Influencing factors of early post-traumatic stress disorder in young and middle-aged individuals with open globe injuries in west China:a cross-sectional study

AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.

Correlation between psychological traits and the use of smart medical services in young and middle-aged adults: An observational study

BACKGROUND Psychological problems affect economic development.However,there is a huge gap between mental health service resources and mental health service needs.Existing mental health service technology and platforms cannot meet all the diverse mental health needs of people.Smart medicine is a new medical system based online that can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of medical services and make mental health services accessible.AIM To explore the level of intelligent medical use among young and middle-aged people and its correlation with psychological factors.METHODS Convenience sampling was used to select 200 young and middle-aged patients with medical experience at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2022 and January 2023 as the research subjects.The general condition Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,General Health Questionnaire,and Smart Medical Service Use Intention Questionnaire were used to collect data.Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the participants’willingness to use smart medical services and their personality characteristics,psychological symptoms,and mental health.RESULTS The results revealed that the mental health of young and middle-aged people was poor,and some had psycho-logical problems such as anxiety,depression,and physical discomfort.Familiarity,acceptance,and usage of smart healthcare in this population are at a medium level,and these levels correlate with psychological characteristics.Acceptance was positively correlated with E,and negatively correlated with P,anxiety,fear,anxiety/insomnia,and social dysfunction.The degree of use was negatively correlated with P,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia,and somatic symptoms.CONCLUSION The familiarity,acceptance,and usage of smart medical services among the middle-aged and young groups are related to various psychological characteristics.

Study on the association of multimorbidity with sleep and diet in young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing region,China

Background:The prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing,with a notable shift towards younger age groups.Methods:Convenience sampling was employed to select 15,988 young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing as the study population.The Apriori algorithm was used to identify the multimorbidity patterns within this population,while an unordered binary logistic regression model was applied to assess the association between sleep,diet and the risk of multimorbidity.Results:The study population had an average age of 39.2±10.1 years.Apriori association rules revealed that the most prevalent binary chronic disease multimorbidity pattern was dyslipidaemia+hypertension(14.78%),while the most common ternary chronic disease multimorbidity pattern was diabetes+dyslipidaemia+hypertension(9.66%).The logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower rating of sleep quality was associated with an elevated risk of multimorbidity(odds ratio(OR)=1.17,95%confidence interval(CI):1.01,1.36).Individuals who adhere to a meat-based diet(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.25,1.68)and those with elevated salt intake(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.01,1.47)were also observed to have an increased risk of multimorbidity.Additionally,a greater likelihood of multimorbidity was observed among those following a spicy diet(OR=1.3,95%CI:1.11,1.52)and consuming more oil(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.01,1.33).Conclusion:A poor sleep quality and a dietary preference for meat-based,salt,spicy and oils were found to be associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity progression among young and middle-aged populations.It is recommended that young and middle-aged adults should pay attention not only to sleep duration but also to sleep quality and improve dietary habits to reduce the likelihood of multimorbidity.

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Self- Advocacy in Young and Middle-Aged Patients with Breast Cancer: A Latent Profile Analysis

Objective:To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of self-advocacy in young and middle-aged patients with breast cancer and to provide a theoretical basis for personalized intervention.Methods:From September 2023 to March 2024,314 young and middle-aged breast cancer patients were studied.Female cancer patients were surveyed using the self-advocacy scale,social support rating scale,and chronic health literacy scale.Latent profile analysis was used to investigate the heterogeneity and influencing factors of self-advocacy.Results:Self-advocacy among young and middle-aged breast cancer patients were classified into two potential categories:low advocacy-lack of support(51.7%)and high advocacy-effective communication(48.3%).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that educational level,per capita monthly income,social support,and health literacy were significant influencing factors of these categories(P<0.05).Conclusion:Self-advocacy in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients demonstrates categorical heterogeneity.Identifying self-advocacy characteristics and implementing targeted intervention strategies—focused on self-efficacy and improving health literacy—can enhance self-advocacy in these patients.

The Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Subjective Well-Being of Young and Middle-Aged Residents: Perceived the Mediating Role of Social Support and Its Urban-Rural Differences

This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.

