Genetic variation of yellow pigment and its components in foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.) P.Beauv.) from different eco-regions in China

Kernel color is an important trait for assessing the commercial and nutritional quality of foxtail millet. Yellow pigment content （YPC） and carotenoid components （lutein and zeaxanthin） of 270 foxtail millet accessions, including 50 landraces and 220 improved cultivars, from four different eco-regions in China were surveyed using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Results indicated that YPC had rich variance, ranging from 1.91 to 28.54 mg kg-1, with an average value of 17.80 mg kg-1. The average YPC of improved cultivars （18.31 mg kg-1） was significantly higher than that of landraces （15.51 mg kg-l）. The YPC in cultivars from the Loess Plateau spring sowing region （LPSSR） was the highest （20.59 mg kg-~）, followed by the North China summer sowing region （NCSSR, 18.25 mg kg-1）, the northeast spring sowing region （NSSR, 17.25 mg kg-1）, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau spring sowing region （IMPSSR, 13.92 mg kg-1）. The variation coefficients of YPC in cultivars from NSSR, LPSSR, and IMPSSR were higher than that from NCSSR. A similar carotenoid profile was also obtained for 270 foxtail millet cultivars. Lutein and zeaxanthin accounted for approximately 55-65% of YPC in accessions. The lutein content was higher than zeaxanthin content in all cultivars. The ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin ranged from 1.51 to 6.06 with an average of 3.34. YPC was positively correlated with lutein （r=0.935, P〈0.01）, zeaxanthin （r=0.808, P〈0.01 ）, and growth duration （t=0.488, P〈0.01 ）, whereas it was negatively correlated with grain protein （t=-0.332, P〈0.01） and 1 000-kernel weight （t=-0.153, P〈0.05）. Our study is useful for screening and selecting cultivars with high levels of yellow pigment and for enhancing phytochemical concentrations in breeding programs.

Effect of safflower yellow pigment combined with cerebellin on neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke and its mechanism

Objective: To investigate the effects of safflower yellow pigment combined with cerebellin on neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke and analyze its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 130 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to my hospital from May 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method, 65 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cerebroside carnosine. And the study group was treated with safflower yellow pigment on the basis of the control group. The changes of neurological function index, oxidative stress index, vascular endothelial function index and inflammatory factor were compared before and after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in preoperative neurological parameters, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the neurological function indexes S-100β and NSE were significantly lower in both groups, and NGF levels were significantly increased. The S-100β and NSE levels in the study group were (0.91±0.10) ng/L and (12.91±1.33) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than control group. While the NGF level of the study group was (79.52±8.07) μg/L significantly higher than that of the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of Ox-LDL were significantly reduced and GSH-Px levels were significantly elevated in both groups after treatment. The level of oxidative stress index Ox-LDL was (563.51±57.10) μg/dL, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the GSH-Px level was (154.55±16.07) U/L, which was significantly higher than the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of vascular endothelial function NT-proBNP, TXB2 and ET-1 were significantly lower in the two groups after treatment. The NT-proBNP, TXB2 and ET-1 in the study group were (95.91±9.77) pg/mL, (245.69±25.06) pg/mL and (64.26±6.65) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors MMP-9 and TNF-α were significantly lower in the two groups after treatment. The levels of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the study group were (60.64±6.12) ng/mL and (0.33±0.04) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Safflor yellow combined with cerebellin in the treatment of ischemic stroke has higher clinical efficacy and can significantly improve the neurological function of patients. The possible mechanism is related to the improvement of vascular endothelial function and stress response.

Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

Molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family Hygrophoraceae.The phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are:Acantholichen,Ampulloclitocybe,Arrhenia,Cantharellula,Cantharocybe,Chromosera,Chrysomphalina,Cora,Corella,Cuphophyllus,Cyphellostereum,Dictyonema,Eonema,Gliophorus,Haasiella,Humidicutis,Hygroaster,Hygrocybe,Hygrophorus,Lichenomphalia,Neohygrocybe,Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella.A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as Gloioxanthomyces.Revisions were made at the ranks of subfamily,tribe,genus,subgenus,section and subsection.We present three new subfamilies,eight tribes(five new),eight subgenera(one new,one new combination and one stat.nov.),26 sections(five new and three new combinations and two stat.nov.)and 14 subsections(two new,two stat.nov.).Species of Chromosera,Gliophorus,Humidicutis,and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe;we therefore provide valid names in both classification systems.We used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and combinations.Consequently,we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus,Ampulloclitocybe andCantharocybe,despite weak phylogenetic support.We include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are lacking.The lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s.,comprising the genera Aphroditeola,Macrotyphula,Phyllotopsis,Pleurocybella,Sarcomyxa,Tricholomopsis and Typhula.

New environmental-friendly yellow pigments Y4-xAxMoO9+δ（A =Ta,Tb）

A series of inorganic yellow pigments with general formula Y4-xAxMoO9+δ(A = Ta, Tb), where x = 0,0.05,0.1,0.2, 0.4 for Ta and χ = 0, 0.005, 0.01.0.03, 0.05 for Tb,were synthesized by a conventional ceramic method at 1400 ℃ for 6 h in air. The samples were characterized by XRD,EDS,XPS,SEM,TG-DSC,UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy and CIE L*a*b* color scales. It is found that the substitution of A(A = Ta, Tb) for Y3+ in Y4 MoO9 decreases the NIR reflectance of the pigment samples, but the developed pigments Y4-xAxMoO9+δ(A = Ta, Tb) still exhibit impressive NIR solar reflectance. The brighter yellow color of inorganic pigments Y4-xAxMoO9+δ(A = Ta, Tb) is available when x is about 0.1 for Ta and 0.01 for Tb. The results make them a series of potential candidates as ecological yellow pigments because of their high reflectance, lightness, intense coloration and excellent thermal and chemical stability.

Stable isotopic composition of otoliths in identification of stock structure of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) in China

Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios（δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C） in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea representing most of their distributional range and fisheries areas.The significant differences in the isotopic signatures showed that the five locations could be chemically distinguished and clearly separated,indicating stock subdivision.Correlation of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values suggested that population of L.polyactis could be divided into the Bohai Sea group,the southern Yellow Sea group and the central Yellow Sea group.Discriminant analysis of δ^（18）O and δ^（13）C values demonstrated a high significant difference with 85.7% classification accuracy.The spatial separation of L.polyactis indicated a complex stock structure across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.These results indicate that optimal fisheries management may require a comprehensive consideration on the current spatial arrangements.This study has provided further evidence that measurement of the stable isotopes ratios in otolith can be a valuable tool in the delineation of fishery management units.

Chemical and Isotopic Characters of the Water and Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yellow River and Their Geological and Environmental Implications

