Reduction Discoloration of Reactive Dyed Cotton Waste and Chemical Recycling via Ionic Liquid

The textile industry generates large volumes of waste throughout its production process.Most of this waste is colored,therefore,discoloration is an important step toward recycling and reusing this waste.This study focused on the chemical reductive discoloration of textile waste composed of cotton dyed with reactive dye.The experimental design demonstrated the significant influence of the concentration of reducing agent and time of reaction on the degree of whiteness of the cotton fibers.The concentration of the alkaline agent was not significant in the process.The optimization of the reaction conditions lead to Berger degree of 50.5±3.5.The discolored cotton was chemically recycled through dissolution in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and regeneration in film form in water.The microstructure of the regenerated cellulose films was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)indicating complete dissolution and uniform regeneration.The discoloration process reduced the polymerization degree and crystallinity index of the cotton fibers but retained the cellulose I structure.The dissolution and cellulose regeneration process results in transparent films with an amorphous structure.The thermal behavior,evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis,indicated that residues and regenerated film presented a main decomposition step.The maximum decomposition rate temperature of the regenerated films was approximately 40℃lower than the cotton fibers,which correlates well with the reduction in polymerization degree and amorphous structure.In general,the study demonstrated that textile cotton waste dyed with reactive dyes can be chemically discolored to form transparent and amorphous films,contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for the textile industry.

Gd_(2)MgTiO_(6):Dy^(3+)荧光粉的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备出一系列Dy^(3+)掺杂双钙钛矿Gd_(2)MgTiO_(6)白色荧光粉样品,通过X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪对荧光粉样品的晶体结构及荧光性能进行分析和表征。结果表明:在355 nm近紫外光激发下,样品发出极强的蓝光(484 nm)和黄光(575 nm)。通过调节Dy^(3+)的浓度可以使样品发光颜色向白光区移动,因此Gd_(2)MgTiO_(6):Dy^(3+)是一种可调荧光粉。当Dy^(3+)掺杂浓度为3%时可以发出色坐标为(0.3598,0.3946)的白光。Gd_(2)MgTiO_(6)合成方法简便、组份易调控,是一种具有潜在应用价值荧光材料。

Valence electronic engineering of superhydrophilic Dy-evoked Ni-MOF outperforming RuO_(2) for highly efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Tackling the problem of poor conductivity and catalytic stability of pristine metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) is crucial to improve their oxygen evolution reaction(OER) performance.Herein,we introduce a novel strategy of dysprosium(Dy) doping,using the unique 4f orbitals of this rare earth element to enhance electrocatalytic activity of MOFs.Our method involves constructing Dy-doped Ni-MOF(Dy@Ni-MOF) nanoneedles on carbon cloth via a Dy-induced valence electronic perturbation approach.Experiments and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that Dy doping can effectively modify the electronic structure of the Ni active centers and foster a strong electronic interaction between Ni and Dy.The resulting benefits include a reduced work function and a closer proximity of the d-band center to the Fermi level,which is conducive to improving electrical conductivity and promoting the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates.Furthermore,the Dy@Ni-MOF achieves superhydrophilicity,ensuring effective electrolyte contact and thus accelerating reaction kinetics,Ex-situ and in-situ analysis results manifest Dy_(2)O_(3)/NiOOH as the actual active species.Therefore,Dy@Ni-MOF shows impressive OER performance,significantly surpassing Ni-MOF.Besides,the overall water splitting device with Dy@NiMOF as an anode delivers a low cell voltage of 1.51 V at 10 mA cm^(-2) and demonstrates long-term stability for 100 h,positioning it as a promising substitute for precious metal catalysts.

合成染料与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4相互作用的光谱分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法,分析蒽醌类染料(reactive blue 19(RB19),reactive blue 4(RB4))、偶氮类染料(reactive violet 5(RV5),reactive black 5(RB5))及底物2,2′-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)与染料脱色过氧化物酶Il-DyP4之间的相互作用.紫外-可见吸收光谱法结果表明,Il-DyP4和上述底物之间均形成了复合物;荧光光谱法结果表明,上述底物均使Il-DyP4产生了荧光淬灭效应,且淬灭类型为静态淬灭,符合紫外-可见吸收光谱的结果.根据双对数方程■,计算出RB19,RB4,RV5,RB5,ABTS与Il-DyP4相互作用的表观结合常数(Ka)分别为:9.386 2×10^(4)L·mol^(-1)(298 K),5.615 7×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),1.926 2×10^(6) L·mol^(-1)(288 K),5.277 8×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K),2.234 6×10^(5) L·mol^(-1)(298 K).热力学参数分析结果表明,上述底物与Il-DyP4的结合依赖于疏水相互作用,是自发的吸热过程.

