Systematic review of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium in the treatment of hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND Yougui pills have long been used to treat hypothyroidism,usually in combination with levothyroxine sodium in clinical treatment,while their clinical efficacy and safety are still controversial when compared to levothyroxine treatment alone.AIM To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium in the treatment of hypothyroidism.METHODS This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.Randomized controlled trials on Yougui pills in the treatment of hypothyroidism published from 2008 to May 2021 were searched in a total of 8 databases(4 databases in Chinese and 4 databases in English).The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk assessment tool.Weighted mean difference(WMD)was used for continuous variables,and relative risk(RR)was used for binary variables.Data were extracted,and the meta-analysis was conducted with the statistical software of Stata15.0 and RevMan5.0.RESULTS A total of 140 articles were retrieved,and 9 of them were finally included,with a total sample size of 936 cases.The main meta-analysis results are as follows:(1)The group of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium had a significantly higher overall response rate than the group of levothyroxine sodium(RR=1.20,95%CI 1.12,1.28,P<0.00001);(2)Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium achieved significantly better efficacy than levothyroxine sodium alone in alleviating adverse symptoms[standard mean difference(SMD)=-1.10,95%CI:-1.37,-0.84,P<0.00001];(3)The level of thyrotropin stimulating hormone in the group of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium was significantly lower than in the control group of levothyroxine sodium(WMD=-1.38,95%CI:-2.10,-0.67,P=0.00001);(4)The level of free triiodothyronine in the group of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium was higher than that in the control group of levothyroxine sodium(WMD=0.41,95%CI:0.03,0.79,P=0.03);(5)The level of free thyroxine in the group of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium was significantly higher than that in the control group of levothyroxine sodium(SMD=0.83,95%CI:0.44,1.22,P≤0.0001);and(6)The adverse reactions in the group of Yougui pills combined with levothyroxine sodium were significantly less than those in the control group of levothyroxine sodium(RR=0.33,95%CI:0.20,-0.53,P<0.00001).CONCLUSION In the treatment of hypothyroidism,the combination of Yougui pills with levothyroxine sodium may be better than levothyroxine sodium treatment alone.

Chinese herbal medicine Yougui Pill reduces exogenous glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells

Long-term glucocorticoid use may result in sustained suppression of one or more secreted components from the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and often results in apoptosis. Yougui Pill（YGP）, a 10-component traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been shown to be clinically effective for glucocorticoid-induced suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that YGP would exert an anti-apoptosis effect on dexamethasone-treated anterior pituitary cells. In vivo experiments showed that YGP significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulated m RNA expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and up-regulated m RNA expression of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that YGP reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in rat anterior pituitary cells by regulating the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Network pharmacological study of Zuogui pill and Yougui pill for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Background:Postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMO)is the most common primary osteoporosis in older women.This condition imposes a huge economic and medical burden on society.Aside from western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine is also widely used for the treatment of PMO,especially in Asian countries.Zuogui pill(ZGP)and Yougui pill(YGP)are classical formulas for the treatment of PMO with potent clinical effects.This study aimed to explore the potential active compounds,potential targets,and potential mechanisms of ZGP and YGP for the treatment of PMO.Methods:Compounds from ZGP and YGP were collected from three online databases,and these compounds were screened by oral bioavailability and drug-likeness.Their corresponding targets were determined from the Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis platform.The corresponding targets for PMO were obtained from two disease databases.The target protein-protein interaction was identified through the STRING platforms and the core targets were ascertained by analyzing the protein-protein interaction network by using Cytoscape software.PMO-related genes were identified via Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to identify specific biological processes,cellular components,molecular functions and key signalling pathways of ZGP and YGP for PMO treatment.Results:A total of 68 compounds were screened from ZGP with 168 putative potential target genes,whereas 99 compounds were screened from YGP with 214 potential target genes associated with PMO.Most of the core components included quercetin and kaempferol,and most of the core targets were TP53,AKT1,MAPK1,JUN,TNF,HSP90AA1,APP,IL6,VEGFA,RELA,MAPK8,NR3C1,EGFR,CXCL8,ESR1,FOS and MAPK14.Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that ZGP and YGP treat PMO primarily via regulation of bone formation and resorption,anti-inflammatory immunity and hormonal regulation.Conclusion:Our data provided insights into the mechanisms,by which ZGP and YGP treat PMO.This study points out a direction for further research into ZGP and YGP monomers and pathways and offers a new clinical treatment option for non-traditional Chinese medicine clinicians in the treatment of PMO.

