Cell cycle and complement inhibitors may be specific for treatment of spinal cord injury in aged and young mice: transcriptomic analyses

Previous studies have reported age-specific pathological and functional outcomes in young and aged patients suffering spinal cord injury,but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined mice with spinal cord injury. Gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database （accession number GSE93561） were used, including spinal cord samples from 3 young injured mice （2–3-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 3 control mice （2–3-months old, no treatment）, as well as 2 aged injured mice （15–18-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 2 control mice （15–18-months old, no treatment）. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in spinal cord tissue from injured and control mice were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method,with a threshold of adjusted P 〈 0.05 and ｜logFC（fold change）｜ 〉 1.5. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using data from the STRING database, followed by module analysis by Cytoscape software to screen crucial genes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the underlying functions of DEGs using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Consequently, 1,604 and 1,153 DEGs were identified between injured and normal control mice in spinal cord tissue of aged and young mice, respectively. Furthermore, a Venn diagram showed that 960 DEGs were shared among aged and young mice, while 644 and 193 DEGs were specific to aged and young mice, respectively. Functional enrichment indicates that shared DEGs are involved in osteoclast differentiation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Unique genes for aged and young injured groups were involved in the cell cycle （upregulation of PLK1） and complement （upregulation of C3） activation, respectively. These findings were confirmed by functional analysis of genes in modules （common, 4; aged, 2; young, 1） screened from protein–protein interaction networks. Accordingly, cell cycle and complement inhibitors may be specific treatments for spinal cord injury in aged and young mice, respectively.

High-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube in a young woman with chromosomal 4q abnormality:A case report

BACKGROUND Few studies have reported an association between an increased risk of acquiring cancers and survival in patients with 4q deletion syndrome.This study presents a rare association between chromosome 4q abnormalities and fallopian tube highgrade serous carcinoma(HGSC)in a young woman.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman presented with acute dull abdominal pain and a known chromosomal abnormality involving 4q13.3 duplication and 4q23q24 deletion.Upon arrival at the emergency room,her abdomen appeared ovoid and distended with palpable shifting dullness.Ascites were identified through abdominal ultrasound,and computed tomography revealed an omentum cake and an enlarged bilateral adnexa.Blood tests showed elevated CA-125 levels.Paracentesis was conducted,and immunohistochemistry indicated that the cancer cells favored an ovarian origin,making us suspect ovarian cancer.The patient underwent debulking surgery,which led to a diagnosis of stage IIIC HGSC of the fallopian tube.Subsequently,the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel,resulting in stable current condition.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a rare correlation between a chromosome 4q abnormality and HGSC.UBE2D3 may affect crucial cancer-related pathways,including P53,BRCA,cyclin D,and tyrosine kinase receptors,thereby possibly contributing to cancer development.In addition,ADH1 and DDIT4 may be potential influencers of both carcinogenic and therapeutic responses.

Analysis of demographic characteristics in 3242 young age gastric cancer patients in Korea

AIM:To evaluate the epidemiologic features of young age gastric cancer(GC). METHODS:Retrospectively,a total of 3242 patients with GC between 18 and 45 years of age and 3000 sex-and age-matched controls were reviewed.All subjects were stratified into 3 groups based on age (A,18-30 years;B,31-40 years;C,41-45 years). Epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors were investigated with reference to their age and gender. RESULTS:Compared to controls,more frequent intake of high risk diet(P=0.00075),history of heavy smoking(P=0.00087),intake of heavy alcohol(P= 0.00091),lower social economic status(P=0.00083), body mass index>30(P=0.00097),urban residence(P=0.00065),and more frequent exposure to harmful occupational environments(P=0.00072)were observed in all age groups and both genders in young age GC.These relationships were weaker in females compared to males of the same age,and were stronger as the age of patients increased.However,in group C of young age GC patients,environmental factors played important roles in females and males with a similar body weight.In females,older age at first delivery(> 35 years),lack of lactation history,nulliparity,and poor nutritional status during pregnancy were significantly associated with an increased risk of GC(P=0.00034). In this study,252 patients(7.8%)had a family history of GC with high odds ratio(OR)(3.22-4.21).In particular, family history was more closely associated with GC in males(OR,4.21 in male vs 3.46 in female)and more advanced cases(P=0.00051). CONCLUSION:Hormonal associated factors were more commonly associated with females whereas environmental factors were more commonly associated with males in young age GC patients.

