Reflections on Language Testing——From the Perspective of Professional Training for Test Writers

This paper aims to talk about the superficial reflections on language testing from the perspective of professional training for test writers,to qualify test writers with basic testing theories,to make the test valid and reliable,to help improve educational reform and language teaching,to fully conform to the standards set by syllabus.

高中英语读后续写WRITER教学模式构建研究

新高考实施以来,读后续写成为英语科目的新题型,高中英语教师正在积极探索针对读后续写题的教学模式。然而,对于读后续写题,教师尚未构建系统、有效的教学模式,学生也尚未掌握较好的学习策略。在高中英语课堂教学中,教师可以采取读后续写WRITER教学模式,以学生的自主提问驱动读后续写,从而提升学生的思维品质和英语读后续写能力。

The Impact of Storyline Complexity on L2 Learners’Written Performance

Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT)research has provided ample evidence that cognitive complexity is an important aspect of task design that influences learner’s performance in terms of fluency,accuracy,and syntactic complexity.Despite the substantial number of empirical investigations into task complexity in journal articles,storyline complexity,one of the features of it,is scarcely investigated.Previous research mainly focused on the impact of storyline complexity on learners’oral performance,but the impact on learners’written performance is less investigated.Thus,this study aims at investigating the effects of narrative complexity of storyline on senior high school students’written performance,as displayed by its complexity,fluency,and accuracy.The present study has important pedagogical implications.That is,task design and assessment should make a distinction between different types of narrative tasks.For example,the task with single or dual storyline.Results on task complexity may contribute to informing the pedagogical choices made by teachers when prioritizing work with a specific linguistic dimension.

Research on Intergenerational Writing in Contemporary German Immigrant Literature

With the deepening of globalization,immigration and pluralism have become increasingly common social phenomena.The research of the resulting immigrant literature is an important way to understand the mental journey of immigrant groups and their construction of cultural identity.In the German-speaking area,immigrant literature has gradually taken center stage over the years,becoming an important part of the German language literature,and immigrant writers have also frequently won various literary prizes,which can be described as particularly dazzling.Meanwhile,generations of writers have been thinking about and exploring the intergenerational relationships and differences among immigrant groups in the context of their own experiences.This paper will focus on some outstanding immigrant writers and discuss the intergenerational writing in immigrant literature by means of their works.

The Importance of Professional Training for Test Writers

The purpose of this essay was to explore the importance of professional training for test writers and teachers as well.Since both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that it's impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the other. Test writers need professional training to keep pace with emergence of new views of language teaching practice and the rapid change of social life, in order to make testing more authentic and more valid.

On the Challenges Imposed on the Language Test Writers

Assessment in the classroom,whether informal,formative,or summative,has been the major source of identifying students’ strengths and weaknesses in learning a foreign language. The article tries to rationalize the current test writers training programs by elaborating on the importance of testing and assessing from the perspectives of the criteria of qualified testing system and the qualifications of test writers which reversely turns to be the challenges imposed on the language test writers.

Comment on Two American Writers and Their Works

Wil1iam Bradford’s of Playmouth PlantationIt has been nearly five hundred years sinca America was discovered. But American litera-ture did not began to develop until the colonial period when the English began to settle on thenorth Amerincan continent in the early part of the seventeenth century. Colonial

A Revision Model in Writing for Novice Writers with a Focus on Audience and Feedback

Revision is a complex,yet important phase in writing to improve the quality of a text.Some revision models are created to explain its components and the ways these components work.However,analysis of available models shows that they are proposed mainly for expert writers,who can complete the complex revision process individually,without the need of support or feedback.Most of the available revision models also do not include audience as a component.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative revision model for novice writers at or higher than highschool level with a focus on audience and feedback.First,the definition of revision is made,which is followed by summaries of the importance of audience and feedback in writing.Second,available revision models in literature that serves as the basis of the alternative model are reviewed.Finally,the alternative revision model is introduced with its components and the way these components work is explained.The revision model presented in this paper will contribute to literature on writing by filling the gap in revision models by proposing a model for novice writers and highlighting the importance of audience and feedback.

Supervised Feature Learning for Offline Writer Identification Using VLAD and Double Power Normalization

As an indispensable part of identity authentication,offline writer identification plays a notable role in biology,forensics,and historical document analysis.However,identifying handwriting efficiently,stably,and quickly is still challenging due to the method of extracting and processing handwriting features.In this paper,we propose an efficient system to identify writers through handwritten images,which integrates local and global features from similar handwritten images.The local features are modeled by effective aggregate processing,and global features are extracted through transfer learning.Specifically,the proposed system employs a pre-trained Residual Network to mine the relationship between large image sets and specific handwritten images,while the vector of locally aggregated descriptors with double power normalization is employed in aggregating local and global features.Moreover,handwritten image segmentation,preprocessing,enhancement,optimization of neural network architecture,and normalization for local and global features are exploited,significantly improving system performance.The proposed system is evaluated on Computer Vision Lab(CVL)datasets and the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition(ICDAR)2013 datasets.The results show that it represents good generalizability and achieves state-of-the-art performance.Furthermore,the system performs better when training complete handwriting patches with the normalization method.The experimental result indicates that it’s significant to segment handwriting reasonably while dealing with handwriting overlap,which reduces visual burstiness.