Effects of Zuogui Pill(左归丸) and Yougui Pill(右归丸) on the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase A Signaling Transduction Pathways of Axonal Regeneration in Model Rats with Experimental Autoimm

Objective：To study the effects of Zuogui Pill（左归丸,ZGP）and Yougui Pill（右归丸,YGP）on the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）and cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）/protein kinase A（PKA）signaling of axonal regeneration in the Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis（EAE）,in order to explore the possible mechanism of ZGP and YGP on promoting axonal regeneration.Methods：The rats were randomly divided into normal control（NC）,model（MO）,prednisone acetate（PA）,ZGP and YGP groups.The EAE model of rat was established by injecting antigen containing myelin basic protein（MBP）68-86.The brain and spinal cord were harvested on the 14th and 28th day postimmunization（PI）,the protein and mRNA expression of BDNF and PKA in the brain and spinal cord of rats were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（PCR）,and the cAMP levels were detected by using enzyme-immunoassay method.Results：（1）On the 28th day PI,the mRNA expression of BDNF in brain white matter and spinal cord of rats in ZGP and YGP groups were up-regulated,especially in YGP group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.（2）On the 14th day PI,the cAMP levels in brain white matters significantly increased in PA and YGP groups compared with MO group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）,and the cAMP level in YGP group was higher than that in ZGP group（P〈0.05）.The cAMP level in spinal cord also significantly increased in YGP group compared with MO,PA and ZGP groups,respectively（P〈0.01）.（3）On the 14th day PI,the PKA expression in spinal cord of rats in ZGP group was significantly decreased compared with MO and YGP groups,respectively（P〈0.05）.（4）On the 28th day PI,there was a positive correlation between cAMP and PKA expression in the brain white matter of YGP rats.Conclusions：The results suggest that ZGP and YGP may promote axonal regeneration by modulating cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway,but the targets of molecular mechanism of ZGP may be different from those of YGP.

Research on the Mechanism of Zuogui Pill(左归丸)and Yougui Pill(右归丸)in Promoting Axonal Regeneration in Model Rats of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Objective：To study the molecular mechanism of Zuogui Pill（左归丸,ZGP） and Yougui Pill（右归丸,YGP） on axonal regeneration in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis（EAE）.Methods： EAE rat model was established by bilateral rear pedes subcutaneous injection of antigen made by mixing myelin basic protein（MBP） and complete Freud＇s adjuvant（CFA） in the volume ratio of 1：1.The pathological changes of axonal injury and regeneration in the brain and the spinal cord were observed on the 14th（the acute stage） and the 28th day（the remission stage） after modeling,with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining,silver stain, and immunohistochemical staining.The rats treated with prednisone acetate were taken as controls.Results： Observation under the light microscope with HE staining showed a sleeve-like change in rats＇ cerebrospinal parenchyma with inflammatory cell infiltration around the small vessels and neuronic denaturation,while silver staining showed excessive tumefaction and abscission of axon,and immunohistochemical analysis showed decreasing of nerve growth factor（NGF） expression at the acute stage of EAE,which was even more remarkable at the remission stage,showing significant difference as compared with the normal control（P〈0.05）. And the expressions of Nogo A,an axon growth inhibitor,and its receptor（Nogo-66 receptor,Ng R） were significantly higher than those in the normal control at the acute stage（P〈0.01）.However,after the intervention of ZGP and YGP,the pathological changes and axon damage in rats＇ brain and spinal cord were much more alleviated,and the NGF expression was significantly higher than that in the model group at the acute stage （P〈0.05）.The expression of NGF was even stronger during the remission stage,and a better effect was shown by YGP.As for Nogo A and Ng R expressions,they were significantly lower than those in the model group at the acute stage（P〈0.05）,but a better effect was shown by ZGP.Conclusions：ZGP and YGP can prevent axonal injury and promote the axonal regeneration in rats of EAE,and the possible mechanism is to increase the expression of NGF and reduce the expression of Nogo A and its receptor.However,some differences are observed between the two Chinese preparations in their acting times and points,which provides a certain basis for revealing the modern connotation of the Chinese medicine theory on tonifying Shen（肾）-yin and Shen-yang.