Patients with Early-Stage and Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancers: Young Age Does Link to Poor Outcomes

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether young adult breast cancer patients have poor outcomes independent of established prognostic factors and analyze differences in prognosis between younger and older patients stratified by tumor subtype. Methods: Of 10,950 breast cancer patients treated at West China Hospital between 1998 and 2017, 741 younger patients (Results: We identified 11 parameters (all P P P P = 0.024] and HR for DFS = 1.301 [95% CI, 1.077 - 1.572;P = 0.006]). When stratified by tumor subtype, younger patients with T1, N0, tumor stage I, G3, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and Ki67 ≥ 14% had a poor BCSS;in addition, patients with T1, N1, tumor stages I and II, G3, ER-negative, PR-negative, and triple-negative had a poorer DFS than older patients. Conclusion: Young age was an independent prognostic factor for BCSS and DFS in breast cancer patients. The increased risk of relapse was most pronounced in early-stage breast cancer, especially in patients with ER-negative disease.

Oesophageal Carcinoma in a Young Adult Somali Patient: A Case Report with Brief Literature Review

The present case report describes a 30 years old Somali male diagnosed to have a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. We report this case with a brief literature review because of its infrequency in the younger age group.

Application of real-time shear wave elastography to Achilles tendon hardness evaluation in older adults

BACKGROUND Real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure tissue stiffness by generating and tracking shear waves in real time.This advanced ultrasound-based method provides quantitative information regarding tissue elasticity,offering valuable insights into the mechanical properties of biological tissues.However,the application of real-time SWE in the musculoskeletal system and sports medicine has not been extensively studied.AIM To explore the practical value of real-time SWE for assessing Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.METHODS A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the present study,and differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons were compared among the following categories:(1)Age:55-60,60-65,and 65-70-years-old;(2)Sex:Male and female;(3)Laterality:Left and right sides;(4)Tendon state:Relaxed and tense state;and(5)Tendon segment:Proximal,middle,and distal.RESULTS There were no significant differences in the elastic moduli of the bilateral Achilles tendons when comparing by age or sex(P>0.05).There were,however,significant differences when comparing by tendon side,state,or segment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Real-time SWE plays a significant role compared to other examination methods in the evaluation of Achilles tendon hardness in older adults.

Changing patterns and survival improvements of young breast cancer in China and SEER database, 1999-2017

Objective: Breast cancer in young females was usually considered more aggressive and requires aggressive therapy. We investigated whether early detection and improved treatments changed the patterns of characteristics,management and outcomes of young breast cancer patients over time.Methods: Females under 40 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer during the periods 1999-2017 and1999-2015 were identified in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC) and the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) registry, respectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment information were collected. Patients diagnosed before 2013 were followed up.Results: The proportions of young breast cancer patients were 15.0% and 5.3% in the FUSCC and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the FUSCC cohort, there was a significant increase in the proportion of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(from 8.8% to 16.9%;P<0.0001) and it remained stable in SEER cohort. The proportion of T1-stage tumors increased dramatically in the FUSCC cohort(from 35.3% to 41.9%;P=0.008), whereas it decreased in SEER cohort(from 42.4% to 33.0%;P<0.0001). The percentage of estrogen receptor(ER)-positive cancers was consistently increased in both the invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) and DCIS patients in the two cohorts. Breastconserving surgery and immediate implant reconstruction after mastectomy both exhibited increased use over time in the FUSCC cohort. Both the FUSCC and SEER cohorts showed a significantly better prognosis in the recent time period.Conclusions: With the increased early-stage and ER-positive diseases in young patients as well as better systemic treatment strategies, improved survival has been observed in recent years. There has been a substantial deescalation in surgical therapies in young breast cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer in young adults: A difficult challenge

Sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC) is traditionally diagnosed after the sixth decade of life,and current recommendations for surveillance include only patients older than 50 years of age. However,an increasing incidence of CRC in patients less than 40 years of age has been reported. This occurrence has been attributed to different molecular features and low suspicion of CRC in young symptomatic individuals. When confronting young-onset CRC with older patients,issues such as biological aggressiveness,stage at diagnosis and clinical outcomes seem to differ in many aspects. In the future,the identification of the molecular profile underlying the early development of sporadic CRC will help to plan tailored screening recommendations and improve management. Besides that,differential diagnosis with CRC linked with hereditary syndromes is necessary to provide adequate patient treatment and family screening. Until we find the answers to some of these doubts,doctors should raise suspicion when evaluating an young adult and be aware of this risk and consequences of a late diagnosis.

