The Research of the Relationship Between Yangming’s Yixue and His Xinxue

Yangming’s Yixue had been developed several times in his life since originated in Longchang.Yangming’s Yixue and his Xinxue are both sides of the same corn.The Yangming’s Yixue can be roughly divided into two periods.There were the early and middle period of Yangming’s Yixue,which is intended to explain the principles of Yi Zhuan(《易传》)with the theory of Xinxue.The finish of Yangming’s Yixue was a second stage in Yangming’s later years.From the perspective of form and content,there are differences that cannot be ignored between Yangming’s early and middle period and his later years.In the first stage of Yangming’s study,the“Virtuousness”(贞)in Book of Changes is the principle and nature in university.In the later period,Yangming had not focused on interpreting the“Yi Zhuan”,but on the interpretation of ZhouYi’s(《周易》)principles to supplement the connotation of the propositions of Xinxue.This article intends to understand the relationship between Yangming’s Yixue and his Xinxue by dividing the different stages of Yangming’s Yixue firstly.Then by focusing on the influence of Yangming’s later years’Yixue on his Xinxue,we can observe the relation between his Yixue and Xinxue.

A Comprehensive Review Analyzing Half a Century of Wang Yangming’s Contributions to Governance in Guangxi

Wang Yangming was a prominent thinker and politician with significant national influence during the Ming Dynasty.He has been a key subject of study in the realms of China’s ideological history,academic history,and political history.His travels to various regions have been the subject of valuable research.While the contribution of Wang Yangming in Guangxi has historically been less extensive compared to his contributions in places such as Zhejiang,Guizhou,and Jiangxi,it has shown gradual improvement over the past 50 years.Particularly,there has been an expanding and deepening exploration of the wisdom and impact he left during his governance of Guangxi.

The Ming Dynasty Printing and Dissemination of Wang Yangming’s Works in Guizhou:On the 1535 Guiyang Edition of A New Supplementary Edition of Master Wang Yangming’s Writings

After Wang Yangming experienced the revelation of Confucian philosophy at Longchang,he disseminated his heart-mind doctrine by engaging in teaching.A great number of scholars in Guizhou followed him and formed the Qian sub-school of the heartmind philosophy,the earliest of local Yangming sub-schools in the country. roughout the Zhengde and Wanli periods of the Ming dynasty,Yangming scholars and local o cials in favor of the heart-mind philosophy worked in collaboration to collate and print six books of Wang’s works in Guizhou.Among these,A New Supplementary Edition of Master Wang Yangming’s Writings represents the most fruitful e ort by both government o cials(Wang Xing)and local scholars(Chen Wenxue and Ye Wu).As an o print block-carving edition of Wang Yangming’s collections in the early years,it is extremely treasured for its rarity of edition and historical value. e profusion of printing of Wang’s works in Guizhou re ects the wide circulation of his heart-mind doctrines in China’s southwest frontier regions,vividly mirroring the growth of Wang’s philosophy outside cultural centers as well as the complicated history of interactive in uence between Chinese marginal and central cultures.

A Comparative Study on the Moral Conceptual Framework of Kohlberg and Wang Yangming

Kohlberg constructed modern Western moral cognition theory.Wang Yangming proposed the idea of the extension of intuitive knowledge in Ming Dynasty.We conduct a comparison on three main conceptual schemes of Kohlberg's theory-moral judgment,moral development,and moral behavior-from the following three aspects:problem consciousness,thinking model,and value idea.Moral cognition development theory lays emphasis on the core position of cognition to the moral development,while the idea of intuitive knowledge aims to become sages.From the point of view of thinking model,moral cognition development theory intents to conduct moral education for individual moral development,while the idea of the extension of intuitive knowledge highlights the intuitive knowledge ontology in the practice of extending the intuitive knowledge to its extremity and removing the obstacles of selfishness.In terms of value idea,the core value idea of moral cognition theory is the principle of justice,but the idea of the extension of intuitive knowledge indicates that the intuitive knowledge has characteristics of innateness and universality,which is the judgment principle of the individual transcendentality.

