parameters from the robot writing operation;(2)converting the learnt motion data into the style font and realising the transition from static calligraphy images to dynamic writing demonstration;(3)reproducing high-precision calligraphy works by synthesising the writing motion data hierarchically.In this study,the motion trajectories of sample calligraphy images are firstly extracted and converted into the robot module.The robot performs the writing with motion planning,and the writing motion parameters of calligraphy strokes are learnt with GANs.Then the motion data of basic strokes is synthesised based on the hierarchical process of‘stroke-radicalpart-character’.And the robot re-writes the synthesised characters whose similarity with the original calligraphy characters is evaluated.Regular calligraphy characters have been tested in the experiments for method validation and the results validated that the robot can actualise the robotic calligraphy synthesis of writing motion data with GAN.
文摘Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)research has provided ample evidence that cognitive complexity is an important aspect of task design that influences learner’s performance in terms of fluency,accuracy,and syntactic complexity.Despite the substantial number of empirical investigations into task complexity in journal articles,storyline complexity,one of the features of it,is scarcely investigated.Previous research mainly focused on the impact of storyline complexity on learners’oral performance,but the impact on learners’written performance is less investigated.Thus,this study aims at investigating the effects of narrative complexity of storyline on senior high school students’written performance,as displayed by its complexity,fluency,and accuracy.The present study has important pedagogical implications.That is,task design and assessment should make a distinction between different types of narrative tasks.For example,the task with single or dual storyline.Results on task complexity may contribute to informing the pedagogical choices made by teachers when prioritizing work with a specific linguistic dimension.
文摘This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth,fifth,and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District,Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023.Using LIWC(Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count)as a text analysis tool,the study explores the impact of LIWC categories on writing performance which is scaled by score.The results show that the simple LIWC word categories have a significant positive influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students;while complex LIWC word categories have a significant negative influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students but a significant positive influence on the composition scores of higher-grade students.Process word categories have a positive influence on the composition scores of all three grades,but the impact of complex process word categories increases as the grade level rises.
文摘Rehabilitation is a medical discipline which is needed wherever people have lost full functionality, and it is needed increasingly in noncommunicable diseases, such as neurological problems, but also, and perhaps more importantly, in middle- and high-income countries, where populations are growing more aged. The burden is borne by the health care systems, especially where family cannot take the full load of care. Rehabilitation is also a discipline which is carried out most effectively in multi- or interdisciplinary teams, which carry their own weight of learning and group tensions. They are also bound to consider best practice guidelines. Furthermore, there is also a wide gap between learning in college or university and practice in the ward which leads to a loss of confidence in newly trained medical and paramedical personnel such as doctors, nurses, physiatrists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists. There is a genuine need for expert rehabilitation specialists who can mediate within teams as well as between groups and patients and their families. This paper lays out the range of considerations such a rehabilitation therapist must have under their belt. A model is presented. There are also two sets of parameters when using the model in practice. The first is the levels at which it works: hospital, departmental and individual. Then there are the specific challenges. Curriculum practice guidelines work at the hospital and departmental and professional levels;teamwork with its intrinsic challenges is of paramount importance;finally, the individuals will learn how to represent their insights in writing, most specifically represented in full-blown case reports. If the levels and roles coordinate, rehabilitation medicine should develop favourably.
文摘第一部分语言基础(共两节,满分30分)第一节单句语法填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)1.We all expressed our congratulations to him____________his success.2.They will include introductions to a wide range writing___________styles,from poetry to play writing.3.You should go back to your__________(origin)plan.4.She figured___________both she and Mike had learned a lot from the lecture.5.In the evenings,we___________(gather)around the fireplace and talked.
文摘This study was conducted with non-English sophomore students,aiming to explore the effects of different interaction combinations and language levels on continuous writing in an online environment,and compare the differences in lexical alignments and composition quality of learners with different interaction combinations and language levels in the same continuous writing task through experiments.The results show that the mean values of the word-phrase alignment of the paired group were higher than those of the individual group in different interaction combinations,and the two groups showed significant differences;in terms of composition quality,the individual group was better than the paired group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of task continuation.Secondly,the word-phrase alignment and composition scores of the different language-level groups were higher than those of the same language-level groups,and there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of word-phrase alignments,but not in terms of composition scores.The results of this study can be useful and informative for second language teachers in future continuous teaching in online environments.
文摘This study,drawing on the commonalities between generative artificial intelligence and foreign language writing instruction,outlines the core ideology of digital humanities-based college English writing instruction,including auxiliary use of generative artificial intelligence tools,primary focus on humanistic education,and the re-production of knowledge,aiming to foster students’critical thinking,collaborative skills,and creativity.Building on this foundation,the study delves into generative artificial intelligence tools applicable to different stages of process-genre writing and their strategic applications.The use of generative artificial intelligence tools is beneficial for students to present,discuss,and share writing content,encouraging them to enhance their writing,collaboration,critical thinking,and creative abilities through deep interaction with model essays and creative discourses.
文摘This study explores the washback effect that automated essay scoring has on undergraduates of China.The main purpose of this study is to explore the effect that the automated essay scoring has on the writing ability of undergraduates.There are some significant differences in scores of composition between the experimental group and the control group.It is found that the holistic scores of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group.Some striking differences are found in syntactic fluency and complexity.It is found that the experimental group is more complex in syntactic fluency and complexity than the control group.The research indicates that,under the proper guidance of teachers,the AES can effectively improve the writing scores of undergraduates.
文摘The ability to write effectively is becoming increasingly important, and instruction in writing is thus assuming an increasingly role in second language education, particularly the relationship between composition studies and second language studies has come to attract significant attention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues on academic writing confronted by student writers at graduate level. The conclusion of this paper will present some possible solutions to these problems.