Colorectal cancer in the young,many questions,few answers

At a time where the incidence of colorectal cancer,a disease predominantly of developed nations,is showing a decline in those 50 years of age and older,data from the West is showing a rising incidence of this cancer in young individuals.Central to this has been the 75% increase in rectal cancer incidence in the last four decades.Furthermore,predictive data based on mathematical modelling indicates a 124 percent rise in the incidence of rectal cancer by the year 2030-a statistic that calls for collective global thought and action.While predominance of colorectal cancer(CRC) is likely to be in that part of the large bowel distal to the splenic flexure,which makes flexible sigmoidoscopic examination an ideal screening tool,the cost and benefit of mass screening in young people remain unknown.In countries where the incidence of young CRC is as high as 35% to 50%,the available data do not seem to indicate that the disease in young people is one of high red meat consuming nations only.Improvement in our understanding of genetic pathways in the aetiology of CRC,chiefly of the MSI,CIN and CIMP pathway,supports the notion that up to 30% of CRC is genetic,and may reflect a familial trait or environmentally induced changes.However,a number of other germline and somatic mutations,some of which remain unidentified,may play a role in the genesis of this cancer and stand in the way of a clear understanding of CRC in the young.Clinically,a proportion of young persons with CRC die early after curative surgery,presumably from aggressive tumour biology,compared with the majority in whom survival after operation will remain unchanged for five years or greater.The challenge in the future will be to determine,by genetic fingerprinting or otherwise,those at risk of developing CRC and the determinants of survival in those who develop CRC.Ultimately,prevention and early detection,just like for those over 50 years with CRC,will determine the outcome of CRC in young persons.At present,aside from those with an established familial tendency,there is no consensus on screening young persons who may be at risk.However,increasing awareness of this cancer in the young and the established benefit of prevention in older persons,must be a message that should be communicated with medical students,primary health care personnel and first contact doctors.The latter constitutes a formidable challenge.

Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life.

Is Osteosarcoma between the Two Peak Ages Different?

Background: Unlike two known peak age groups (10 - 14 and older than 65 years of age), there was relatively scant attention in osteosarcoma patients between them, and previous reports had analyzed other than Asians. Therefore we conducted this study with Korean patients and focused on 20 - 40 years of age, then investigated age-specific or race-specific meaningful outcomes. Materials and Methods: 379 patients who were newly diagnosed as osteosarcoma in two Korean major cancer hospitals from September 1986 to July 2015 with more than 2-year follow-up were retrospectively studied. There were 290 patients with 20 - 40 years of age, 60 patients aged 19 or younger, and 29 patients aged 41 or older. Age at diagnosis, gender, location of primary lesion, metastasis at diagnosis, histologic subtypes, histologic response were analyzed as prognostic factors by overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates. Results: Primary pelvic lesion and poor histologic response were significantly unfavorable prognostic factors, but not age-specific. However, proportion of metastasis at diagnosis was significantly highest in 20 - 40 years of age group. For the age at diagnosis, older patients presented poorer 5-year OS and EFS rates, but for 10-year, 20 - 40 years of age group showed unusually better prognosis than younger age’s, with statistic significance in OS rates but not in EFS rates. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma patients with 20 - 40 years of age in Korea presented relatively better prognosis after longer-term 10-year despite their late diagnosis causing more metastasis at diagnosis, which emphasized expedite diagnosis and appropriate treatment to expect much better prognosis than peak age groups.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in extremely maternal age

Objective: To study the adverse outcome in pregnant women ≤ 16 and ≥ 40 years. Study Design: A total of 1100 cases, 1061 cases of pregnant women ≤ 16 years, 20 - 29 and ≥ 40 years with completed charts between 1st January, 2006 to 31st December, 2010, were enrolled in this study. The patient data includeing demographic data, hospital course, maternal laboratory investigations, maternal complications, placental complications and neonatal outcomes were recorded. SPSS version 14, one-way Anowa, Chi-square and analysis of varience were used to compare the data among two and three groups. Results: Anemia, underlying medical diseases including heart, thyroid and pulmonary diseases, obstetric complications including severe pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta previa and preterm labour;medical administrations including magnesium sulfate, dexamethasone and bricanyl, outcome of deliveries and neonatal outcomes, were different with statistical significance between the 3 groups of pregnant women. Conclusion: Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were mostly found in the pregnant women ≤ 16 and ≥ 40 years. Education of contraception, safe sex and effective care during pregnancy of both extremely maternal age groups should be implemented to reduce those poor outcomes.