The Relationship between Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the Light of‘On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil’

This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas. e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.

Therapeutic efficacy observation on needling Yangming method for facial palsy

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of Prof. Gao Yu-chun＇s needling Yangming method for facial palsy, as well as to inherit and further develop the academic idea.Methods： A total of 70 cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group（n=35） and a control group（n=35）. Cases in the treatment group were treated with needling Yangming method, whereas cases in the control group were treated with traditional acupuncture method. The treatment was done once a day in both groups（6 times a week） for a total of 6 weeks. Then the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated before and after treatment using the House-Brackmann（H-B） scale and scores of signs and symptoms. Results： After 2 weeks of treatment, patients in the treatment group obtained a better H-B score and recovery rate than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. After 4 weeks of treatment, the H-B score, scores of signs and symptoms and recovery rate in the treatment group were better than those in the control group（P〈0.05, P0.01, P〈0.05）. After 6 weeks of treatment, there were no between-group statistical differences in the above aspects（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Needling Yangming method can obtain a faster effect, a higher early-stage recovery rate and shorter course of treatment than traditional acupuncture method.

Water, Plant, Light, and Mirror： On the Root Metaphors of the Heart-Mind in Wang Yangming＇s Thought

Clarifying Wang Yangming＇s thought through a study of his root metaphors of heart-mind is an important step toward explaining his further concepts of the human world. Along with the root metaphors of water and mirror, the metaphors of plant and light work together for Wang to form a coherent theoretical and practical system of xin （heart-mind）. This method is also a good way to unravel the various theories of the ＂three teachings＂ that are intermingled in his thinking. By using this methodology Wang＇s attempts to harmonize several ancient traditions of heart-mind that appear as possibly polarized to modem readers, are illuminated （though they did not appear contradictory to the Neo-Confucians）.

明末清初耶稣会士对朱熹理学心性论的采纳与融摄

明末清初,耶稣会士为了达到传教目的,在若干方面都采纳了朱熹理学的心性论来佐证天主教义。首先,朱熹理学主张性分为天地之性与气质之性,心分为道心与人心,耶稣会士以此来论证天主教灵魂与肉体二元对立的思想。其次,朱熹理学主张天地之性至善无恶,气质之性有善有恶,性善论只适用于理论层面而非现实层面,耶稣会士以此来论证天主教的原罪观。再次,朱熹理学主张天地之性是可以脱离肉体而存在的精神实体,耶稣会士以此论证天主教灵魂不灭的观点。耶稣会士对朱熹理学心性论的采纳与融摄表明,他们并非一味地尊“先儒”而抑“后儒”。而对于“后儒”,他们也清楚朱熹理学与阳明心学之间的区别所在,并多肯定朱熹理学,反对阳明心学。但这种取舍显然是基于其宗教渗透的需要,而逸出了儒学内部学理发展脉络之外。

论袁黄时文批评中的心学倾向——以《举业彀率》为例

明代八股因时而变,隆庆、万历年间,随着阳明心学广泛传播并逐渐渗透到文学领域,在时文创作与批评中也呈现出了鲜明的心学色彩,袁黄的时文批评即突出地体现了这一时代风气。通过对袁黄生平进行考证,揭示其心学思想产生的家学渊源,并依此阐述袁黄时文批评专论《举业彀率》中的几个重要范畴:“涵养”“束心”“圣人之心即吾之心”与“性命、文章合而为一”,并明确此乃心学概念于时文批评理论中的移位,最终观照特定历史时期时文文风之新变。

阳明弟子王钊论

王钊是江西安福的布衣学者,是江右王门的代表性人物之一,一生致力于传播、弘扬阳明学。在本体论上,他以灵根指称良知,所谓“灵根”,从“根”的角度而言,主要是指良知的本根性、本体性;从“灵”的角度而言,主要是指良知的自主性、感知性;在工夫论上,他主张良知自然流行,接近泰州学派,但与后者仍有不同,即需用后天之功来保证良知自然流行,这样就可避免后者之弊;他又主学悟一体,认为学是悟的基础,真悟积于学,而本质上二者是一。

