Cultivation, identification and quantification of one species of yeast-like symbiotes, Candida, in the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, which is one of the most destructive pests of rice, has been confirmed to harbor yeast-like symbiotes （YLS） in the fat body. Several morphologically different YLS have been previously isolated and cultured in vitro from BPH, but direct evidence is lacking to further clarify whether the cultured YLS were from BPH. In this study, one species of YLS was successfully cultured in vitro and simultaneously verified to exist in the fat body of BPH by sequence analysis and nested polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The cultured YLS isolate in vitro was identified as a member of the genus Candida on the basis of 18S rDNA （ribosomal DNA） and 5.8S-ITS （internal transcribed spacer） rDNA sequence and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences from yeast. Therefore, this yeast isolate was named as Candida-like symbiotes. Candida-like symbiotes was found to exist in fat bodies, ovaries and newly laid eggs of the BPH, but not in the heads, thoraxes and mid-guts. In addition, the number of Candida- like symbiotes in 1×106 of purified YLS from BPH fat bodies was speculated to be （5.32±0.22）×104 on the basis of a quantitative PCR analysis.

High Temperature Effects on Yeast-like Endosymbiotes and Pesticide Resistance of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

The newly-hatched nymphs of the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, including field and sensitive populations, were subjected to the high-temperature (35°C) treatment. The number of yeast-like endosymbiotes in SBPH reduced by 23.47%–34.23%, 57.86%–61.51% and 88.96%–90.71% after the high-temperature treatment for 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d, respectively. However, the size of yeast-like endosymbiotes was not obviously affected. Resistance of SBPH to three insecticides (imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos and fipronil) decreased with the increase of treatment time.

The MtRGF6 Peptide Differentially Regulates Root Development and Symbiotic Nodulation of Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus

Rhizobia induces nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes used in agricultural production,providing a direct source of combined nitrogen to leguminous crops.Small peptides,such as CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION peptides(CLE),are known to regulate the formation and development of nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes.Root meristem growth factor(RGF)peptides from Medicago truncatula not only regulate root develop-ment but also modulate nodulation symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti.However,the impact of RGF peptides from one leguminous species on the others remains unclear.In this study,we investigate the effects of the RGF family peptide MtRGF6p from M.truncatula on nodulation symbiosis and root development in Lotus japonicus.The MtRGF6 gene is predominantly expressed in the root nodules of M.truncatula and shows low identity with RGF homologous genes from L.japonicus.The gene promoter is active in the primordia of root nodules and lat-eral roots,as well as in young nodules and roots,and the meristem,infection,and nitrogen-fixing regions of the mature nodule.Chemically synthesized MtRGF6p promoted primary root growth in M.truncatula but sup-pressed the growth of L.japonicus primary roots.The peptide negatively affected the initiation of nodule primor-dia,the formation of infection threads,and nodulation in both legumes,with a low dosage showing effects on L.japonicus compared to M.truncatula.These results suggest that the MtRGF6 peptide from M.truncatula may serve as an inter-species signal affecting the root organ development of L.japonicus.

Anti-Jamming Null Space Projection Beamforming Based on Symbiotic Radio

With the development of information technology,more and more devices are connected to the Internet through wireless communication to complete data interconnection.Due to the broadcast characteristics ofwireless channels,wireless networks have suffered more and more malicious attacks.Physical layer security has received extensive attention from industry and academia.MIMO is considered to be one of the most important technologies related to physical layer security.Through beamforming technology,messages can be transmitted to legitimate users in an offset direction that is as orthogonal as possible to the interference channel to ensure the reception SINR by legitimate users.Combining the symbiotic radio(SR)technology,this paper considers a symbiotic radio antijamming MIMO system equipped with a multi-antenna system at the main base station.In order to avoid the interference signal and improve the SINR of the signal received by the user.The base station is equipped with a uniform rectangular antenna array,and using Null Space Projection(NSP)Beamforming,Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)can assist in changing the beam’s angle.The simulation results show that NSP Beamforming could make a better use of the null space of interference,which can effectively improve the received SINR of users under directional interference,and improve the utilization efficiency of signal energy.