K-Ar age of young volcanic rocks and excess argon——Binary mixing model and quantitative study of excess argon effect

A binary mixing model for excess argon is suggested in the note. According to thismodel and the data of excess argon component obtained in our experiment, a quantitative study of the effect of excess argon on real K-Ar age of young volcanic rocks is done. The result indicates that the effect of 5% excess argon component in samples on K-Ar age of the samples more than 2 Ma is less than 7.36% and can lead K-Ar age of 0.5 Ma samples to increase by 32.4%, while 1% excess argon component leads K-Ar age of 0.5 Ma samples to increase by 6.26%. Therefore, when pre-processed excess argon component is ≤1%, K-Ar age of the samples more than 0.5 Ma should be credible. On this basis we suggest a principal opinion for evaluation of previous K-Ar dating results and propose that the matrix is used to determine K-Ar age of young volcanic rocks. For the samples less than 0.2 Ma, in the case of high excess argon content, even if only 1% excess argon component exists in their matrix, it can also greatly affect their K-A

Clinical characteristics of patients in their forties who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer in Korea

BACKGROUND The proportion of young patients with colorectal cancer(CRC),especially in their 40s,is increasing worldwide.AIM To confirm the clinical characteristics of such patients,we planned a study comparing them to patients in their 30s and 50s.METHODS Patients undergoing primary resection for CRC,patients in their 30s,40s and 50s were included in the study.Patient and tumor characteristics,and perioperative and oncologic outcomes were compared.RESULTS Most clinical characteristics of 451(10.5%)patients in their 40s were more similar to those of patients in their 30s than those in their 50s.On pathology data,there were more metastatic lesions(30s vs 40s vs 50s;17.5%vs 21.1%vs 14.9%,P=0.012)in patients in their 40s.There was a trend toward less frequent K-ras mutations among patients in their 40s(48.5%vs 33.3%vs 44.5%,P=0.064).The proportion of patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy was also significantly greater among patients in their 40s(58.3%vs 63.9%vs 56.3%,P=0.032).Five-year overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)did not differ between the three groups(5-year OS,92.2%vs 89.8%vs 92.2%,P=0.804;5-year total DFS,98.6%vs 95.7%vs 96.1%,P=0.754;5-year local DFS,98.6%vs 94.3%vs 94.9%,P=0.579;5-year systemic DFS,86.4%vs 87.9%vs 86.4%,P=0.908).CONCLUSION Patients with CRC in their 40s showed significantly more numerous metastatic lesions.The oncologic outcome of stage 1-3 patients in their 40s was not inferior compared to that of those in their 30s and 50s.

Colorectal carcinoma in a Southern Mediterranean country: The Libyan scenario

AIM: To study the salient features of colorectal cancer(CRC) in Libya.METHODS: Patients records were gathered at the primary oncology clinic in eastern Libya for the period of one calendar year(2012). Using this data, various parameters were analyzed and age-standardized incidence rates were determined using the direct method and the standard population.RESULTS: During 2012, 174 patients were diagnosed with CRC, 51.7%(n = 90) male and 48.3%(n = 84) females. The average age was 58.7(± 13.4) years, with men around 57.3(± 13) years old and women usually 60.1(± 13.8) years of age. Libya has the highest rate of CRC in North Africa, with an incidence closer to the European figures. The age-standardized rate for CRC was 17.5 and 17.2/100000 for males and females respectively. It was the second most common cancer, forming 19% of malignancies, with fluctuation in ranking and incidence in different cities/villages. Increasingly, younger ages are being afflicted and a higher proportion of patients are among the > 40 years subset.Nearly two-thirds presented at either stage Ⅲ(22.4%) or Ⅳ(38.4%).CONCLUSION: Cancer surveillance systems should be established in order to effectively monitor the situation. Likewise, screening programs are invaluable in the Libyan scenario given the predominance of sporadic cases.

Identification of Germline Mutations in East‑Asian Young Never‑Smokers with Lung Adenocarcinoma by Whole‑Exome Sequencing