溶胶-凝胶法制备Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)白光发射荧光粉及其性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有白光发射的Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):x%Dy^(3+)荧光粉,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱等对产物的物相结构、形貌、组分和光学性能进行研究,并分析了Dy^(3+)掺杂量对样品的影响。XRD结果表明,所制备的样品为Dy^(3+)掺杂的Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)单斜晶体和少量Ga_(2)O_(3)杂质相的混合物。紫外-可见漫反射光谱结果表明制备的Dy^(3+)掺杂Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)晶体是一种光学带隙为5.29 eV的直接带隙半导体。荧光检测结果表明Dy^(3+)掺杂Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)荧光粉可被属于Gd^(3+)激发带的275 nm紫外光有效激发,并在490 nm和575 nm附近分别发射出属于Dy^(3+)的^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2)和^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁的蓝色和黄色的强烈光,证实在Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)样品中存在显著的由Gd^(3+)到Dy^(3+)的能量传递发光现象。同时,对其发光机制进行了讨论。样品的发光强度随着Dy^(3+)掺杂量的变化而变化,同时影响着样品的发光颜色,Dy^(3+)掺杂量为1.5%和2%时制备的荧光粉可在紫外光激发下分别发射出CIE色坐标为(0.3362,0.3512)和(0.3381,0.3523)、相关色温为5340 K和5263 K的白色光。研究结果表明Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)是一种潜在的紫外光激发白光发射荧光材料。

SrLaLiTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

白光发光二极管(LED)的商业合成方案缺少红光成分,导致合成的白光色温较高、显色性差,因此开发性能优异的单相暖白光荧光粉成为白光LED领域研究的重要课题。以Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)为掺杂剂,SrLaLiTeO_(6)(SLLT)为基质,采用固相反应法制备了SrLaLiTeO6:Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)无机荧光粉,并通过X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计和色度坐标分析荧光粉的晶体结构及光学性能。结果表明:Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)成功进入SLLT晶体,无杂质产生;SLLT:0.07Dy^(3+),yEu^(3+)荧光粉在351 nm激发下能够同时发射蓝、黄、红光,证明了Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)之间存在能量传递,弥补了单掺Dy^(3+)荧光粉缺乏红色发射的缺陷;Eu^(3+)离子最佳掺杂浓度为0.05,此时的色度坐标为(0.391 9,0.380 9),色温为3 733 K,接近暖白光区域。因此,SrLaLiTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉是一种性能优异的暖白光LED荧光粉。

Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺杂CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)颜色可调荧光粉的制备与发光性能

本文采用高温固相法成功制备了一系列Eu^(3+)单掺和Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)单基质荧光粉。通过X射线衍射和发射光谱对荧光粉的物相及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的样品均为四方结构,与基质晶体一致,表明成功合成了Eu^(3+)单掺和Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺杂的CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)荧光粉。在波长393 nm近紫外光激发下,Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)表现出Eu^(3+)的特征红光发射(5 D0→7 F2),并且发光纯度高达100%。共掺Dy^(3+)之后,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)荧光粉不仅可以被波长393 nm的光激发还可以被波长348 nm的光激发。不管是哪个波长的光激发,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)发射光谱同时包含了Eu^(3+)的特征红光发射和Dy^(3+)的特征黄光发射(4 F_(9/2)→6 H_(13/2))。通过对发射谱和荧光寿命分析得出,双掺荧光粉中Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)之间存在有效的能量传递过程。进一步计算了各个样品对应的色坐标,结果表明当激发波长由348 nm改变为393 nm时,色坐标整体上从黄绿色区域移动到黄橙光区域。因此,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)是一种光色可调发光材料,在显示和固态照明方面具有良好的应用前景。