Zuogui(左归丸)and Yougui pills(右归丸)improve perimenopausal syndrome via regulation of apoptosis in mice

OBJECTIVE:To examine,dissect,and understand the molecular mechanisms and combinatorial effects of Zuogui(左归丸,ZGP)and Yougui pills(右归丸,YGP)in 4-vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide(4-VCD)-induced Perimenopausal syndrome(PMS).METHODS:Using the 4-VCD-induced PMS mouse model,uterine and ovary index were measured,and serum sex steroidal hormone levels were evaluated after treatment with ZGP,YGP,ZGP+YGP,estradiol valerate(EV),and Gengnian An(更年安,GNA).Histopathological examinations,ingredient-target network predictions,western blotting,and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)analyses were performed to ascertain the possible pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of ZYP and YGP.RESULTS:Treatment with ZGP and YGP remarkably improves estrous cyclicity and prevents pathological damage to the uterus.Also,altered sex hormones,including AMH,E2,FSH,LH,P,and T,were restored to normal levels after ZGP and YGP administration.Ingredient-target network analysis showed that the 5 ingredients common to the ZGP and YGP formula modulate 53 targets shared with PMS.Pathwayenrichment analysis further predicted that ZGY and YGP likely regulate of apoptosis and other essential pathways during PMS.In-vivo studies showed that ZGP and YGP suppress PMS via modulating apoptosis through decreasing Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X(Bax)levels and increasing B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/Bax and Bcl-2 levels.Importantly,ZGP+YGP treatment modulation effects were somewhat or significantly better compared to ZGP or YGP alone treatment.CONCLUSION:ZGP and YGP represent novel anti-PMS agents whose effects involve restoring altered hormonal levels,protecting the uterus,and regulating apoptosis.

基于网络药理学探讨右归丸干预强直性脊柱炎作用机制

目的基于网络药理学的研究方法探讨右归丸干预强直性脊柱炎的作用机制。方法通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)检索并筛选出右归丸中药组成的有效化学成分及作用靶点信息,利用GeneCards及OMIM数据库获得强直性脊柱炎的靶点基因,通过VENNY 2.1.0获得右归丸组成中药与强直性脊柱炎的交集基因,借助String在线平台与Cytoscape 3.7.2软件获得PPI网络,在DAVID数据库完成GO及KEGG通路富集分析。结果共获得药物有效成分79个,有效基因靶点500个,疾病靶点基因767个,交集基因98个,PPI网络分析得到关键靶点基因是IL1B、IL6和TNF等。GO功能富集分析得到GOBP条目535条、GOMF条目88条和GOCC条目53条。KEGG富集分析得到121条通路,主要信号通路为IL-17、HIF-1和TNF等。结论该研究基于网络药理学理论,系统地分析了右归丸的中药组成可以通过多成分、多靶点、多通路等干预强直性脊柱炎的作用机制,进而起到调节免疫反应、调控炎症因子、保护软骨、延缓骨破坏等治疗作用。