The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials （SPM） in the Yellow River were investigated on the samples collected from 29 hydrological monitoring stations in the mainstem and several major tributaries during 2004 to 2007. The JD and δ^18O values of the Yellow River water vary in large ranges from -32%0 to -91‰ and from -3.1‰ to -12.5‰, respectively. The characters of H and O isotope variations indicate that the major sources of the Yellow River water are meteoric water and snow melting water, and water cycle in the Yellow River basin is affected strongly by evaporation process and human activity. The average SPM content （9.635 g/L） of the Yellow River is the highest among the world large rivers. Compared with the Yangtze River, the Yellow River SPM has much lower clay content and significantly higher contents of clastic silicates and carbonates. In comparison to the upper crust rocks, the Yellow River SPM contains less SiO2, CaO, K2O and Na2O, but more TFe203, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The abnormal high Cd contents found in some sample may be related to local industrial activity. The REE contents and distribution pattern of the Yellow River SPM are very close to the average value of the global shale. The average δ^30Sisp in the Yellow River （-0.11‰） is slightly higher than the average value （-0.22‰） of the Yangtze River SPM. The major factors controlling the δ^30Si SPM of the Yellow River are the soil supply, the isotopic composition of the soil and the climate conditions. The TDS in the Yellow River are the highest among those of world large rivers. Fair correlations are observed among Cl, Na^＋, K^＋, and Mg^2＋ contents of the Yellow River water, indicating the effect of evaporation. The Ca^2＋ and Sr^2＋ concentrations show good correlation to the SO42 concentration rather than HCO3-concentration, reflecting its origin from evaporates. The NO3-contents are affected by farmland fertilization. The Cu, Zn and Cd contents in dissolved load of the Yellow River water are all higher than those of average world large rivers, reflecting the effect of human activity. The dissolved load in the Yellow River water generally shows a REE distribution pattern parallel to those for the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River. The δ^30Si values of the dissolved silicon vary in a range from 0.4%0 to 2.9%0, averaging 1.34%o. The major processes controlling the Dsi weathering process of silicate rocks, growth of and δ^30SiDiss of the Yellow River water are the phytolith in plants, evaporation, dissolution of phytolith in soil, growth of fresh water diatom, adsorption and desorption of aqueous monosilicic acid on iron oxide and human activities. The average δ^30^SiDiss value of the Yellow River is significantly lower than that of the Nile River, Yangtze River and Siberia rivers, but higher than those of other rivers, reflecting their differences in chemical weathering and biological activity. The δ^34SSO4 values of the Yellow River water range from -3.8%0 to 14.1%o, averaging 7.97%0. There is some correlation between SO4^2- content and δ^34SSO4. The factors controlling the δ^34SSO4 of the Yellow River water are the SO4 in the meteoric water, the SO4 from gypsum or anhydrite in evaporite rocks, oxidation and dissolution of sulfides in the mineral deposits, magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks, the sulfate reduction and precipitation process and the sulfate from fertilizer. The ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios of all samples range from 0.71041 to 0.71237, averaging 0.71128. The variations in the ^87Sr/^86Sr ratio and Sr concentration of river water are primarily caused by mixing of waters of various origins with different 87Sr/S6Sr ratios and Sr contents resulting from water-rock interaction with different rock types.

Catalytic effects of trace ruthenium on oxidation of dimethyl yellow with bromate and its application

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium(III) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of dimethyl yellow (DMY) with potassium bromate in an acid solution medium and in the presence of an OP emulsifier (p-iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) at 100 °C. This reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 530 nm of the catalytic reaction of DMY. The calibration curve for the recommended method was linear in the concentration range over 0.0–1.0 μg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru(III) was 0.01 μg/L. The method is highly sensitive, selective and very stable and has been successfully applied for the determination of trace amounts of ruthenium in some ores and metallurgy products with the relative standard deviations (RSD) over 1.6%–2.8% and a recovery over 98.7%–104.0%.

Combining otolith elemental signatures with multivariate analytical models to verify the migratory pattern of Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius) in the southern Yellow Sea

Japanese Spanish mackerel,Scomberomorus niphonius,is a commercially important,highly migratory species that is widely distributed throughout the northwestern Pacific region.However,its life history and migratory patterns are only partially understood.This study used otolith chemistry to investigate the migratory pattern of S.niphonius in the southern Yellow Sea,an important fishing ground.Transverse sections of otoliths from 15 age-1 spawning or spent individuals,comprising up to one complete migration cycle,were analyzed from the core to the margin by using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The ratios of the element to Ca were integrated with microstructural analysis to produce age-related elemental profiles.Combining multielemental analysis of otolith composition with multivariate analytical models,we quantified structural changes in otolith chemistry profiles.Results revealed there were diverse changing patterns of otolith chemistry profiles for detected elements and the elements of Na,Mg,Sr and Ba were important for the chronological signal.Five clusters were identified through chronological clustering,representing the five life stages from the early stage to the spawning stage.Variation of Ba:Ca ratio was most informative,showing a step-decreasing pattern in the first four stages and a rebound in the spawning stage.These results support the hypothesized migratory pattern of S.niphonius:hatching and spending their early life in the coastal sandy ridges system of the southern Yellow Sea,migrating northeastward and offshore for feeding during juvenile stage,aggregating in early October and migrating outward to the Jeju Island for wintering,and returning to the coastal waters for spawning.This study demonstrated the value of life-history related otolith chemistry profiles combined with multivariate analytical models was a means to verify the migration patterns of S.niphonius at regional scales with potential application in fisheries assessment and management.