Recently,an increasing number of young never-smokers are diagnosed with lung cancer.The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic predisposition of lung cancer in these patients and discover candidate pathogenic variants for lung adenocarcinoma in young never-smokers.Peripheral blood was collected from 123 never-smoking east-Asian patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma before the age of 40.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells.As a result,3,481 single nucleotide variants were identified.By bioinformatical tools and the published gene list associated with genetic predisposition of cancer,pathogenic variants were detected in ten germline genes:ATR,FANCD2,FANCE,GATA2,HFE,MSH2,PDGFRA,PMS2,SDHB,and WAS.Patients with pathogenic variants were more likely to occur in females(9/10,90.0%)and have stage IV lung adenocarcinoma(4/10,40%).Furthermore,germline muta-tions in 17 genes(ASB18,B3GALT5,CLEC4F,COL6A6,CYP4B1,C6orf132,EXO1,GATA4,HCK,KCP,NPHP4,PIGX,PPIL2,PPP1R3G,RRBP1,SALL4,and TTC28),which occurred in at least two patients,displayed potentially pathogenic effects.Gene ontology analysis further showed that these genes with germline mutations were mainly located in nucleo-plasm and associated with DNA repair-related biological processes.The study provides spectrum of pathogenic variants and functional explanation for genetic predisposition of lung adenocarcinoma in young never-smokers,which sheds a light on prevention and early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Modulation of Sodium-Dependent Transporters Expression in Normal Human Keratinocytes by a Sodium Rich Isotonic Thermal Water

Background/Aim: In order to show that water can participate to the skin defense in front of different stress, we investigated the effect of an isotonic thermal water notably rich in Sodium (i.e. the Uriage thermal water) on 1) The taurine transporter (TauT) expression in human normal keratinocytes irradiated or not by UVB;and 2) the Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression in human normal keratinocytes issued from two “young” and two “aged” subjects, irradiated or not by UVB. Methods and Results: Using sensible and specific TAUT and SVCT1 ELISA assays developed in house, we provide 1) the unambiguous demonstration that the Uriage thermal water is able to help the epidermis to maintain its taurine content under UVB irradiation;2) the first example of an altered SVCT1 expression in “aged” keratinocytes and of a significant positive effect of the Uriage thermal water on this altered SVCT1 production;and 3) arguments showing that Uriage thermal water is also able to participate to the regulation of the SVCT1 production in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Conclusion: Taking together, these results suggest that the Uriage thermal water could act to efficiently protect the skin from dehydration through its effect on TauT and SVCT1 expression, and furthermore, to allow a more efficient taurine and ascorbic acid supplying to the epidermis in order to protect him from other aggressions such as oxidant stress for example.

High-precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry dating of young volcanic rocks by using U-series method

A high precision thermal ionization mass spectrometric (HP-TIMS) technique is used to determine 238U,234U,232Th,230Th concentrations and their ratios in whole rocks and minerals separated from Ouaternary Maanshan, Dayingshan and Heikongshan volcanic rocks of Tengchong volcanic field .Yunnan Province, China. The 238U-230Th isochrons are given, yielding four age values (227 ? 20) ka (D-1, Dayingshan), (79.6 ±5.5) ka (D-7, Dayingshan), (21.9 ± 3.0) ka (h-1, Heikongshan), and (7.5 ± 1.0) ka (M-1, Maanshan). The result is not only consistent with but also preciser than those measured by the K-Ar method and the alpha spectrometry U-series method, indicating that the HP-TIMS method is reliable and has high precision. Besides, a procedure of HP-TIMS analysis of young volcanic rocks in China is set up preliminarily.

胸骨上举术治疗漏斗胸(附6例报告)

作者自1986年8月～1987年4月,采用胸骨上举术,以自制金属支杆作为内固定器,治疗5岁以下幼儿漏斗胸6例,近期疗效满意.胸骨上举术操作简便,手术时间短,术后反常呼吸发生少,程度轻,并适用于不对称型漏斗胸.本文就胸骨上举术的操作方法及注意事项作一详细介绍.

Risk factors related to acute renal failure after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in low body weight infants

Background Acute renal failure （ARF） is a common complication and a very important cause of postoperative death in children with congenital heart disease. Large cohort investigation of the morbidity and related risk factors for ARF in very young and low-body-weight children in China is still absent. Methods Data of 518 infants after cardiac surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between multivariate risk factors and ARF after cardiac surgery was analyzed by logistic regression. Results The incidence of postoperative ARF within 30 days was 6.9% （n = 36）. High RACHS-1 Score, long duration of CPB, rethoracotomy exploration and postoperative low cardiac output were independent risk factors of ARF. There were statistical significances in intensive care unit staying [（21.73 ± 7.28） days vs （7.41 ± 3.76） days], P 0. 001] and mortality （27.8% vs 7.5%, P 0. 001） between the patients with or without ARF. Conclusions Acute renal failure is a key negative factor for the survivors after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in very young patients with low body weight. High RACHS-1 Score, long duration of CPB, rethoracotomy exploration and postoperative low cardiac output are independent risk factors for development of ARF.