Effect of Age and Sex on Stroke Mortality of Young and Middle-aged Adults in China,2002–2019,and Predictions to 2030

Objective This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China.Methods Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system.Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression.Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes.Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results Between 2002 and 2019,a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded.The age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)of women showed a downward trend.The annual percent changes(APC)were-3.5%(-5.2%,-1.7%)for urban women and-2.8%(-3.7%,-1.9%)for rural women.By contrast,the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25–44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46.The AAMRS for urban men aged 25–44 years and urban and rural men aged 45–64years did not change significantly.Between 2020 and 2030,the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women.Conclusion Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China.Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation,especially for rural men,with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.

Psychosocial Adaptation Level and Work Participation Rate of Young and Middle-aged Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI

[Objectives]The research aimed to understand the psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI and their participation situation in work.[Methods]210 young and middle-aged patients aged 18-59 years with coronary heart disease treated by PCI in a tertiary hospital of Suzhou from July of 2020 to November of 2022 were selected,and general information of patients in three days after operation was registered.Self-report psychosocial adjustment to illness scale(PAIS-SR)was used to investigate the psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients in 1,3 and 6 months after operation and the participation rate of work.[Results]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI was different in gender,age,education level,marital status,hypertension,diabetes,postoperative cardiac color Doppler ultrasound results(left ventricular ejection fraction)and the number of stents(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI needs to be improved.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of men is higher than that of women.The older the age is,the lower the psychosocial adjustment to illness is.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with high educational background is higher than those with low educational background,while the psychosocial adjustment to illness of married people is higher than unmarried people.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes is lower.

Influencing factors of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease:a cross-sectional study

Objective:To examine the present state of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and to identify the elements that may be affecting it.Methods:From December 2020 to June 2021,240 young and middle-aged patients with CHD who were being treated in the cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Suzhou were chosen using a convenience sampling method in order to gather data on the patients’sociodemographic status,fatigue,social support,and stress.Results:Of the 240 disseminated questionnaires,220 valid responses were returned,resulting in an effective recovery rate of 91.67%.The frequency of exhaustion was 51.8%,and the fatigue score was(5.27±2.77).The stress score was(11.15±3.36),while the overall social support score was(39.13±4.72).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age,exercise,staying up late,stress,social support,high-sensitivity troponin T,high-density lipoprotein,and ejection fraction were independent risk factors for fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with CHD(P<0.05).Conclusions:Fatigue is more prevalent in young and middle-aged patients with CHD.Clinical nurses can create a unique management plan for patients based on their lifestyle and behavioral patterns,stress levels,social support,and clinical signs to reduce fatigue.

Association of fatigue with short-term prognosis in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease

Background:To investigate the effect of fatigue on the short-term prognosis of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A cross-sectional,observational survey was distributed at a tertiary hospital in Suzhou,China.Patients were assessed for fatigue and their prognosis was assessed at 3 and 6 months after discharge.General Information Questionnaire,Fatigue Scale and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)were used for the survey.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the impact of fatigue on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results:199 patients were followed up with in the end.43 patients(21.6%)with MACE three months after discharge had a total SAQ score of(399.76±39.61).The overall SAQ score was(425.14±22.66)and 52 patients(26.1%)experienced MACE six months after discharge.Fatigue was identified as a risk factor for MACE 6 months after discharge by the Cox proportional hazard model(HR=2.939,95%CI:0.177~0.655,P=0.001)and as an independent risk factor for quality of life 3 and 6 months after discharge by multiple linear regression(P<0.001).Conclusions:In individuals who are young or middle-aged and have coronary heart disease,fatigue is a risk factor for the short-term prognosis.It is advised that clinical professionals prioritize patient fatigue assessment and improve management of fatigue symptoms.

Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

Correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder

Objective:To study the correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder.Methods: The young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder in our hospital between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected as the anxiety group, and the healthy subjects receiving physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected to determine the contents of uric acid, neurotransmitters and cytokines, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was adopted to judge the degree of anxiety.Results: The blood uric acid level of anxiety group was obviously higher than that of control group and the higher the HAMA scores, the more significant the rising of blood uric acid levels;serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contents of anxiety group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) contents were significantly lower than those of control group;blood uric acid level of the anxiety group was positively correlated with 5-HT, NE, DA, IL-1 , IL-17 and IFN-γ contents, and negatively correlated with NPY, IL-4 and TGF-β contents.Conclusion: The rise of blood uric acid level in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder is related to the aggravation of anxiety degree as well as the abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters and cytokines.