STUDY ON COATING MECHANISM OF TITANIA-MICA PEARLY PIGMENTS

The coating mechanism of titania-mica pearly pigments was studied by analysing the surface properties of mica flakes and TiO2 - H2O colloid particle as well as the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of TiClt solution ,SEM and other analysis methods were used. The optimum coating reaction conditions were found.

Study on distributional characteristics of phytoplankton population in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the summer 2015

Marine phytoplankton plays a very important role in marine ecology,environment and global climate change,and it is an indicative organism for measuring water quality.The Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China have unique geographical locations.Therefore,the characteristics of phytoplankton population distribution in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are of great significance to the study of marine ecology in China.In this work,the pigment data obtained from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in August 2015 were analyzed by HPLC(High-Performance Liquid Chromatography).Then the pigment data were analyzed statistically by the CHEMTAX software,so that the phytoplankton community structure information was obtained.Results show that in summer 2015,from the perspective of sea area,the biomass of phytoplankton in the surface of Bohai Sea is higher than that in the Yellow Sea,while the phytoplankton biomass in the surface of North Yellow Sea is higher than that in the South.From the perspective of dominant species of phytoplankton,the surface waters of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were dominated by diatoms,prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes,accounting for 55.76%,14.56%and 14.55%respectively.Among them,diatoms accounted for the absolute advantage.

Genetics and Characteristics of a Pigmentation Defective Laboratory Strain of the Lady Beetle, Coleomegilla maculata

Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial insects in agroecosystems by exploring genetic processes related to nutrition. As a part of this research, colonies of Coleomegilla maculata have been maintained in culture and inbred over many generations since 2009. One result of this inbreeding has been the discovery of novel morphological phenotypes unique to laboratory strains or present in wild populations at such low levels that they have not yet been described. One such phenotype is described here. The strain described here, ye (yellow elytra and eyes) was characterized with classical Mendelian breeding and digital image analysis. This phenotype differs from wild populations by possessing yellow pigment in the elytra and pale grey to white eyes. In contrast, wild populations of C. maculata possess pink or red pigmented elytra with black spots, and black eyes. C. maculata is not known to exhibit polymorphism in the field. Inheritance is autosomal and recessive. This species was not previously known to exhibit the dramatic variation of color described here. The strain is stable in the homozygous recessive form, and retains laboratory rearing characteristics similar to the wild type laboratory strain.

Gd^(3+)、Mo^(6+)共掺杂BiVO_(4)颜料的制备及表征

在炎热地区,将色彩艳丽的环境友好型高近红外反射颜料作为建筑外墙以及交通工具的外漆,可减少制冷所需要的空调能耗,可在满足人们视觉需求的同时,有效缓解城市“热岛效应”.离子掺杂是调和颜料的色彩的重要手段.研究采用固相煅烧法制备了钆离子和钼离子共掺杂的(Gd_(0.5)Mo)_(x)(BiV)_(1-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)近红外反射黄色颜料.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、色度仪和热重–示差扫描量热仪(TG–DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对颜料样品的结构组成、反射特性、颜色及热稳定性等进行了测试表征.结果表明,制备的颜料样品为单斜白钨矿结构,Gd^(3+)和Mo^(6+)通过取代Bi^(3+)和V^(5+),成功进入BiVO4晶格.随着掺杂量的增加,样品颜色由暗黄向明黄转变,在700~2500 nm波段近红外反太阳光射率最高达到82.5%.所制备的颜料具有良好的热稳定性.因而,黄色(Gd_(0.5)Mo)_(x)(BiV)_(1-x)O_(4)可作为热反射隔热候选颜料用于建筑及交通工具等领域.