Functions and Applications of Intestinal Symbiotic Microorganisms in Insects

Insects represent a diverse group of organisms on earth that carry a vast array of symbiotic microorganisms in their intestines.These microorganisms have established a complex and intimate symbiotic relationship with their host insects over an extended period of evolutionary adaptation.The population structure of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms in insects exhibits a high degree of diversity,with notable differences among insect species.Conversely,within the same insect species,the population structure of symbiotic microorganisms in specific intestinal sites demonstrates a certain degree of stability and specificity.These symbiotic microorganisms perform various physiological functions in the host insect.Their biological functions encompass nutrient and material metabolism and immune and protective mechanisms,which have significant effects on host insect longevity,development,and reproductive capacity.These microorganisms have diverse applications,including pest control,bioenergy production,the development of insect resources,etc.Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed a growing diversity and biological properties of these microorganisms.The application of these techniques has significantly contributed to the advancement of research in the field of insect intestinal microbial research,providing researchers with powerful tools for a deeper understanding and utilization of these symbiotic microorganisms.This study reviewed the research progress of insect intestinal microorganisms in three aspects:diversity,biological functions,and applications.The objective was to provide useful references and insights for further research and applications of insect intestinal microorganisms.

Development of Highly Efficient Transformation System of Yeast-Like Conidia of Tremella fuciformis

Tremellafuciformis is one of higher basidiomycetes. Its basidiospore can reproduce yeast-like conidia, which is also called the blastospore by budding. The yeast-like conidia of T. fuciformis is monokaryotic and easy to culture by submerged fermentation similar to yeast. Thus, it is a good recipient cell for exogenous gene expression. In this study, the expression plasmid pAN7-1 （containing promoter gpd-An derived from Aspergillus nidulans and selectable marker gene hph conferring resistance to hygromycin B） and plasmid pLg-hph （containing promoter gpd-Le derived from Lentinula edodes and selectable marker gene hph） were transformed into the yeast-like conidia of T. fuciformis by PEG-mediated protoplast transformation, respectively. The primary putative transformants were selected by the sandwich screening method with the selective medium containing 50 μg mL^-1 hygromycin. The putative transformants were obtained from the primary putative transformants transferred on PDSA plates containing 100 μg mL^-1 hygromycin for second round selection. Experimental results showed that the optimal concentration of PEG 4000 for mediating protoplast transformation was 25%. PCR and Southern blotting confirmed that the selectable marker gene hph was integrated effectively into the genome of the yeast-like conidia of T. fuciformis with plasmid pLg-hph transformation. Its transformation efficiency was 110 transformants per μg DNA, and the hph gene was integrated into the genome of some yeast-like conidia with plasmid pAN7-1 transformation. However, its transformation efficiency was only 9 transformants per μg DNA. The presence of hph gene in the genome of transformants after 5 generations of sub- culturing on PDSB medium was confirmed by PCR, suggesting that the foreign gene hph was stable during subculture.

Dynamics and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in Apolygus lucorum at different developmental stages

Background Apolygus lucorum is a worldwide omnivorous pest damaging a range of crops and causing great economic losses.Symbiotic bacteria living in insects play a key role in the nutrition,physiology,and behavior of hosts.Here,we present an experiment using Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the V3–V4 regions of bacteria’s 16S rRNA throughout the entire life cycle of A.lucorum.Results The first and second instar nymphs have the largest alpha diversity compared with other life stages of the insect.Bacterial phyla Proteobacteria(72.29%),Firmicutes(15.24%),Actinobacteria(7.76%)exhibit the largest relative abundance in all developmental stages.Erwinia(23.97%)and Lactococcus(10.62%)are the two genera with the high-est relative abundance.The relative abundance of Erwinia in the nymph stage is significantly greater than the adult stage,and the relative abundance of Lactococcus in 6-day-old and 9-day-old adult females is higher compared with adult males.Conclusions These results reveal that microbial community composition and relative abundance shift dynamically at different life stages,implying that different bacterial phyla and genera may have specific roles in specific life stages such as metabolism,nutrition absorption,detoxification,and reproduction.This study reveals for the first time the community composition and ecological dynamics of symbiotic bacteria throughout the life stages of A.lucorum,and thus may provide insight to new strategies for pest control.

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Hybrid Phase and Code Modulation for Symbiotic Radio

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted symbiotic radio is a spectrum-and energy-efficient communication paradigm,in which an RIS performs passive beamforming to enhance active transmission,while using the electromagnetic waves from the active transmission for additional information transfer(i.e.,passive transmission).In this paper,a hybrid RIS-based modulation,termed hybrid phase and code modulation(HPCM),is proposed to improve the reliability of RIS-assisted symbiotic radio.In RIS-HPCM,the RIS simultaneously performs direct sequence spread spectrum and passive beamforming on incident signals.Moreover,both the spreading code and phase offset are exploited to carry the RIS’s own information.A low-complexity detector is designed,in which the receiver first detects the spreading codes and then demodulates the constellation symbols.We analyze the bit error rate(BER)performance of RIS-HPCM over Rician fading channels.BER upper bounds and approximate BER expressions are derived in closed-form for maximum-likelihood and low-complexity detectors,respectively.Simulation results in terms of BER verify the analysis and show the superiority of RIS-HPCM over the existing RIS-based modulation.