右归丸辅助骨髓间充质干细胞对家兔骨质疏松性骨折愈合的影响及机制初探

目的探讨右归丸辅助骨髓间充质干细胞对家兔骨质疏松性骨折愈合的影响及可能机制。方法研究时间为2023年1月至6月。将50只家兔分为正常对照组、模型对照组、右归丸组、骨髓间充质干细胞组、联合治疗组,各10只。除正常对照组外其余各组建立骨质疏松性骨折模型,并予以相应药物治疗。治疗结束后,测定家兔股骨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁分散度以及股骨弹性模量、刚度、最大应力、最大承载力;实时聚合酶链式反应及蛋白印迹法测定股骨Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2/信号转导和转录激活子3(Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,JAK2/STAT3)基因与蛋白水平。采用单因素方差分析及LSD-t检验进行数据分析。结果模型对照组家兔股骨BMD、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度,股骨弹性模量、刚度、最大应力、最大承载力,股骨JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平均低于正常对照组(均P<0.05),骨小梁分散度高于正常对照组(P<0.05);右归丸组、骨髓间充质干细胞组、联合治疗组家兔股骨BMD、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、股骨弹性模量、刚度、最大应力、最大承载力、股骨JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平均高于模型对照组(均P<0.05),骨小梁分散度低于模型对照组(均P<0.05);联合治疗组股骨BMD[(1.76±0.13)g/cm^(3)]、骨小梁数量[(5.87±0.24)个/mm]、骨小梁厚度[(0.14±0.03)mm],股骨弹性模量[(343.27±21.04)MPa]、刚度[(904.25±73.25)N/mm]、最大应力[(32.63±3.17)N/mm^(2)]、最大承载力[(358.85±13.02)N],股骨JAK2、STAT3 mRNA[(3.45±0.26)、(3.60±0.28)]和蛋白[(0.82±0.05)、(0.84±0.05)]水平高于右归丸组[(1.41±0.15)g/cm^(3)、(3.88±0.28)个/mm、(0.10±0.02)mm、(304.62±20.41)MPa、(698.52±69.55)N/mm、(25.34±3.22)N/mm^(2)、(297.34±13.24)N、(2.58±0.26)、(2.29±0.23)、(0.60±0.05)、(0.53±0.07)]、骨髓间充质干细胞组[(1.47±0.14)g/cm^(3)、(3.89±0.28)个/mm、(0.09±0.03)mm、(299.54±16.94)MPa、(720.33±69.48)N/mm、(23.24±3.13)N/mm^(2)、(289.38±13.13)N、(2.63±0.25)、(2.30±0.24)、(0.59±0.06)、(0.53±0.08)](均P<0.05),骨小梁分散度[(0.34±0.02)mm]低于右归丸组[(0.42±0.03)mm]、骨髓间充质干细胞组[(0.43±0.03)mm](均P<0.05)。结论右归丸辅助骨髓间充质干细胞能明显促进家兔骨质疏松性骨折愈合,其机制可能与右归丸辅助骨髓间充质干细胞治疗能激活骨质疏松性骨折家兔股骨JAK2/STAT3信号通路有关。

基于RAP1信号通路探讨右归丸延缓膝骨关节炎的软骨退变

目的通过右归丸治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)模型大鼠,观察大鼠关节软骨形态及检测右归丸对RAP1信号通路表达和大鼠血清中的炎性因子表达,探讨右归丸对RAP1信号通路的表达及防治KOA的作用机制,为治疗提供理论基础。方法72只SPF级SD大鼠(雌雄各半)随机数字表法分为假手术组12只和造模组60只。造模组采用改良Hulth法建立膝关节OA模型,假手术组接受假手术。将造模成功的大鼠分为模型组(n=11)、右归丸低剂量组(n=12)、右归丸中剂量组(n=12)、右归丸高剂量组(n=12)及塞来昔布组(n=12)。给药阶段模型组、假手术组给予0.9%氯化钠溶液;右归丸低剂量组为等效浓度的1/2为0.5 g/d、右归丸中剂量组等效浓度为1 g/d、右归丸高剂量组为等效浓度2倍为2 g/d,塞来昔布组配置成悬浮(等效浓度为0.0072 g/d)。驱赶7周后检测并比较各组大鼠软骨病理,血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-18含量,以及大鼠软骨组织中RAP1、RAF、MEK1/2、ERK1/2、CREB、MMP3、MMP13、ADAMTS、C-fos、C-myc和C-Jun的表达水平。结果各组大鼠软骨病理检测结果显示:假手术组大鼠软骨组织未见异常,模型组大鼠关节软骨部分区域出现明显缺损,右归丸低剂量组大鼠关节软骨表面磨损较模型组有所减轻,而中、高剂量组及塞来昔布组大鼠软骨表面可见侵蚀现象明显改善。右归丸对KOA大鼠血清中的IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-18含量与模型组相比,右归丸高、中、低剂量组和塞来昔布组在大鼠血清中表达显著降低,差异具有统计学意义。与软骨组织中RAP1-RAF-MEKl/2-ERKl/2-CREB信号通路活化水平检测结果显示:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠软骨组织中RAP1、RAF、MEK1/2、ERK1/2、CREB、MMP3、MMP13、ADAMTS、C-fos、C-myc和C-Jun的表达水平均显著升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结果提示,在KOA发生时,RAP1-RAF-MEKl/2-ERKl/2-CREB信号转导通路激活,介导软骨组织中炎症反应及细胞凋亡的发生,这与以往研究结果一致。右归丸干预后,软骨组织中RAP1、RAF、MEK1/2、ERK1/2、CREB、MMP3、MMP13、ADAMTS、C-fos、C-myc和C-Jun蛋白表达水平均显著降低,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论右归丸能够抑制KOA大鼠软骨组织中RAP1-RAF-MEKl/2-ERKl/2-CREB信号通路的活化,降低炎性因子表达,从而延缓软骨退变。

