Influence of yield-to-tensile strength ratio(Y/T) on failure assessment of defect-free and corroded X70 steel pipeline

The effect of yield-to-tensile strength ratio(Y/T) on failure pressure of X70 pipeline without and with corrosion defects was investigated.The stress-strain response of materials was characterized by a power-law hardening curve.Two formulas to estimate the strain hardening exponent n for a special Y/T were obtained by least squared regression method and the influence of Y/T on n was analyzed.As an application of n-Y/T expression,the analytical solutions of burst pressure for X70 pipeline without and with corrosion defects were also obtained.The results indicate that the burst pressure of defect-free X70 pipe without corrosion defects is a function of the Y/T,pipe geometry t0/D0 and engineering tensile strength,and increases as Y/T or t0/D0 increases; whilst the burst pressure of corroded X70 pipe decreases with the increase of defect depths,d/t.Comparisons indicate that the present analytical solutions closely match available experimental and numerical data.

Effect of low temperature treatment on tensile yield strength of SiC_w/6061 Al alloy composites

The effect of the low temperature treatment at -78 ℃ and -196 ℃ on the microstructure and properties of 18%SiC w/6061(volume fraction) Al alloy composites of as squeeze casting were studied. The results show that, after the low temperature treatment, the dislocation density in matrix increases, and the residual stress of the matrix decreases, as well as the tensile yield strength of the composites improves. The high residual stress exists in the matrix of the composites of as original squeeze casting. The mismatch degree between the matrix and SiC w phases increases during the low temperature treatment. The matrix undergoes the tensile plastic deformation during the cooling procedure. On the contrary, the matrix encountered an elastic unloading procedure during the heating up process from low temperature to room temperature. The increase of dislocation density and the decrease of residual stress in the matrix are the main reason of the improvement for tensile yield strength of the composites.

Yield and mechanical properties of veneer from Brachystegia nigerica

In an effort to find suitable wood from natural forest to meet the demand for veneer products, the yield and tensile strength of veneers produced from Brachystegia nigerica were investigated. Two trees of B. nigerica were separately selected from 10 different natural forest zones while two logs were obtained from each tree. The logs were debarked and steamed in a vat prior to rotary peeling and slicing for veneer production. The optimum steam temperature was determined by considering different temperatures： 50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 80℃ and 90℃ for 24 h. Thereafter, optimum steam time was determined at the optimum temperature by considering durations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The average taper of 0.75 mm per 1.0 m length was recorded for B. nigerica, indicating that the logs were reasonably cylindrical; thereby its logs are good for the production of veneer. The yield ranged from 44% to 61% with an average of 52% of the log input. The tensile strength of the veneer was tested perpendicular to grain and both peeled and sliced veneers had the highest tensile strength between 70℃ and 90℃, suggesting that softening of wood polymers, especially lignin, is between 70℃ and 90℃. The optimum temperature and time for veneer production are 70℃ and 48 h, respectively. Commercial production of veneer from B. nigerica is feasible based on the yield and mechanical properties of the obtained veneer, thereby encouraging the expansion of the scope of its utilization.

Tensile and fracture behavior of DZ951 Ni-base superalloy

The tensile and fracture behavior of DZ951 directionally solidified Ni-base superalloy was studied in the temperature range of 20-1 100℃. The fracture mode was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results show the experimental temperature has no significant effect on the tensile strengths, which are greater than 1 000 MPa from room temperature to 800℃. The yield strength reaches its maximum (970 MPa) at 800℃. When the experimental temperature is higher than 800℃, the tensile and yield strengths decrease evidently and the ductility increases remarkably. The fractograph of fracture surface for the tensile specimen at room temperature shows a dimple-ductile fracture mode. The fractograph from 600 to 800℃shows a slide fracture mode. The fractograph from 900 to 1 100℃exhibits a creep rupture mode with uneven deformation.

Machine Learning Design of Aluminum-Lithium Alloys with High Strength

Due to the large unexplored compositional space,long development cycle,and high cost of traditional trial-anderror experiments,designing high strength aluminum-lithium alloys is a great challenge.This work establishes a performance-oriented machine learning design strategy for aluminum-lithium alloys to simplify and shorten the development cycle.The calculation results indicate that radial basis function(RBF)neural networks exhibit better predictive ability than back propagation(BP)neural networks.The RBF neural network predicted tensile and yield strengths with determination coefficients of 0.90 and 0.96,root mean square errors of 30.68 and 25.30,and mean absolute errors of 28.15 and 19.08,respectively.In the validation experiment,the comparison between experimental data and predicted data demonstrated the robustness of the two neural network models.The tensile and yield strengths of Al-2Li-1Cu-3Mg-0.2Zr(wt.%)alloy are 17.8 and 3.5 MPa higher than those of the Al-1Li4.5Cu-0.2Zr(wt.%)alloy,which has the best overall performance,respectively.It demonstrates the reliability of the neural network model in designing high strength aluminum-lithium alloys,which provides a way to improve research and development efficiency.