阳明学成立与发展的朱子理学思想渊源

陆九渊与王阳明作为宋明理学中心学一系的主要代表人物,后世学者往往以陆、王二人并称,将他们的思想学说合称为陆王心学。但二者之间更多只是思想宗旨相近,并无直接的承袭关系。相较之下,阳明学的产生、发展与朱子学有着更深的思想渊源。阳明学其是在朱子学的笼罩下,继承了朱熹所建构的经典体系、理论框架与主要论题,并融会了佛道的智慧,进而通过自得自悟的方式,对朱子学加以深刻的反思、批判而逐步形成的,因而可视为朱子学在明代的另一种延续和发展。而王阳明所作的《朱子晚年定论》即来源于此前朱子学内部和会朱陆的逻辑思路,恰好为我们提供了一个观察阳明学与朱子学之间的思想渊源的具体例证。

心学、政治、文学的张力与融摄——李绂文学观的维度建构

由于深厚的阳明学修养,"平生志伊尹"的政治期许,以及因地域因缘从而对江西欧、曾、王等古文大家及其重文主张的追慕,兼之丰富的文学实践以及深刻的文章体悟,李绂的文学观融摄于心学、政治与文学之间。李绂在阳明学扫清成圣障碍及尤重躬行有得的思想支撑下,打通了道统与治统的隔阂,并由此建构了"文——道——治"的话语体系,实现了文道与治道的融合。其"立言须兼德与功求之"的思想反映了作为政治家的李绂在文论上的事功倾向。其"诗文,心之所发见"的立论则带上了鲜明的心学色彩。受阳明学考据传统及清初考证学的影响,李绂多以考据入文章。作为心学家的李绂在文章体认与创作上,反而突破了理学与心学的范囿,进而站在文学本位思考文章内容、体式、技巧诸方面的问题。

阳明学的当代价值研究

王阳明先生是我国历史上立德、立功、立言三不朽的伟大人物,是一位有世界影响的思想巨人。其学术思想经先秦儒学、汉唐经学、宋代理学的发展之后,成为明代主流的学术思想体系,在中国思想界的地位可谓举足轻重,影响和推动了五百年来中国、邻邦及整个东亚等地区和国家的社会发展和近代化转型,不仅在儒学史上占有重要的地位,而且在当今世界也深具重要现实意义。

阳明学的道问学开展途径——论蕺山学派格物思想的哲学义蕴

学界向来视阳明学为尊德性之学、朱子学为道问学之学。但其实在阳明学派内部也有独特的道问学开展途径,蕺山学派刘宗周、黄宗羲师徒即为其中代表人物。其理论开展途径有三个步骤:(1)针对江右王门与王畿的辩论困境,刘宗周提出物至善无恶说,确立物的本体论地位,以保障心体的真正安立;(2)刘宗周提出气一元论和诚意说,把人引向更为广大的天地自然秩序,为物至善说奠定哲学基础;(3)黄宗羲通过诠释其师门学术,实现从性命之学向经史之学的学术转型。

论阳明学的心灵治疗学意义

作为心学的成熟形态,阳明学具有显著的心灵治疗学意义。可以说,阳明学就是由心灵问题催生的。心灵问题不仅是阳明学产生的“问题意识”,并贯穿着阳明学的形成与发展,同时也是阳明学的基本内容。阳明学的心灵治疗是通过“意义赋予”的途径实现的,是典型的意义治疗法。这种意义治疗法是通过心即理、致良知、知行合一等思想来实现的。阳明学的心灵治疗学意义,不仅在历史上得以发挥,在今天依然可以成为解决当下心灵问题的良方,具有重要的现实意义。