病证结合骨质疏松模型大鼠骨骼的生物力学性能分析

背景:肾虚是骨质疏松症的最主要病机,对肾阳虚、肾阴虚与骨质疏松的关系研究有利于病证结合临床诊疗模式的发展。目的:评价右归丸对肾阳虚、肾阴虚大鼠股骨生物力学性能的影响差异,从生物力学角度论证骨质疏松症病证结合、因证施药的科学性。方法:手术摘除60只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松模型,10周后将大鼠随机分为肾阴虚组(n=30)和肾阳虚组(n=30),肾阳虚组臀部肌肉注射氢化可的松注射液,肾阴虚组灌胃甲状腺片混悬药液,1次/d,连续14 d。造模结束后,每组取20只灌胃右归丸混悬液,1次/d,连续12周,剩余10只作为对照不灌胃。灌胃结束后使用Micro-CT扫描测量股骨微结构参数,在力学试验机上对股骨分别进行三点弯曲、有限元仿真、股骨头压缩及表面压痕分布实验。结果与结论:①Micro-CT扫描显示,与肾阴虚组比较,肾阴虚+右归丸组股骨骨密度、骨体积分数、骨表面密度、骨小梁数量、骨小梁分离度升高(P<0.05);与肾阳虚组比较,肾阳虚+右归丸组股骨骨体积分数、骨表面密度、骨小梁数量及骨小梁厚度升高(P<0.05);②三点弯曲实验显示,与肾阳虚组相比,肾阳虚+右归丸组股骨弹性模量、最大抗弯强度和弯曲断裂强度均降低(P<0.05),韧性提高(P<0.05);③有限元仿真显示,右归丸能显著提高肾阳虚组大鼠股骨抗骨折能力,对肾阴虚组大鼠不产生明显作用;股骨头压缩实验显示,右归丸可增强肾阳虚组大鼠股骨头抵抗形变的能力,但右归丸对肾阴虚组和肾阳虚组大鼠股骨头表面性能的影响无显著区别;④结果表明,右归丸可增强肾阳虚骨质疏松骨骼生物力学性能,但对肾阴虚骨质疏松骨骼无显著影响。

基于网络药理学和分子对接分析右归丸治疗多发性硬化的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨右归丸治疗多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的物质基础及作用机制。方法运用TCMSP数据库筛选右归丸中附子、肉桂、熟地黄、枸杞子、山茱萸、山药、杜仲、菟丝子、当归的活性成分及靶标,通过检索文献及BATMAN-TCM数据库获取鹿角胶活性成分及靶标;运用GeneCards、OMIM、DrugBank、TTD数据库筛选MS疾病靶标;运用Cytoscape软件构建右归丸—药物活性成分—靶标、右归丸药物活性成分—交集靶标以及潜在靶标间互作网络图;对潜在靶标进行基因本体分析(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。结果右归丸中共获得1281个有效活性成分,得到91个右归丸治疗MS的潜在靶标,这些靶标主要涉及对神经元凋亡过程的负调控、炎症反应等生物学过程,并主要富集在白细胞介素-17(interleukin-17,IL-17)信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)信号通路以及低氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)信号通路上。对主要活性成分β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇及核心靶点丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(serine/threonine-protein kinase,AKT1)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3)、TP53结合蛋白进行分子对接验证,对接得分显示结合活性较好。结论右归丸防治MS的作用可能是通过多个化合物作用于多个分子靶点,其分子机制主要是抑制炎症反应,调控IL-17、TNF和HIF-1等信号通路。