中国碳市场、能源市场和高排放行业间的溢出效应研究——基于TVP-VAR-DY模型

在以低碳发展应对全国气候变化的共识下,继电力市场后,将其他高排放行业纳入全国碳市场势在必行。探究2021年至2023年期间全国碳市场、能源市场和高排放行业市场间的风险溢出效应。通过采用TVP-VAR-DY模型,使动态溢出效应的测度更加平滑。研究发现,全国碳市场、能源市场与高排放行业市场存在时变的双向不对称溢出效应,特别是在极端风险事件下,市场之间的波动溢出效应显著增强。电力等高排放行业市场主要受碳市场波动的影响,而新能源行业风险主要影响原油期货市场。重大社会经济事件可导致能源市场在短期内成为风险传递的主导因素,但随着时间推移,高排放行业会转为风险输出者。最后,提出了关于中国碳市场建设、能源市场风险防范和高排放行业能源结构优化等方面的建议。

铁矿石价格、国际航运与中国股票市场间的时变溢出效应——来自TVP-VAR-DY模型的证据

采用时频参数向量自回归(TVP-VAR)连通性方法,使用2017年1月4日至2023年3月6日的日度数据探讨铁矿石价格、国际航运与中国股票市场间的时变溢出效应。实证结果表明:国际航运是最强烈的溢出效应;中国股票市场是溢出效应的传导因素;铁矿石价格是主要的接收者。整个溢出效应是时变的,在危机时期溢出效应显著增强,在特殊时期溢出与接收关系会发生短暂的改变。

碱金属离子共掺Sr_(3)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶Dy^(3+)发光性能研究

本文采用高温固相法制备了一系列新型Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶xDy^(3+)(x=0~0.40)(摩尔分数)及Sr_(2.68)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶0.16Dy^(3+),0.16M^(+)(M=Li、Na、K)荧光粉。EDS能谱分析证实该荧光粉中存在Sr、Ga、Ge、O、Dy元素。系列Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶xDy^(3+)在350 nm光激发下产生了以568 nm为主波长,对应于^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁的强黄光发射。荧光粉的发射光谱显示,其发射强度随Dy^(3+)浓度的增加而变化,且当x=0.16时达到最强。共掺杂碱金属M(M=Li、Na、K)作为电荷补偿离子,其中Li^(+)对增加Dy^(3+)的发射强度效果最明显,使得荧光粉的发射强度提高到没有电荷补偿离子时的2倍。此外,随着Dy3+掺杂浓度的提高,荧光粉的荧光寿命不断减少。最后探讨了荧光粉Sr_(2.68)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)∶0.16Dy^(3+),0.16Li^(+)的CIE色度坐标和热稳定性,其CIE色度坐标为(0.3719,0.4046),位于黄色区域,在453 K的发光强度约为其室温发光强度的95.5%。因此,Dy^(3+),Li^(+)共掺杂Sr_(3-x)Ga_(2)Ge_(4)O_(14)荧光粉是潜在的显示器件和白光LED器件候选材料。

基于稀土Dy离子荧光强度比的温度测试技术

大面积表面温度测量技术在风洞测温领域中具有重要意义。为满足更高表面温度的测量需求,亟待开展新型测温技术及温度传感材料的研发。基于稀土离子的热耦合能级荧光强度比进行温度测量是一种新型测温技术。本文合成了一种温敏发光材料(YAG:Dy),研究了50~1000℃范围内稀土Dy^(3+)离子的一对热耦合能级(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2),^(4)I_(15/2)→^(6)H_(15/2))的跃迁发光强度比与温度的对应关系。基于该材料,本文开展了荧光强度比测温与红外测温仪测温的对比实验,实验结果表明:两者的测量结果有很高的吻合度,证明该温敏发光材料(YAG:Dy)可用于50~1000℃范围内的温度测量。