日本阳明学的特质及其影响

阳明学传到日本后,与正处于要求变革的特殊的时代背景和日本的国民性格相结合,形成了与中国阳明学不同的特质。主要表现为主张朱王并举、希图调和朱王,强调实践、注重事功,对于实践的体的灵性、创造力、人和人的生命本身都给予了高度的关怀;日本学者吸收了中国阳明学重视"心"的主体性而进一步提出了通过"正人心"来改造社会的理论,内含着反体制的精神,这种精神加快了阳明学的日本本土化进程,其结果是不仅在思想上,而且在日本社会的方方面面都产生了较大的影响,尤其是幕府末期,阳明学成为了酝酿明治维新的动力和造就一代新人的思想指南,直接成为了推动社会变革的精神武器,为日本明治维新和步入近代工业社会开辟了道路。

阳明心学的司法叙事与民间阅读的意涵

阳明心学自明代流传至今,出现在了看守所,被几名犯罪嫌疑人视为自我审判的依据和重启人生的教科书。哪怕只属于民间阅读,但展开了司法叙事。如果说人们不曾涉嫌犯罪时,内心本有善念,再借用阳明心学点燃,便会让善念越发充盈。犯罪的原因若在于道德人格不够完善,日后只需找回失却的心之本体,必将促使善念重新闪现,会让人以一种不同于过去的心态和眼界看待万事万物。犯罪必将遭到法律的否定,难免会让犯罪嫌疑人万念俱灰,阳明心学适时出现,则能让他们敢于认罪和积极担责。道德认罪与依法认罪原本两分,但在阳明心学的论域内,前者是源头式认罪,后者是衍生式认罪。由源头到衍生,体现着知行合一。当代情形是历史经验的重演,在明代亦可看到类似事例。古人今人都具有反身向内的道德天性,王阳明早已针对人的良知做足了文章,促使古往今来每当有人想要为善去恶,就会接受阳明心学。当代司法有了它的加入,便突破了原本只以落实法律作为要义的局限,昭示出古代的先贤思想并非只能表现为静态的历史文字表达,而是还可以获得动态的书写,最终呈现出亦古亦今的叙事样貌。古今司法借用阳明心学提点案犯,无疑为阳明心学事功功能的发挥找到了落脚点,更为思想史的司法书写提供了契机。

民国时期唐文治论“阳明学通于朱子学”

民国时期,唐文治撰《阳明学术发微》和《紫阳学术发微》,通过分析王阳明《朱子晚年定论》所引述的朱熹书信,明确认为"朱、王二家之学,实有殊途而同归",尤其是他认为王阳明讲"心即理"与朱熹的"性即理"未尝不同,王阳明的"知行合一"与朱熹的"知先行后"并不相悖,从而提出"阳明学通于朱子学"。而且,唐文治既撰《朱子学为今时救世之本论》,又撰《阳明学为今时救国之本论》,把朱子学与阳明学的统一与当时的救国思潮联系在一起,可以为今天研究阳明学与朱子学的关系提供新的思路。

阳明学与禅学关系新论

关于"阳明学非禅学"之说,自古至今学界均有探讨,但这些论证并不能充分说明阳明学与禅学之异。原因在于这些论证过于重视阳明学,而忽视了对禅学的分析。其实,禅学有印度禅和中国禅之分,但实际上均属于如来藏禅法。因此,证明"阳明学非禅学"的关键在于论证阳明学并非如来藏禅法。我们从一元与多元、修行工夫、虚实以及思想谱系四个角度进行论证,可以充分证明阳明学与禅学的不同。

“身教”与“身学”——中日阳明学的教育启示

新时代的教育需要培养知行合一的实干家。要实现教育中的“知行合一”,就要通过身体力行的实践行动,来掌握知识,增长才干。身体作为教育的主体,教师和学生只有全身心投入,才能实现“真学”,获得“真知”。阳明学注重身体的修行,强调实践的作用。通过对比研究显示:中日阳明学的教育启示主要体现在修己和治人两个方面,修己对应“身学”,治人对应“身教”。“身教”与“身学”,即聚焦于身体的“教”“学”双向活动,是同一件事的两个方面,在实践性上体现了统一。通过“身教”与“身学”,达到教学相长、共同进步,才是教育界的良知体现。