氯盐环境下钢筋HRB400的腐蚀行为与力学性能研究

为了给工程安全使用提供借鉴,采用浸泡腐蚀法研究钢筋HRB400在3.5%NaCl溶液中裸露和镶入混凝土2种环境下腐蚀行为及腐蚀后的力学性能,对于钢筋HRB400镶入混凝土这种环境,采用制作钢筋混凝土及模拟混凝土孔隙液2种方法,首先将裸露和镶入混凝土2种情况下的钢筋HRB400浸泡在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中,并将钢筋HRB400浸泡在饱和氢氧化钙溶液中[加入3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液],然后分别计算不同腐蚀时间下各钢筋HRB400相应的失重率、腐蚀率,最后采用MTS试验机测试钢筋HRB400腐蚀后的力学性能。结果显示:随着浸泡腐蚀时间延长,3种环境下的钢筋HRB400平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低,失重率增加,屈服强度、抗拉强度均下降,钢筋HBR400在3.5%NaCl溶液中裸露或镶入混凝土时伸长率随浸泡时间延长而降低,在饱和氢氧化钙(加入3.5%NaCl)中则呈现有升有降趋势。

Cu-4Ag合金微细丝拉拔极限预测模型

采用三室真空冷型竖引连铸设备制备了Cu-4Ag合金铸态杆坯,并利用连续冷拉拔变形得到了不同线径的Cu-4Ag合金微细丝,通过拉拔实验获取了不同线径下材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度;基于线径与强度的关系,构建了微细丝拉拔极限预测模型。结果表明,在拉拔过程中,Cu-4Ag合金微细丝的线径与抗拉强度密切相关,具有明显的尺寸效应;修正后的拉拔极限模型能够较为准确地预测不同线径的Cu-4Ag合金微细丝能够达到的拉拔极限。将拉拔极限模型产出的数据导入MATLAB中,构建了三维曲面模型,可以更为直观地分析材料的拉拔极限。

不同应变率下高强钢的拉伸行为及力学性能分析

高强钢因强度高、塑性好、耐腐蚀性优异而得到广泛应用。然而,高强钢具有显著的应变率敏感性。为此,针对2种高强钢(Ultrafort 401和Ferrium S53钢),开展了不同应变率下(10^(-4)~10^(3) s^(-1))的拉伸试验,获得了屈服强度、抗拉强度、硬化指数等性能参量,并深入分析了其随应变率变化的规律。不同应变率下,Ferrium S53钢的拉伸性能始终优于Ultrafort 401钢,但两者却表现出不同的变化趋势。随着应变率的增加,Ultrafort 401钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均增大,而Ferrium S53钢的屈服强度增大,抗拉强度先减小后增大。结合微观结构表征发现,Ferrium S53钢所具有的较高的屈服强度与其初始晶粒尺寸更小有关,2种高强钢的抗拉强度随应变率增加所表现出的不同变化趋势则与应变硬化响应差异有关。随着应变率的升高,Ultrafort 401钢的韧窝尺寸增大,而Ferrium S53钢的韧窝尺寸先减小后增大,说明2种高强钢的应变硬化水平随着应变率升高而呈现不同的变化趋势。研究结果为高强钢在不同加载条件下的力学性能评估提供了科学依据,对高强钢的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

X65MO小直径厚壁HFW海底输送管研制

针对大厚径比HFW海洋管制管过程中纵向屈强比上升的问题,研究了化学成分、冷却工艺对X65MO管线钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,增加C元素含量或去除V元素有利于降低材料预拉伸后的纵向屈强比;试验材料在高温下卷取,其显微组织为铁素体+珠光体,轧态纵向拉伸曲线具有较长的屈服平台,预拉伸后具有最低的屈强比和最高的均匀延伸率;随着卷取温度降低,晶粒更加细小,贝氏体组织增加,预拉伸后的纵向屈强比上升幅度较大,而在相同卷取温度下,降低冷却速度有利于降低预拉伸后的纵向屈强比。根据研究结果制定了卷板工艺,试制了X65MO钢级Φ323.9 mm×14.3 mm HFW海管,管材横纵向屈强比等拉伸性能均满足规范要求。