右归丸治疗腰椎间盘突出症:网络药理学分析活性成分及潜在治疗靶点

背景:右归丸具有温肾助阳、益精填髓的作用,临床多用于治疗肾阳虚证的腰椎间盘突出症且具有较好的疗效。目的:采用网络药理学、分子对接技术并结合动物实验探讨右归丸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的潜在靶点及作用机制。方法:①网络药理学分析:通过TCMSP等数据库获取经过筛选后的右归丸有效成分与作用基因靶点,在GeneCards等数据库中收集与腰椎间盘突出症相关的基因,取二者交集进行拓扑结构分析,得到主要活性成分及核心治疗靶点。使用R软件对核心治疗靶点进行GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析。②分子对接:运用Autodock和Pymol软件进行中药活性成分与核心治疗靶点分子结合能预测。③动物实验:将18只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、退变组与退变+右归丸组,每组6只。取退变组与退变+右归丸组大鼠,采用纤维穿刺法制备椎间盘退行性变模型,造模后2周,退变+右归丸组大鼠给予右归丸汤剂(1次/d)灌胃,连续给药2周。给药结束后,采用ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子α质量浓度,苏木精-伊红染色后观察椎间盘纤维环及髓核细胞的形态学改变。结果与结论:①筛选出右归丸有90种活性成分和64种靶点,且主要活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、β-胡萝卜素、大豆黄素,4′-O-甲基尼亚萨酚。右归丸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的核心靶点为白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、AKT1、白细胞介素1B、血管内皮生长因子A。富集分析发现,交集基因可能通过白细胞介素17、肿瘤坏死因子、MAPK、PI3K-AKT等信号通路改善椎间盘退变。②分子对接实验验证了右归丸中的槲皮素、山奈酚、β-胡萝卜素等与核心靶点有较强的结合能力。③动物实验结果显示,退变组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α质量浓度高于对照组(P<0.05),退变+右归丸组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α质量浓度低于退变组(P<0.05);苏木精-伊红染色显示,退变组大鼠椎间盘纤维环、髓核结构遭到破坏,髓核细胞数量减少;退变+右归丸组大鼠椎间盘纤维环可见重建趋势,髓核细胞数量较退变组增加。④结果表明,右归丸可能通过槲皮素、山奈酚、β-胡萝卜素等主要活性成分作用于肿瘤坏死因子α等核心靶点改善椎间盘退变,进而治疗腰椎间盘突出症。

左(右)归丸联合接骨续筋汤治疗脑卒中后偏瘫合骨质疏松临床研究

目的探讨左(右)归丸联合接骨续筋汤治疗脑卒中后偏瘫合骨质疏松的临床疗效,以及对患者运动功能、肢体功能和骨密度的影响。方法选取江苏省灌云县中医院2021年1月至2023年3月收治的脑卒中后偏瘫合骨质疏松患者120例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。两组患者均予常规康复训练,观察组患者加用左(右)归丸联合接骨续筋汤治疗,两组患者均连续治疗28 d。结果观察组总有效率为85.00%,显著高于对照组的66.67%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者骨密度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);骨代谢指标血清骨钙素水平显著高于对照组,β-交联胶原骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);患侧Brunnstrom分期的高分期(Ⅴ-Ⅵ期)患者显著多于对照组(P<0.05);模拟视觉评分法(VAS)评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Fugl-Meyer评分量表(FMA)评分、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率相当(6.67%比5.00%,P>0.05)。结论左(右)归丸联合接骨续筋汤治疗脑卒中后偏瘫合骨质疏松的临床疗效良好,可有效改善患者的运动功能和肢体功能,增强骨密度,且安全性良好。

温通与温补理论探析

温法有温通与温补之别,温通是温以促通,温补是温以达补。首先,从三个代表性时期论述温法中“通”与“补”的历史脉络:仲景时期,治阳重在温通,甘草干姜汤演化为四逆汤类方,温通思想贯穿始终;金元时期,李东垣在升降思想下创制补中益气汤,其以象春生夏长之令以升补清阳;明清时期,温补学派在东垣脾胃学说的基础上,进一步强调了温阳补虚基础上填补阴精的重要性。其次,基于《伤寒论》太阳病篇、张景岳右归丸,分别探讨温通与温补的不同特点,同时从病因、病位、病机、药物组成等方面阐述温通与温补的应用鉴别。最后,从胸痹与久泻举例论证温通与温补的不同应用场景。