An Unsupervised Writer Identification Based on Generating Clusterable Embeddings

The writer identification system identifies individuals based on their handwriting is a frequent topic in biometric authentication and verification systems.Due to its importance,numerous studies have been conducted in various languages.Researchers have established several learning methods for writer identification including supervised and unsupervised learning.However,supervised methods require a large amount of annotation data,which is impossible in most scenarios.On the other hand,unsupervised writer identification methods may be limited and dependent on feature extraction that cannot provide the proper objectives to the architecture and be misinterpreted.This paper introduces an unsupervised writer identification system that analyzes the data and recognizes the writer based on the inter-feature relations of the data to resolve the uncertainty of the features.A pairwise architecturebased Autoembedder was applied to generate clusterable embeddings for handwritten text images.Furthermore,the trained baseline architecture generates the embedding of the data image,and the K-means algorithm is used to distinguish the embedding of individual writers.The proposed model utilized the IAM dataset for the experiment as it is inconsistent with contributions from the authors but is easily accessible for writer identification tasks.In addition,traditional evaluation metrics are used in the proposed model.Finally,the proposed model is compared with a few unsupervised models,and it outperformed the state-of-the-art deep convolutional architectures in recognizing writers based on unlabeled data.

On Multimodal Criticism of The Kitchen God’s Wife

Studying the covers of the three editions of The Kitchen God’s Wife by Amy Tan,a famous female Chinese American writer,the author finds Chinese cultural elements stood out in publishers’earliest recommendations,but later were replaced by immigrant mother-daughter relationship,and then were overwhelmed by the concern for human beings.It is interesting that this change fits the changing focuses of Chinese American writers in the 21st century.

Nobel Prize Winner Alice Munro One of the best writers you may not know about

Alice Munro,the Canadian,writer considered by many to be the finest short-fiction writer of her generation,died[earlier this year].She was 92.Munro was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 2013,only months after publishing a collection of stories that she said would be her last.She had already received the Man Booker International Prize,the National Book Critics Circle Award in the United States and every top literary prize offered in her native Canada,including its most prestigious,the Governor General's Award.

“机器人记者”新闻生产的现状与趋势

＂机器人记者＂最早源于美国,是指利用算法对数据展开收集、加工、生成的一套新闻报道程序,使新闻生产主体完全机器化、自动化和智能化。近年来,我国也在此方面做出了一系列有益探索与尝试,继腾讯推出＂Dream Writer＂的自动化新闻写作机器人之后,新华社在2015年11月17日正式启用写稿机器人——＂快笔小新＂。在2016年的里约奥运会上,《华盛顿邮报》大胆创新,采用＂机器人记者＂与传统记者联手展开新闻报道。

Writer’s Workshop写作模式对英语写作的影响

文中对某高校93名非英语专业本科生,进行了一项运用Writer’s Workshop写作模式来提高学生英语写作中内容知识和写作成绩的研究。研究结果表明,在大学英语写作中,使用该写作模式,既能提高学生的英语写作能力,也能激发他们的自主学习能力和合作能力。

机器人是新闻人的对手还是助手?

最近,一篇由地震信息播报机器人“撰写”的《四川绵阳市安县发生4.3级地震（测试）》的地震新闻在网上热传,再一次引发了机器人将抢走新闻人“饭碗”的担忧。机器人完成这篇大约500字的地震报道,只用了6秒时间,写得有模有样。从结构上看,标题、导语、主体、背景齐备。从交代的要素来看,也是时间、地点、事件等要素俱全。

基于GPIB任意函数信号的产生与采集

利用Sony Tektronix AFG310任意函数信号发生器的随机软件Wavewriter编写任意函数信号，通过GPIB下载到AFG310任意函数信号发生器中，经TDS210存储式数字示波器对信号数字化后，再通过GPIB总线连接到计算机中由Matlab完成对可编程信号的采集与处理工作，从而实现了基于GPIB的任意函数信号的自动化产生与采集。

Theodore Dreiser and his “ Sister Carrie”

This paper dwells on Theodore Dreiser’ experiences and those of the three main characters in his novel “Sister Carrie”.In doing so, the writer intends to bring up some similarities between the novelist and the three characters and consequently go deeper into the social significance of the novel and the characters.

On the Optimization of the Quality of Language Tests

Language tests are frequently used as devices to evaluate language learning and teaching; therefore,we must be concerned about the quality—reliability and validity—of our tests.Many researches have showed that the quality of language tests has been decreased owing to the misuse of multiple-choice items.It is necessary to reduce the percentage of objective items in the tests,but what is more important is test writers’ professional skills which can directly affect the quality of the tests. This essay focuses on how to optimize the quality of language tests through the training for test writers. It has become quite urgent and important now,which should involve in familiarizing the writers with basic testing theories,purposes and types of testing,and main specific testing methods.

基于GPIB模拟故障信号的自动采集与定位

本文利用AFG310任意函数信号发生器的随机软件Wavewriter编写模拟故障信号，由GPIB下载到AFG310任意函数信号发生器中，接着依靠Sony Tektronix TDS210存储式数字示波器对信号数字化，再凭借GPIB总线由计算机在Matlab环境下完成采集、调制函数信号，最后用Matlab对采集到的信号进行小波分析，从而实现对故障信号的自动诊断与定位。