两相区淬火温度对Ni-Cr-Mo-V系高强船体钢组织及性能的影响

为改善高强船体钢高屈强比、回火区间窄的问题,研究了两相区二次淬火温度对Ni-Cr-Mo-V系高强船体钢组织及性能的影响。通过改变二次淬火温度,研究实验钢冲击拉伸性能和显微组织的变化规律,并通过OM、TEM、XRD衍射等方法进行表征。结果表明,在淬火温度区间内,材料的性能表现出两种变化趋势。当淬火温度在640~700℃时,实验钢的强度随着二次淬火温度的上升而增加,而韧性下降。在该淬火温度范围内,实验钢的机械性能由铁素体+马氏体的双相组织和逆转变奥氏体的含量决定。随着二次淬火温度的上升,双相组织中铁素体的比例从40%降至10%,逆转变奥氏体的含量从11%下降至1%。当二次淬火温度从700℃增加到780℃时,实验钢的强度和韧性变化不明显,原因是二次淬火的温度已经超过了A3温度,实验钢组织转变为单一的马氏体组织,奥氏体晶粒尺寸变化不大(7.3~8.5μm)。综上,在680℃下进行两相区二次淬火可以获得最佳的强度和韧性匹配。

工艺参数对铸态7075铝合金管旋压成形强度的影响

工艺参数对铸态7075铝合金管旋压成形强度的影响至关重要。本文以抗拉强度与屈服强度作为成形质量指标,系统地分析了压下量、预热温度、进给比和摩擦条件等工艺参数对铸筒旋压件强度的影响。结果表明:随着压下量的增加,管的抗拉强度与屈服强度增加;随着预热温度的上升或者进给比的增加,管的抗拉强度与屈服强度先增加后减少;随着摩擦系数的增加,管的抗拉强度与屈服强度先增加后减少,但变化不明显。

轧制工艺对TA15钛合金板微观组织及拉伸力学性能的影响

对比研究了采用包套轧制工艺及普通冷轧工艺制备的TA15钛合金薄板的纵、横向微观组织及室温和高温拉伸力学性能。研究表明:两种工艺获得的钛合金板纵、横向微观组织的物相、尺寸、体积占比相似,纵向维氏硬度较横向的高。热轧工艺与冷轧工艺制备的钛合金板相比,力学性能更加优异、力学性能纵横向差异小、综合性能更好、室温屈服强度更高,呈现出“横向大于纵向、热轧大于冷轧”的对比特征。热轧工艺可弱化织构的方向,使成品钛合金板呈现出“强度高、屈强比大、纵横差小”的拉伸力学性能特性。

双向拉伸试样测试区域尺寸对DH780屈服行为的影响

为了探究十字双向拉伸试样测试区域尺寸对高强钢屈服行为的影响,以DH780双相钢为研究对象,参考ISO标准十字试样,开展了不同测试区域尺寸试样的双向拉伸实验对比研究;为了使小型十字试样获得的实验结果与ISO标准试样相同,通过正交实验优化了十字试样的几何尺寸。结果表明,在等双拉加载条件下,随着测试区域尺寸的减小,实验获得的双轴各向异性r值基本相同。而双轴等效屈服应力先减小后增大,其核心原因是不同尺寸试样中心测试区域的变形程度不同;对于测试区域尺寸为8 mm×8 mm的小型十字试样,其主要几何参数对实验结果的影响程度排序为:狭缝数量>臂间圆角半径>狭缝长度;优化后的8 mm×8 mm新试样与ISO标准30 mm×30 mm试样的实验屈服轨迹点相对差值相较于原始试样的6.90%减小到2.36%。

一种铸造镍基高温合金显微组织与力学性能研究

研究了一种铸造镍基高温合金在25~980℃温度范围内的拉伸性能和断裂行为。采用SEM对合金的微观组织和断口形貌进行了研究。研究表明:合金表现出明显的反常现象,屈服与中温脆性行为。随着拉伸温度的升高,合金抗拉和屈服强度先缓慢降低再升高,达到峰值后又快速降低。其中,合金的抗拉强度在700℃达到峰值,屈服强度在800℃达到峰值,而合金的伸长率先缓慢降低再快速升高后趋于平缓,其中,700℃时伸长率最低。合金的这种拉伸行为与显微组织有关,如MC碳化物、γ′相和γ/γ′共晶组织等。

氮对07Cr18Ni11Nb不锈钢组织和性能影响

通过热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc 2023a、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等进行第二相析出模拟和金相、性能检测分析:氮含量在0.013%时,07Cr18Ni11Nb凝固时氮的析出相主要有Nb(CN)、(Cr∶Ni∶Si∶N)复合相和σ相。随着氮含量增加到0.055%时,氮的析出相主要有Nb(CN)、(Cr∶Ni∶Si∶N)复合相,Z相也出现,晶粒有逐渐减小的趋势。室温25℃和高温600℃下屈服强度和抗拉强度都有所增加,但是屈服强度增加的幅度较抗拉强度多。