补肾方药对衰老大鼠海马学习记忆相关基因BDNF及其受体TrkB mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察补肾方药左归丸、右归丸对衰老大鼠海马学习记忆相关基因脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其受体TrkB mRNA表达的影响,探讨老年大鼠学习记忆功能减退的部分分子机理,以及左归丸、右归丸的改善作用。方法:以自然衰老SD大鼠为动物模型,随机分设4组:青年对照组、老年对照组、老年左归丸组、老年右归丸组。采用原位杂交技术,观察各组大鼠大脑切片海马各分区(CA1、CA2、CA3、DG)BDNF、TrkB mRNA表达变化。结果:与青年对照组相比,老年对照组大鼠海马各分区的BDNF、TrkB mRNA表达均明显减弱(P<0.05),而左归丸、右归丸能不同程度地提高老年对照组大鼠海马DG、CA1、CA2、和CA3分区低下的BDNF、TrkB mRNA的表达。结论:老年大鼠的学习记忆功能退化,与学习记忆相关的基因BDNF、Trk B表达异常有关。而滋补肾阴方药左归丸、温补肾阳方药有归丸能通过提高BDNF、TrkB基因的表达,进而改善老年大鼠的学习记忆功能,延缓机体衰老。

右归丸对膝骨性关节炎模型鼠基质金属蛋白酶及炎性因子表达的影响

目的观察右归丸对膝骨性关节炎大鼠血清基质金属蛋白酶和炎症因子含量的影响,探讨右归丸对膝骨性关节炎是否具有治疗作用。方法 SPF级SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、右归丸低、中、高剂量组和硫酸氨基葡萄糖组,每组10只。采用改良Hulth法复制膝骨关节炎大鼠模型。造模6周后,假手术组和模型组灌服蒸馏水,其他4组灌服相应的药物,干预8周后,HE染色法观察大鼠膝关节软骨的形态变化及Mankin评分,ELISA法检测大鼠血清中MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13、TIMP-1、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠关节软骨Mankin评分显著升高,血清MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量升高(均P<0.05);而其血清TIMP-1含量降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与模型组比较,右归丸高剂量组和硫酸氨基葡萄糖组Mankin评分降低,同时,右归丸高剂量组和硫酸氨基葡萄糖组大鼠血清MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13、L-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量均下降(均P<0.05);而其TIMP-1升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右归丸可能是通过抑制基质金属蛋白酶活性和炎症因子含量表达来延缓KOA软骨的退变。

右归丸通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对膝骨关节炎模型鼠软骨组织保护作用的研究

目的研究右归丸对膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型大鼠磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase,PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,m TOR)信号通路的影响。方法采用改良Hulth法制备大鼠KOA模型,模型制备成功6周后用右归丸进行干预,灌胃2个月后取材。HE法观察各组大鼠软骨组织病理形态改变并进行Mankin评分,实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组大鼠软骨组织白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)和基质金属蛋白酶-13(matrix metalloproteinase-13,MMP-13)的表达变化,Western blot法检测各组大鼠软骨组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase,PI3K)、磷酸化的蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated protein kinase B,pAkt)、磷酸化的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin,pmTOR)和Beclin1的蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠软骨组织Makin评分明显升高,软骨组织IL-1β、MMP-3和MMP-13的基因表达均明显升高,软骨组织PI3K、pAkt和pmTOR的蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.01);而模型组大鼠软骨组织Beclin1的蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01);模型组关节软骨边缘严重破坏,软骨细胞排列紊乱。与模型组相比,右归丸组大鼠软骨组织Makin评分明显降低,软骨组织IL-1β、MMP-3和MMP-13的基因表达均明显降低,软骨组织PI3K、pAkt和pmTOR的蛋白表达均明显降低,Beclin1的蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),其软骨结构趋于正常,软骨细胞分布偶见不均,关节软骨表面欠光滑。结论右归丸可能是通过抑制IL-1β、MMP-3、MMP-13、PI3K、p Akt、pmTOR的表达和增强Beclin1的表达来达到治疗KOA的目的。