Eco-efficiency evaluation of symbiotic network for environmental governance PPP projects

Under the goal of "double carbon " strategy,the government and enterprises collaborate to form an efficient environmental governance symbiosis network to reduce pollution and carbon.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces,the static and dynamic eco-efficiency of the symbiotic network of environmental governance PPP projects are measured by using the SBM model and Malmquist index considering the super-efficiency of non-expected output.The results show that:(1) 8 provinces,including Hebei,have efficiency values greater than 1;11 provinces,including Liaoning,have organizational technology and management levels conducive to efficiency improvement,and 12 provinces,including Zhejiang,are closest to optimal scale efficiency.(2) Redundancy of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures,urban environmental infrastructure construction investment and new product development projects,insufficient waste gas treatment capacity,environmental emergencies and carbon emission redundancy are all significant factors affecting eco-efficiency.(3) The dynamic efficiency of 8 provinces,including Fujian,shows a decreasing trend,and the Malmquist index and its decomposition indicate that the utilization rate of environmental governance technology should be improved and environmental resources should be allocated rationally.

Machines,Tools and Tool Transporter Concurrent Scheduling in Multi⁃machine FMS with Alternative Routing Using Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm

This study explored the concurrent scheduling of machines, tools, and tool transporter(TT) with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system(FMS), taking into mind the tool transfer durations for minimization of the makespan(MSN). When tools are expensive, just a single copy of every tool kind is made available for use in the FMS system. Because the tools are housed in a central tool magazine(CTM), which then distributes and delivers them to many machines, because there is no longer a need to duplicate the tools in each machine, the associated costs are avoided. Choosing alternative machines for job operations(jb-ons), assigning tools to jb-ons, sequencing jb-ons on machines, and arranging allied trip activities, together with the TT’s loaded trip times and deadheading periods, are all challenges that must be overcome to achieve the goal of minimizing MSN. In addition to a mixed nonlinear integer programming(MNLIP) formulation for this simultaneous scheduling problem, this paper suggests a symbiotic organisms search algorithm(SOSA) for the problem’s solution. This algorithm relies on organisms’ symbiotic interaction strategies to keep living in an ecosystem. The findings demonstrate that SOSA is superior to the Jaya algorithm in providing solutions and that using alternative machines for operations helps bring down MSN.

Identifying Symbiotic Stars with Machine Learning

Symbiotic stars are interacting binary systems, making them valuable for studying various astronomical phenomena, such as stellar evolution, mass transfer, and accretion processes. Despite recent progress in the discovery of symbiotic stars, a significant discrepancy between the observed population of symbiotic stars and the number predicted by theoretical models. To bridge this gap, this study utilized machine learning techniques to efficiently identify new symbiotic star candidates. Three algorithms(XGBoost, LightGBM, and Decision Tree)were applied to a data set of 198 confirmed symbiotic stars and the resulting model was then used to analyze data from the LAMOST survey, leading to the identification of 11,709 potential symbiotic star candidates. Out of these potential symbiotic star candidates listed in the catalog, 15 have spectra available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) survey. Among these 15 candidates, two candidates, namely V^(*)V603 Ori and V^(*)GN Tau, have been confirmed as symbiotic stars. The remaining 11 candidates have been classified as accreting-only symbiotic star candidates. The other two candidates, one of which has been identified as a galaxy by both SDSS and LAMOST surveys, and the other identified as a quasar by SDSS survey and as a galaxy by LAMOST survey.

分级诊疗体系医生协作共生效应测评问卷研制及维度内在关系研究

目的研制分级诊疗体系医生协作共生效应测评问卷,剖析并验证医生协作共生效应的结构维度及其内在逻辑关系。方法采用文献资料及专题小组讨论法阐释分级诊疗体系医生协作共生效应的概念内涵及构成要素,研制其测评问卷。采用多阶段抽样对1959名医生进行现场问卷调查。结果医生协作共生效应测评问卷包括协作认知、协作信任、协作意愿、协作行为4个维度,共10个条目。问卷总体及4个维度的Cronbach’sα系数均大于0.7。探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,方差累计贡献率为86.7%;验证性因子分析结果显示,医生协作共生效应测评问卷4个维度的组成信度均大于0.7,平均方差萃取量均大于0.5。协作认知通过协作信任与协作意愿的链式中介作用影响协作行为。结论研制的医生协作共生效应测评问卷信效度较好,其各维度契合了“知”“情”“意”“行”相互影响的结构关系,可作为分级诊疗体系不同医疗机构间医生协作共生效应及程度评价的参考工具。