砂岩双轴压缩应力状态下的拉伸强度的实验研究

岩石材料的拉伸强度对于井壁稳定校核计算是一个比较重要的基础参数。一般的,对于金属材料,可以通过拉伸试验机来直接获得抗拉强度;但是对于岩土类材料,这种方法从第一步制样上可行性就较差。在实验室内获得岩石抗拉强度最常用的方法是巴西劈裂法,这是一种间接获得岩石单轴抗拉强度的方法,目前被ISRM(国际岩石力学协会)推荐并得到了广泛的应用。但这种方法也存在一定的局限性:首先,由于无法还原岩石的初始压实状态,因此在校核超深层岩石的拉伸强度时会有偏差;此外,这种方法的前提假设是岩石在线弹性阶段过后直接发生脆性破坏,这与砂岩实际变形规律不符。基于以上问题,本文从屈服理论出发,通过双轴压缩实验的方法确定了砂岩在地下的真实拉伸屈服强度以及极限拉伸强度,实验表明砂岩的屈服强度随围压增大而增大,符合岩石材料越致密强度越高的普遍认识。通过拟合外推可以得到等效的砂岩单轴拉伸屈服强度,与巴西实验数据结果非常接近,验证了这种方法获得带围压下砂岩拉伸屈服强度的可靠性。通过研究双轴压缩应力状态下砂岩的拉伸强度,可以为卸载工况下砂岩发生拉伸破坏提供更准确的校核依据,为砂岩井壁稳定提供理论与实验支撑。

深冲钢DC06在车门内板中的成形分析

汽车用超深冲钢DC06有较高的延展性,适用于制造复杂大变形的零件,尤其是有复杂形面和较大拉延深度的车门内板。主要针对某车厂前门内板现场冲压存在隐裂、严重减薄的问题进行了冲压仿真模拟、现场应变处理,同时对竞品厂家料片性能多方面进行了分析,提出了C厂家材料优化的方案,可以通过提高板料的n值,降低屈强来降低减薄严重的位置的开裂风险。

固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体铝合金接头失效有限元分析

为研究复合材料壳体卡环连接结构中铝合金接头断裂失效规律,建立了壳体后封头部位的有限元模型,并以某固体发动机壳体为对象进行水压爆破实验。通过三种铝合金接头应力、应变的仿真与实验分析,对比了等效应力准则与最大主应力准则的适用性;通过分析处理以往断裂接头及文中断裂接头的仿真数据,研究了接头发生断裂时最大主应力与材料的延伸率、屈服极限、抗拉极限之间的关系;结合得出的经验公式与有限元仿真,分析了不同铝合金材料、不同尺寸的卡环连接结构断裂时的内压,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,数值计算结果与水压实验测量数据的误差在4.9%之内,验证了有限元模型的正确性;相比于等效应力准则,最大主应力准则在判断接头卡环槽的薄弱位置时更加准确,并提炼出接头卡环槽处发生断裂时最大主应力的断裂系数经验公式;通过经验公式并结合有限元仿真得出的铝合金接头断裂时的壳体内压与实验爆破内压的误差分别为4.7%和3.6%,满足工程应用的需要。

金属材料高温拉伸试验控制模式及试验速率的选择

对GB/T 228.2—2015金属材料高温拉伸试验标准中的方法A和方法B从控制模式、试验速率要求两方面进行了分析解读,选用不同方法和速率从应力-应变曲线、应变速率-时间曲线、屈服强度三方面分析,并对分析设定不同试验速率进行验证。结果表明,采用引伸计反馈控制实施方法A1,实际应变速率波动超差,应力-应变曲线易发生畸变,对Rp0.2的测试结果造成误判;采用横梁位移反馈控制实施方法A2和方法B,选择合适的试验速率,测定参数的应变速率能够满足标准要求,可以获得稳定可靠的应力-应变曲线和较为一致的试验结果。

700L高强钢生产工艺及性能研究

通过采用合适的化学成分、控制轧制和冷却工艺,可以将700L钢直接热轧成双相钢钢板。通过实验控制钢板的待温厚度、终轧温度、终冷温度以及回火温度,即将热轧钢材的终轧温度控制在两相区的某一范围,然后快速冷却,从而控制最终形变温度及冷却速度,该方法可获得铁素体和M-A岛双相组织。结果表明,回火后,700L高强钢板平均屈服强度为704 MPa,平均抗拉强度为805 MPa,延伸率和冲击功也有所改善,性能合格率达到100%。