左归丸及右归丸对卵巢早衰小鼠卵巢衰老的预防作用

目的研究左归丸及右归丸对卵巢早衰小鼠卵巢功能及卵巢沉默调节蛋白(SIRTs)表达的影响。方法 48只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组(给予生理盐水)、左归丸及右归丸4组,除正常组外,其余3组动物腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立卵巢早衰模型。给药8周后,采用卵泡计数和血清黄体生成素(LH)、基础卵泡刺激素(FSH)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、基础抑制素B(INHB)评价卵巢功能。RT-PCR法和Western blot法测定卵巢组织SIRTs mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果模型组小鼠卵巢卵泡计数、SIRT1、SIRT3及血清AMH、INHB显著低于正常组;血清LH、FSH显著高于正常组。左归丸和右归丸组卵泡计数、SIRT1及血清AMH、INHB显著高于模型组;血清LH、FSH显著低于模型组。右归丸组原始卵泡数显著高于左归丸组。结论左归丸和右归丸具有显著的抗卵巢衰老作用,其作用机制与对卵巢SIRT1表达的上调作用有关。

左、右归丸含药血清通过p38MAPK信号通路干预BMSCs成骨诱导的研究

目的:基于p38信号通路探讨左、右归丸含药血清对BMSCs成骨诱导的机制。方法:运用全骨髓贴壁法分离和培养大鼠BMSCs;分别以左归丸、右归丸、两方共同药、滋肾阴药、补肾阳药、阳性对照药补佳乐制备的大鼠含药血清加诱导剂(地塞米松、维生素C、β-甘油磷酸钠)、诱导剂和空白含药血清组共8组对BMSCs进行干预,采用改良钙钴染色法检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)表达,采用茜素红染色法检测钙化结节,采用Western blotting法检测核结合因子α1(Cbfα1)和Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)、p38、p-p38蛋白表达,采用real time PCR法检测Cbfα1、ColⅠmRNA表达。结果:左、右归丸及滋阴药组可以上调ALP表达,促进BMSCs矿化结节形成,增强Cbfα1、ColⅠmRNA和蛋白的表达并且可以促进p38蛋白的磷酸化;给予p38特异性阻滞剂SB203580后,各组BMSCs ALP表达下调,矿化结节形成减少,p38蛋白磷酸化水平降低,并且Cbfα1、ColⅠmRNA和蛋白的表达下降。结论:左、右归丸及其拆方含药血清可能部分通过p38 MAPK信号通路对BMSCs成骨分化产生调控作用的。

右归丸干预肾间质纤维化的作用机制研究

目的探讨右归丸对腺嘌呤诱导的大鼠肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)的干预作用。方法取SD大鼠50只,随机分为空白对照组,模型组,右归丸低、中、高(2.25,4.50,9.00 g·kg^(-1))剂量组,每组10只。每天上午8点各组给予腺嘌呤(0.15 g·kg^(-1))灌胃制备RIF模型,空白对照组给予等量生理盐水,下午17点右归丸各组灌胃给予相应剂量的右归丸,给药体积均为10 m L·kg^(-1),空白对照组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,连续15 d。给药期间定期测定大鼠体质量,实验结束称取各组大鼠肾质量并计算肾指数,肾组织进行病理HE染色,测定血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平,抗氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA),炎性因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-6(IL-6)。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量显著降低(P<0.01),肾质量、肾指数显著增加(P<0.01),SCr、BUN水平显著增加(P<0.01),肾小管重度萎缩、坏死。炎细胞浸润、纤维结缔组织增生,SOD显著降低、MDA显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),炎性因子IL-1β和IL-6显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,右归丸组对大鼠体质量有一定的改善作用,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但可减轻大鼠肾质量、肾指数(P<0.01),显著降低SCr、BUN水平(P<0.05),对肾小管重度坏死萎缩、炎细胞浸润及纤维结缔组织增生均有不同程度的改善作用,有显著增加SOD、降低MDA的作用(P<0.05),能够显著降低炎性因子IL-1β和IL-6的水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论右归丸对腺嘌呤诱导的RIF有明显的改善作用。