Analysis of the Causes of Insomnia in Young and Middle-aged People and Nursing Intervention Strategies of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Objective:To examine insomnia in the modern young and middle-aged population and explore nursing intervention strategies using traditional Chinese and Western medicine.Methods:A total of 255 inpatients and outpatients were sampled from Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The Sleep Questionnaire for Young and Middle-aged People was used to assess insomnia,and a linear regression model was applied for data analysis.Results:A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected.Correlation analysis revealed a high incidence of insomnia among respondents.Linear correlation analysis indicated that mental illness or other underlying diseases leading to pain had a significantly positive effect on symptom improvement through Chinese and Western medicine treatments(B=0.763,P<0.01).Conversely,work or life pressures(emotional or financial issues)had a significantly negative impact on treatment effectiveness(B=-0.503,P<0.01).Cross-analysis identified high life or work pressure as the primary cause of insomnia(70.1%).Conclusion:Insomnia is prevalent among the young and middle-aged in modern times,with high work or life pressure being the leading factor.

Experience of Treating Hypertension from Liver and Spleen Among Middle-Aged and Young Patients:A Summary

Qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach,transportation,phlegm and dampness generate endogenous and turbid phlegm that violates the position of yang clearance.As a result,dizziness cis resulted.The author believes that the incidence of middle-aged and young patients with hypertension is mostly related to the dysfunction of liver and spleen.Liver depression and qi stagnation is the beginning of the onset;spleen deficiency and dyskinesia is the norm of the onset;and liver and spleen imbalance is the origin of the onset.It is advocated that regulating the liver and spleen to restore the rise and fall,harmonizing qi and blood and preventing lesions are the main treatment methods for the treatment of middle-aged and young people’s hypertension,which is conducive to the development of more clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for hypertension amomg middle-aged and young people.

Sun Fengyan, a model for young and middle-aged professionals

APOPLEXY is generally acknowledgedin medical circles as a forceful killer.It resultsin ischemic damage of the nerve cells(a lackof blood supply).some of which die andothers of which survive.Can we stop thedeath ot these cells by medical means,or atleast raise the survival rate and rehabilitatethem?That is what Professor Sun Fengyanwith the Shanghai Medical SciencesUniversity is working on. Sun Fengyan was conferred a Doctor ofnerve pharmacologia in 1987 and three

Cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INTERHEART risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in Malaysia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January 2023.Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final analysis.Data were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent variables.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(P<0.05,Pearson correlation).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural intention.Males,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(P<0.05,one-way ANOVA).While educational level,smoking status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(P<0.05,linear regression).Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting cardiovascular health awareness and risk perception among middle-aged adults to foster positive BI and reduce CVD risk.Tailored interventions targeting specific risk factors identified by INTERHEART may enhance risk stratification accuracy and facilitate targeted preventive strategies.

Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for depressive symptoms in a middle-aged and elderly arthritis population

BACKGROUND Arthritis is a prevalent and debilitating condition that affects a significant proportion of middle-aged and older adults worldwide.Characterized by chronic pain,inflammation,and joint dysfunction,arthritis can severely impact physical function,quality of life,and mental health.The overall burden of arthritis is further compounded in this population due to its frequent association with depression.As the global population both the prevalence and severity of arthritis are anticipated to increase.AIM To investigate depressive symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly arthritic population in China,a risk prediction model was constructed,and its effectiveness was validated.METHODS Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018 data on middleaged and elderly arthritic individuals,the population was randomly divided into a training set(n=4349)and a validation set(n=1862)at a 7:3 ratio.Based on 10-fold cross-validation,least absolute shrinkage and selection regression was used to screen the model for the best predictor variables.Logistic regression was used to construct the nomogram model.Subject receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves were used to determine model differentiation and accuracy.Decision curve analysis was used to assess the net clinical benefit.RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly arthritis population in China was 47.1%,multifactorial logistic regression analyses revealed that gender,age,number of chronic diseases,number of pain sites,nighttime sleep time,education,audiological status,health status,and place of residence were all predictors of depressive symptoms.The area under the curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.740(95%confidence interval:0.726-0.755)and 0.731(95%confidence interval:0.709-0.754),respectively,indicating good model differentiation.The calibration curves demonstrated good prediction accuracy,and the decision curve analysis curves demonstrated good clinical utility.CONCLUSION The risk prediction model developed in this study has strong predictive performance and is useful for screening and assessing depression symptoms in middle-aged and elderly arthritis patients.