不同合成方法对LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy发光性能的影响

分别采用高温固相法和溶胶凝胶法合成了LiMgPO_(4)和LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy,通过热重-差热热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、场发射高倍扫描电镜、紫外可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计研究了不同合成方法对LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy晶体结构、形貌和发光性能的影响。结果表明,溶胶凝胶法的最低合成温度为750℃且晶体中几乎不存在其他晶相,而高温固相法在950℃合成的晶体中仍然存在少量Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)晶相;相比于高温固相法,溶胶凝胶法合成的样品形貌比较规则;两种方法合成的样品在可见光区域光吸收能力差,而在紫外区域高温固相法合成的样品光吸收能力明显较高;高温固相法合成的LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy光学带隙范围为3.76~3.93 eV,溶胶凝胶法合成的LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy光学带隙范围为3.85~3.94 eV,合成方法对样品的光学带隙影响较小。LiMgPO_(4)∶Dy的最佳激发波长为350 nm,最强发射峰位于579 nm处,相比于高温固相法,溶胶凝胶法合成样品的发光强度更好。

THE INFLUENCE OF SPINNING CONDITION ON STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF MASS-DYED SUPERFINE PP AS-SPUN FILAMENTS

The effect of colorant additive on the rheology of PP polymer melt and the influence of spinning conditions on the crystalline and orientation structure of mass-dyed as-spun PP filament are reported. The △E~~~ value for all colored chips is higher than that of blank chip to a varying degree. The crystallinity and orientation degree of dyed PP as-spun filament decrease with increasing melt temperature, decreasing spinning speed and increasing denier per filament (dpf), while the crystallinity of dyed as-spun filament increases with the content of colorant additive as a nucleation agent.

Dy^(3+):Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)晶体的光谱与黄色激光性能

近年来,黄色激光晶体在激光显示、激光医疗、激光雷达(光探测和测距)、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子冷却和俘获等领域具有广泛的应用,吸引了研究人员极大的兴趣。随着蓝光LD泵浦源的商用化,直接泵浦Dy^(3+)掺杂激光晶体可输出黄色激光,对应^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁。本工作采用提拉法生长了Dy^(3+)掺杂浓度分别为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%(原子分数)的Dy^(3+):Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Dy:YAG)晶体,并分析了晶体开裂的原因。基于Judd-Ofelt理论计算了J-O强度参数,并利用其评估了不同掺杂浓度的Dy:YAG晶体的其它激光参数。综合讨论了Dy^(3+)掺杂浓度对荧光分支比、受激发射截面、量子效率等光谱性能的影响。在五个晶体样品中,1.0%Dy:YAG晶体在447 nm激发下实现了582 nm最大的受激发射截面值和最强的荧光强度值,荧光寿命较长,达到0.823 ms。与之相比,2.0%Dy:YAG晶体发射参数值略低,但是其吸收系数更大。研究结果表明,激光二极管泵浦的Dy:YAG黄色激光晶体中Dy^(3+)离子的浓度为1.0%和2.0%较为合适,并基于2.0%Dy:YAG晶体实现了连续黄色激光输出,最大功率为166.8μW,激光峰值波长为582.5 nm。

Comparison of Seam Strength between Dyed and Un-Dyed Gabardine Apparels: A Research on Lapped &Superimposed Seam

Today is the golden age of fashion. Fashion garments and apparels have been used everywhere to cope with the fashion era. These fashion garments and apparels are made of the fabrics of various structures and components through various processes. Among them gabardine is one of the most remarkable type of fabric and apparel dyeing is the latest process used for fashion apparel. From this research, the seam strength variations between dyed and un-dyed gabardine apparels after conceding the garment dyeing process can be known. It is a comparative research work which will deliver very effective knowledge about various types of seam, seam strength and seam performance. For comparative study, many dummy apparels body have been produced as samples which are dyed in Hams washing and dyeing limited. After that all samples have tested in Thermax woven dyeing laboratory. Since Bangladesh is a very potential fashion market and the fashion garments are being manufactured more and more. Hence the fashion trend is rapidly going to garments dyeing from conventional fabric/yarn dyeing processes. Gradually garments dyeing order are increasing higher to higher.