共生与推拉:乡村振兴示范创建实现路径——基于全国46个优秀案例的扎根研究

作为一种创新的治理模式和实践路径,“百县千乡万村”乡村振兴示范创建顺应时代要求而生,蕴含并延续了典型治理的内在逻辑。基于扎根理论,选取《全国乡村振兴优秀案例》中的46个权威案例进行3级编码,构建双驱动式金字塔模型以阐释乡村振兴示范创建的实现路径。研究发现:共生单元是乡村振兴示范创建的行动主体,共生环境是乡村振兴示范创建的现实场域,共生界面是乡村振兴示范创建的互动逻辑,共生动力是乡村振兴示范创建的双重驱动。基于现实挑战,应构建乡村振兴示范创建成效评价机制,走人、地、业耦合发展之路,推进数字乡村建设。

从ChatGPT审视负责任创新:阻碍因素与转型方向

ChatGPT的勃兴再次激化了技术创新加速和社会适应水平滞后两者间的尖锐矛盾,使人类被迫面临前所未有的经济、政治、文化和环境风险,进而使有关负责任创新的呼声愈演愈烈。但作为技术伦理准则的负责任创新沿袭了熊彼特范式下基于竞争逻辑的创新,其设计的ARDR模型一方面从未在根本上调控创新较之于负责任的支配性优势,另一方面把负责任简化为线性流程,导致负责任看似获得与创新并列的地位,实则在创新蕴含的人际竞争、公司竞争、国际竞争面前屡屡沦为点缀。唯有在后熊彼特范式下依托基于共生逻辑的创新保卫负责任,才能建构起真正具备约束力的伦理准则,削弱不负责任创新赖以扩散的社会基础,使通过负责任停滞促成制度跟进变为可能。实现上述目标不仅要求各国完善内部治理,而且需要负责任的大国制定跨国人工智能治理框架,使人工智能的发展对全人类有益。

国家公园生态产品价值实现的机制及模式——以神农架国家公园为例

探究生态产品价值实现的机制及模式是国家公园加快生态文明建设、推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键。构建了国家公园社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,分析国家公园生态产品特征并划分类别,以神农架国家公园试点为例,探究了国家公园生态产品价值的实现路径与机制,建立了国家公园生态产品价值实现模式。结果表明:(1)国家公园复合生态系统由社会、经济和自然生态系统构成,形成一个相互影响、相互关联的整体。(2)国家公园生态产品具有生物生产性、资源稀缺性、人类收益性、地域整体性、政策依赖性、利益平衡性等特征,识别与分类生态产品有助于复合生态系统的平稳运行与健康发展,进而实现生态产品价值。(3)国家公园生态产品总体分为公共性、准公共性和经营性三类,并由政府主导、社区主导、市场主导与多主体复合型路径组成的价值实现路径体系完成价值实现。(4)国家公园生态产品价值实现机制由生态保护机制、经济发展机制、社区进步机制和协调保障机制四部分构成,服务于生态保护、产业发展和社区振兴三个目标。(5)国家公园生态产品价值实现过程中存在一定问题,以生态保护为首要任务、旅游发展为实现路径、社区振兴为核心目标,构建神农架国家公园“生态保护-旅游发展-社区振兴”共生模式,并进一步提出生态产品价值实现的生态旅游模式,以协调处理神农架国家公园复合生态系统结构内的矛盾,实现国家公园生态产品价值的最大化。综上所述,丰富了生态产品价值实现理论,并为国家公园生态产品价值实现模式提供了重要的科学依据与决策参考。国家公园“生态保护-旅游发展-社区振兴”的共生模式以及国家公园生态产品实现的生态旅游模式,将为国家公园生态产品价值的实现提供更加全面与有效的路径与模式。

共生视域下区域数字创新生态系统进化与障碍度研究

建设区域数字创新生态系统对提升创新驱动力、实现数字中国具有重要现实意义。从共生视域结合技术进化理论,分析区域数字创新生态系统内涵与进化机制,进而构建评价指标体系,基于2013-2021年省级面板数据,运用共生度、共生进化动量和障碍因子诊断分析模型等探究区域数字创新生态系统进化过程及障碍度。结果表明:①我国区域数字创新生态系统共生度整体呈现上升趋势,但地区差异显著;②共生进化呈现良好发展态势,但也存在明显的区域“马太效应”,总体进化动量非均衡性波动减小,区域不均衡是造成总体进化动量不均衡的主要来源,进化动量轨迹由初、中级水平转向中高、高级水平;③区域共生基质是制约共生进化的主要障碍因子,其数字技术发展平均障碍度为37.47%,是影响数字创新生态系统发展的关键。