Coping review of dementia fear studies among middle-aged and elderly people in the community

This study used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework and searched the following databases:PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Scopus,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.The database is open to December 20,2023,and documents related to the fear of dementia among the elderly in the community are described and analyzed to provide a reference for future research in this field.At the same time,we screened,extracted,and summarized relevant information from 21 included documents(16 in English and 5 in Chinese),which consisted of 16 cross-sectional studies,2 quasi-experimental studies,2 randomized controlled studies,and 1 longitudinal study.Sixteen of the included documents mentioned the incidence or level of dementia fear among the elderly in the community,2 addressed the adverse effects of dementia fear,and 4 reported prevention and intervention measures for dementia fear.In total,there are 8 assessment tools,and the influencing factors are categorized into sociodemographic characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,sociocultural background factors,and health and dementia-related factors.The final conclusion is that the fear of dementia is common among the elderly in the community.In the future,the application of research tools should be expanded among middle-aged individuals,with considerations for other types of dementia in mind.It is recommended to conduct large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled trials while confirming the intervention’s effect on different types of middle-aged and elderly individuals,focusing on the long-term impact of these intervention measures to promote healthy aging.

International Young Entrepreneurs Call for More Green Cooperation

The global issue of climate change presents young entrepreneurs with opportunities to explore new business models.FACED with the severe challenges presented by global climate change,pursuing a green lifestyle is a way to achieve sustainable development.Many countries are exploring ways to reach a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Soil of Middle-aged Slash Pine Forest

In order to promote the growth of mid-aged Pinus elliottii plantation, the effects of different fertilizing amounts of formula fertilizer were studied on the growth, the soil and cost-benefit of 9 year-old Pinus el/iottii plantations in the north- ern part of Hunan, China. Three years after fertilization, the results showed that the increments of DBH, height, individual volume and stock volume of stand, and the fertilizer benefit of the different fertilization treatments were higher than the control to varying degrees, and among them, 700 g/tree was the best for promoting the growth of Pinus elliottii. Two years fertilization, the soil nutrients were improved compared with before, pH values of different layers decreased, organic matter and rapid available K contents increased, and rapid available N content increased dra- matically with the upper layer having an increase higher than the lower one; rapid available P decreased at different levels with the upper layer having a decrease lower than the lower one; and proper application of fertilizer could promote the growth of Pisolithus tinctofius, and 7 months after fertilization, the number of Pisolithus fruiting body generally increased with the increase of the fertilizer within 100-800 g/tree. The yield and benefit per unit area could be increased by fertiliza- tion for 1 time in middle-aged Pinus elliottii plantations, and the best fertilizing amount was N-P-K fertilizer 700 g/tree.

Case of clear-cell hepatocellular carcinoma that developed in the normal liver of a middle-aged woman

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our department for close examination of a liver tumor that was found during a medical checkup. Abdominal US, CT and MRI showed a tumor in segment 7 (S7) of the liver. Although imaging suggested hepatocellular carcinoma, laboratory tests showed no abnormality in liver function, hepatitis virus markers were negative, and tumor markers including protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ (PIVKA-Ⅱ), α-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were all within normal ranges. Upon aspiration biopsy of the liver, the histopathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, right hepatectomy was performed. Although a part of the tumor was necrotic, about 60% of the viable part showed a clear-cell variant. Consequently, it was diagnosed as clear-cell hepatocellular carcinoma. It was noted that the background liver tissue was normal. This case is worthy of reporting because development of clear-cell hepatocellular carcinoma in the normal liver of a middle-aged woman is rarely seen.