亚麻籽水溶蛋白与红曲黄色素相互作用及其对色素稳定性的影响

红曲黄色素是常见的天然食用色素且具有多种生理功效,但其水溶性较差,且对光、热、酸碱敏感,限制了其在食品领域的广泛应用。以亚麻籽水溶蛋白(water-soluble flaxseed protein,FPW)为载体制备其与红曲黄色素的复合物,利用组合光谱分析技术研究两种红曲黄色素(monascin,MS和ankaflavin,AK)与FPW之间的相互作用行为,考察FPW同富含红曲黄色素的红曲色素(Monascus pigments,Mps)复合后,色素在水溶液中的分散性与稳定性变化情况。荧光光谱分析发现,MS和AK均以静态猝灭方式与FPW结合,且均只存在一个结合位点,FP W-AK体系的结合常数大于FP W-MS体系;热力学参数分析表明,维系FP W-MS体系的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力,维系FP W-AK体系的主要作用力为氢键和静电作用。同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱分析表明,MS或AK的加入使FPW的氨基酸残基微环境发生改变,从而引起FPW的构象改变。紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱研究结果进一步证明,MS和AK的添加使FPW的二级结构发生改变。此外,与FPW复合后,Mps在水中的分散性提高,且与不同浓度的FPW形成复合物后,在温度为25℃,光照强度为3900 Lux,光照时间为72 h时,与游离的Mps相比,FP W-Mps的保留率分别提高了9.53%、16.92%、31.37%;在温度为4、25、50℃的避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了25.65%、22.04%、25.98%;在温度为25℃,pH值为3、5、7、9、11,避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了10.27%、12.96%、12.06%、17.82%、7.27%。与FPW复合后,在不同光照时间、温度和pH值条件下,Mps的保留率均增加,表明FPW可以提高Mps的光稳定性、热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。研究旨在为红曲黄色素稳定性研究提供新的思路。

羟基红花黄色素A对自发性高血压大鼠肾损伤的保护作用

采用生化检测、HE染色和免疫组化技术,研究了羟基红花黄色素A(Hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)对自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)血清生化、氧化应激和肾脏病理的影响.结果表明:与SHR模型组相比,不同剂量HSYA可调节SHR的血清REN、AngⅡ、ALD、ACE、TNF-α和IL-6含量,提高肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量,上调HMGCS2蛋白表达,改善肾脏病理程度.

明胶基可食墨水的制备及其书写绘画应用

该研究采用高效机械耦合工艺(机械多级搅拌+高压低时剪切球磨)制备以明胶为连接料、水溶性天然色素(栀子蓝、胭脂虫红和栀子黄)为色料、甘油为助剂的一系列可食墨水。结果表明,当栀子蓝、胭脂虫红和栀子黄的添加量分别为0.75、0.70、0.65 g/mL时,明胶基可食墨水体系的色彩呈现度和三阶段触变性测试触变恢复率最好;明胶质量浓度1.0 g/L时,明胶基可食墨水体系有较好的稳定性和分散特性,表现为较好的冻融稳定性和低沉降率;此外,加入0.1%(体积分数)甘油可以改善明胶基可食墨水体系的离心稳定性和流变特性(触变指数)。实验表明,以明胶为连接料、水溶性天然色素为色料、甘油为助剂可制备绘画书写表现优秀的、相对稳定的可食墨水体系,为可食墨水的研发和食品应用提供借鉴。