Dy^(3+)掺杂SrGdGa_(3)O_(7)晶体的晶体生长,结构、光学和可见光荧光特性

采用Chzochralski方法成功生长了Dy^(3+)掺杂的SrGdGa_(3)O_(7)晶体,并对其结构和光学特性进行了详细研究。基于XRD数据,采用Rietveld法优化了晶体的晶格参数。分析了Dy:SrGdGa_(3)O_(7)晶体的偏振吸收谱、偏振发射谱和荧光衰减曲线。在452 nm处,π偏振和σ偏振对应的吸收截面分别为0.594×10^(-21)和0.555×10^(-21)cm^(2)。计算得到的有效J-O强度参数Ω_(2)、Ω_(4)和Ω_(6)分别为5.495×10^(-20)、1.476×10^(-20)和1.110×10^(-20)cm^(2)。J-O理论分析和荧光光谱表明:在452 nm激发下,Dy:SrGdGa_(3)O_(7)晶体4F9/2→6H_(13/2)跃迁在可见光波段具有最高的荧光分支比和荧光强度,在574 nm处的π和σ偏振发射截面分别为1.84×10^(-21)和2.49×10^(-21)cm^(2)。Dy^(3+):4F9/2能级的辐射寿命和荧光寿命分别为0.768和0.531 ms,量子效率为69.1%。研究结果表明:Dy^(3+):SrGdGa_(3)O_(7)晶体是一种潜在的可用于蓝光LD泵浦实现黄激光的材料。

白光发射新型磷灰石结构荧光粉LiGd(SiO_(4))6O_(2):Bi^(3+),Dy^(3+)的合成及性能研究

采用高温固相法在1350℃下煅烧6 h合成了LGSO:0.04Bi^(3+),xDy^(3+)(x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)荧光粉。荧光粉样品为磷灰石结构,属于六方晶系,具有P63/m空间群结构。LGSO:0.04Bi^(3+),0.15Dy^(3+)具有多个激发带,和两个发射带,峰值分别位于487 nm和576 nm左右,归因于Bi^(3+):^(1)S_(0)→^(3)P_(1)跃迁和Dy^(3+):^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)橙黄色发光。CIE坐标在(0.3345,0.3658)达到一个白光区域。综上所述,LGSO:Bi^(3+)与Dy^(3+)荧光粉在紫外激发白光LED中具有潜在的应用价值。

具有持续反应活性的g-C_(3)N_(4)/Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)复合材料的光学-催化行为研究

为促进环境友好型光催化技术的应用推广,通过热解聚合方式将g-C3N4负载于多孔Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)蓝色长余辉荧光粉上,制备具有持续反应活性的g-C_(3)N_(4)/Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)复合材料。首次采用累积污染物降解效率等一系列指标评价材料在光照及暗态下综合去除污染物效果。通过微观表征手段和NO去除试验研究了单组分复配质量比对复合材料的光学及催化性能的影响。结果表明,g-C_(3)N_(4)的复合对Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)的荧光强度和余辉性能产生了不利影响;但光照下,提高的光生载流子分离效率和光吸收能力使复合材料的光催化活性增强;暗态下,内在光源Sr_(2)MgSi_(2)O^(7):Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)的存在赋予了复合材料持续去除NO的能力,该能力的持续时间与余辉亮度、光催化活性有关。本研究有助于推动持续活性光催化体系的发展。

Dy^(3+)/Tm^(3+)掺杂Na_(2)Gd(PO_(4))(WO_(4))的制备及发光性能研究

采用二次熔融的高温固相法合成了一系列Dy^(3+)/Tm^(3+)共掺钠-钆-磷钨酸盐(NGPW)荧光材料,研究了其光致发光特性和热稳定性,以及CIE与激发波长的映射关系。改变激发波长可以让NGPW∶2%Tm^(3+),xDy^(3+)(x=1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)荧光粉的颜色从蓝色-冷白色-暖白色-黄色连续变化。在356nm和363nm激发下,可实现白光发射。对共掺杂荧光粉的荧光衰减曲线进行表征,验证了该荧光粉中Dy^(3+)和Tm^(3+)之间存在能量转移。详细研究了能量传递效率和能量传递机理。NGPW∶2%Tm^(3+),xDy^(3+)荧光粉有望成为极具潜力的色彩可调的单组分荧光粉。

On Developing Dyed Yarn by Xiangshui Textile Mill

Dyed yarns are new products in the world. Garments made of yarn dyed fabric are unique, meeting the needs of returning to nature in the fashion world. Dyed yarns, with a high additional value and a big potential market, are made through complicated processes and stringent management.