夜蛾斯氏线虫SRP 18-91共生菌代谢产物及其抑菌活性研究

为了明确夜蛾斯氏线虫SRP 18-91共生菌发酵液对植物致病菌的抑制作用,本研究采用抑制菌丝生长速率法测定夜蛾斯氏线虫SRP 18-91共生菌发酵液对5种植物致病真菌的抑制作用,试验结果表明草莓炭疽菌和大豆疫霉菌对共生菌发酵液具有较高的敏感性,其中对大豆疫霉菌的抑制率最高可达96.8%,对炭疽病菌的抑制率最高可达90.8%。温室盆栽试验结果表明,发酵液原液对大豆孢囊线虫的防治效果达61.47%。通过16S rRNA鉴定,夜蛾斯氏线虫SRP 18-91共生菌为伯氏致病杆菌;通过液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC/MS)对发酵液粗提物进行组分测定结果表明,共生菌发酵液粗提物的主要组成成分为三萜类化合物、戊酸代谢物、戊霉素、羟基喹啉和氨基酸类化合物,其中发酵48 h的共生菌发酵液粗提物中8-羟基喹啉组分丰富度最高。

六盘山区幼龄蒙古栎根系共生真菌的分离和鉴定

为阐明幼龄蒙古栎根系可培养共生真菌的群落结构和动态变化,该文从不同年龄的幼龄蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)根系分离可培养共生真菌,并通过菌落形态学结合分子生物学的方法对其物种进行鉴定,结果表明:(1)从幼龄蒙古栎根系中分离获得249株真菌,经鉴定隶属于2门5纲7目8科15属18种,其中2种隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycetes),16种隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。种水平上,以灰粉无柄盘孢菌(Pezicula pruinosa)分离频率最高,占分离菌株总数的81.93%;托雷斯氏丛赤壳菌(Dactylonectria torresensis)、强壮土赤壳菌(Ilyonectria robusta)、北美黑盘菌(Atrocalyx nordicus)次之,分别占分离菌株总数的4.02%、2.01%和2.01%。(2)共生真菌种类和数量在不同树龄的蒙古栎中表现出较大差异,其中4~5年生植株分离频率最高(44.98%),依次为3年生植株(29.32%)、2年生植株(19.68%)和1年生植株(6.02%)。综上认为,宁夏六盘山幼龄蒙古栎根系可培养共生真菌种类丰富,随树龄增长其种类和数量增加;灰粉无柄盘孢菌是六盘山幼龄蒙古栎根系可培养共生真菌的绝对优势物种。该研究结果为进一步挖掘植物共生微生物资源,探索蒙古栎与共生微生物互作在本地逆境的适应机制提供了参考。

“双碳”战略与新质生产力的耦合机制、要素解构与共生路径

新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力,因此作为加速推进国家能源绿色转型的关键部署,“双碳”战略与新质生产力具有显著的耦合共生关系。新质生产力发展为“双碳”战略进行核心技术绿色创新探寻新空间,“双碳”战略实施为新质生产力系统构建绿色经济政策体系铸就新基底。通过解构共生单元、共生模式、共生界面、共生环境等要素,本文从四个维度提出“双碳”战略与新质生产力的共生路径:聚合共生单元,激发多元主体的深度参与动力;创设共生模式,推动“双碳”战略与新质生产力的互惠共进;强化共生界面,打通绿色低碳发展与新质生产力的传输协同渠道;营造共生环境,构建绿色经济政策体系的制度优势,以此实现稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和、促进生产力系统性跃升的齐路并进。

一级学科更名对档案学专业人才培养的影响及其共生理路

档案学专业人才培养是专业建设的根本落脚点,是我国档案事业发展的动力源泉,是强化现代化人才支撑的重要一环。“图书情报与档案管理”一级学科更名为“信息资源管理”,为档案学专业人才培养带来了重要机遇,同时也提出了更高要求。共生理论强调协同合作,实现互利双赢,基于这一理论探讨档案学专业人才培养中的共生单元、共生模式和共生环境,提出通过促进共生单元目标同向、协同创新,稳固共生模式对称互惠和构筑共生环境正向效度来构建档案学专业人才培养的共生发展之路。同时指出,“更名”不是“矮化”,更不是“取消”,档案学要始终坚守专业独立,在专业人才培养中守护和发展好自身独有的传统特色。