玉米黄色素微胶囊在风味发酵乳中的应用

本文使用超声辅助麦芽糊精(Malto Dextrin,MD)制备玉米黄色素(Maize Yellow Pigment,MYP)微胶囊,以提高MYP的溶解度和稳定性,对其进行了结构表征、理化测定和性能测定,并将其应用于风味发酵乳。扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外结果证实了微胶囊的形成,粒径和电位结果证明了微胶囊为纳米级且稳定,热重结果表明微胶囊提高了MYP的热稳定性;最优条件下微胶囊中的包埋率为33.51%;微胶囊的溶解度、稳定性明显提高,微胶囊的抗氧化活性随着MYP的增加而增强,微胶囊生物利用度明显提高(P<0.01);样品组与对照组酸奶相比,分析的理化指标未显示显著差异(p>0.05)。本文研究表明所制备的MYP微胶囊可以增强MYP的溶解性、稳定性和缓释性,可以用作酸奶中的着色剂和抗氧化剂。

山西谷子主要农艺性状与黄色素含量的相关性分析

为探明影响小米黄色素含量的主要因素,以期为谷子育种中优异种质的筛选提供依据,以山西292份地方品种为材料,于2020年和2022年种植在山西农业大学东阳示范基地,对谷子米色、黄色素2个品质性状和株高、颈长、叶长、叶宽、主穗长度、主穗直径、主茎节数、主茎直径共8个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析,并基于主成分分析计算其综合得分。结果表明,山西谷子地方品种的颈长变异最为丰富,黄色素含量变异系数为22.42%,次于颈长而高于主茎直径。相关性分析表明,黄色素含量与株高、颈长、叶长、主茎直径4个农艺性状和a*、b*、CCI共3个米色相关指标均呈极显著正相关,与主穗直径呈极显著负相关,与主茎节数呈显著正相关。主成分分析表明,4个主成分的累计贡献率达到73.62%,可用于表述谷子黄色素含量、米色和8个主要农艺性状的大部分信息。可见,小米米色是黄色素含量的重要影响因素,谷子株高、颈长、叶长、主茎直径、主穗直径、主茎节数可能影响小米黄色素含量。依据综合得分,发现第266号来自于忻州市繁峙县的金点鱼综合得分最高,其黄色素的含量为27.27μg/g,CCI值为3.71,表型性状表现优异。

C.I.颜料黄155的溶剂法颜料化工艺研究

为提高C.I.颜料黄155的应用性能,由2-氨基-对苯二甲酸二甲酯经重氮化反应后再与1,4-双乙酰乙酰对苯二胺偶合,得到C.I.颜料黄155粗品,分别采用有机溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)对其进行处理以及水热处理,得到各C.I.颜料黄155样品。并讨论了溶剂处理对C.I.颜料黄155颜料的颜色、晶型、热稳定性、水接触角、粒径等性能的影响。结果表明:C.I.颜料黄155粗品经过DMF和NMP颜料化后,颜料结晶度较高且粒径减小,颗粒分布变窄,溶剂处理后的C.I.颜料黄155着色力可达109.9%,疏水性增大。

黄鸡皮肤着色影响因素以及相关措施

黄鸡的皮肤着色是影响消费者购买欲望的一个重要因素,也是当前黄鸡养殖企业面临的一个重要问题。本文结合当前对肉鸡皮肤着色的相关研究,综述了黄鸡皮肤着色的影响因素以及相关措施。

水解法制备氧化硅包覆钒酸铋黄色颜料及其表征

研究先采用共沉淀法制备了未包裹BiVO_(4)黄色色料,再以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用水解法制备了SiO_(2)包裹BiVO_(4)包裹色料。系统研究了Si/Bi摩尔比和水浴温度对包裹色料耐温性的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对色料进行了表征。结果表明,当反应温度为45℃、nSi/Bi=4时,可得到耐温性最佳的BiVO_(4)@SiO_(2)色料,其色度参数L*、a*和b*值分别为75.41、0.06和72.08,包裹色料在700℃煅烧后其呈色基本不变,并在800℃煅烧后仍呈现红相黄色调且未烧结成块,仍可作为黄色颜料使用,而未包裹色料在600℃煅烧后已变色且烧结成块无法使用。总之,BiVO_(4)@SiO_(2)包裹色料的耐温性有了显著提升,且可开发为多种色度的高温无机黄色颜料。