BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging ...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.展开更多
In the new century, the reform of basic education and the objective social demand of quality education put forward newrequirements and challenges to the work of Young Pioneers. Young Pioneers are important student org...In the new century, the reform of basic education and the objective social demand of quality education put forward newrequirements and challenges to the work of Young Pioneers. Young Pioneers are important student organizations in schools.Meaningful activities of young pioneers can organize children and adolescents. It can give full play to their enthusiasm andhighlight the leading role of young pioneers in the Young Pioneer Organization. The educational function of young pioneers inprimary schools has been restricted by various factors, resulting in a phenomenon that is not compatible with the characteristics ofthe times and students. School management is a guarantee. It is necessary to ensure the relative independent status of the YoungPioneers' self-management, and to establish and improve the Young Pioneers counselor system. The construction and managementof the Young Pioneers of the school affects the moral education of primary schools and is the key to the implementation of qualityeducation in schools. The Young Pioneers’ activity class should be adapted to the requirements of the Young Era’s work in the newera, and the educational function of the Primary Young Pioneers should be continuously strengthened.展开更多
Despite the acceptance of physical activity （PA） being integral to a young person＇s health, children with disability often exhibit low levels of PA. In young people with cystic fibrosis （CF） the importance of exe...Despite the acceptance of physical activity （PA） being integral to a young person＇s health, children with disability often exhibit low levels of PA. In young people with cystic fibrosis （CF） the importance of exercise and daily PA is acknowledged by clinicians and their support teams, however, there is a lack of knowledge related to its prescription. CF is a recessive genetic disorder affecting the lung, pancreas and sweat glands. CF is the most common life shortening genetic disease in the Caucasian population for which there is no cure. In the UK, CF affects over 9000 people, with 4000 under 16 years of age. Only about half of the CF population can expect to live beyond 40 years of age. Besides drug therapies, rehabilitative exercise programmes form an important component of treatment and long term exercise programmes are considered positive treatment strategies, but all lack any detailed prescriptive information. Several reviews and editorials have highlighted the lack of evidence based research in PA and exercise training in young people with CF; but advocate a greater need for understanding the role of exercise in therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on the current recommendations and evidence in PA and exercise training for young people with CE These developments have extended our understanding of PA and exercise training in children and adolescents with CF, and its implementation in the management of this chronic disease.展开更多
Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which ...Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present study.Methods:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months apart.Body mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were assessed.Results:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was performed.Perceived WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;p<0.001),psychological distress(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;p<0.001).Standardized indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,respectively.Conclusion:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting PA.Therefore,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.展开更多
Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video games.This study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game ...Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video games.This study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational interest.Methods: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both groups.Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational interest.Results: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% vs.experimental group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p < 0.01), exploration intention(β = 0.18, p < 0.05),and attention demand(β = 0.17, p < 0.05) were positive predictors for total interest, explaining 43% of its variance.Conclusion: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.展开更多
Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversio...Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS II and photochemical quenching (qP) in young fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasing the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria intensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃. INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS I activity center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice levels and perceived barriers towards healthy living to prevent hypertension among young adults in Malaysia.Methods:Adults aged 18-25 years reside in Malays...Objective:To investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice levels and perceived barriers towards healthy living to prevent hypertension among young adults in Malaysia.Methods:Adults aged 18-25 years reside in Malaysia were recruited via convenience sampling.Sociodemographic characteristics,medical knowledge on hypertension(K1),knowledge(K),attitude(A),practice(P)and perceived barriers in practising healthy living to prevent hypertension were assessed.Average scores were categorised into good(80%-100%),upper-moderate(70%-79%),lower-moderate(60%-69%)and poor(<60%).Multivariate analysis was performed to test the difference and relationship of variables.Pearson correlation test was used to test the association of two continuous variables.Results:A total of 1218 respondents participated in this survey.The mean score of K1 was 54.1%,while the knowledge,attitude,and practice towards healthy living were 82.7%,78.2%and 68.5%respectively.The prevalence of high salt intake,high fat intakes,low fibre intake,sedentary lifestyle and lack of annual health screening was 83.2%,81.4%,70.3%,and 73.2%,respectively.Abnormal BMI was associated with low P scores,while lower socio-economic status,unawareness of self-blood pressure reading and those without family history of hypertension were associated with lower scores in K1,K,A,and P.K1,K,A and P are significantly inter-related.The main perceived barriers included self-proclaimed good fit status,frequent consumption of out-of-home food,and addiction to high salt/fat food.Conclusions:The national strategies for health management should be prioritized in reducing salt and fat,promoting annual health screening,physical activities and fibre intake in this age group.展开更多
Numerous studies links movement activity(e.g.,physical activity,sedentary behavior[SB],and sleep)with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,research has typically examined time-use b...Numerous studies links movement activity(e.g.,physical activity,sedentary behavior[SB],and sleep)with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently,rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition.This cross-sec-tional study aimed to use compositional isotemporal analysis to estimate the association between reallocation of time-use behaviors and depression symptoms in young adults in China.Participants(n=1475;68.0%of female;20.7[1.60]years)reported their time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA),light physical activ-ity(LPA),SB,and sleep.Replacing SB with sleep,LPA,and MVPA at 5,10,or 15 min was significantly associated with lower estimated depression symptoms scores.For example,adding MVPA from SB at 15 min was associated with lower depression symptoms scores(estimated difference:-0.13[-0.17,-0.09]).The associations between reallocation of time use behaviors with depression symptoms scores were slightly differentiated.Our results emphasize the importance of increased MVPA and decreased SB as well as their mutual replacements for lowering the risks of depression symptoms in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Our results can inform policy to develop effective plans and strategies for mental health promotion.展开更多
Teachers’language modeling behaviors,including frequent conversation,open-ended questions,repetition and extension,self-and parallel talks,and advanced language,have significantly impacted young children’s language ...Teachers’language modeling behaviors,including frequent conversation,open-ended questions,repetition and extension,self-and parallel talks,and advanced language,have significantly impacted young children’s language learning and development.This study examined 60 classrooms from 20 kindergartens in Guangzhou,China,and analyzed 62 films of daily activities and 57 videos of free play.It aims to address the research gap in existing research that pays little attention to teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play.The results indicate that the more frequent teachers’language modeling behaviors,the larger the vocabulary young children use and the better their performance in lexical richness.However,such behaviors in daily activities and free play are infrequent and superficial,failing to guide young children’s language development effectively.To optimize teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play,they are expected to establish positive emotional bonds with young children in a kind and respectful manner and receive training.Teachers are also encouraged to frequently communicate and engage in dialogues with young children,create contexts that facilitate the use of language,increase the frequency of stimuli for vocabulary learning,and guide and encourage young children’s advanced language.展开更多
A Swiss mentor has put a young scientist on track to contribute to global innovation with his bionic vision startup.THE Zhongguancun Haidian Pioneer Park in Beijing is a business incubator set up in 1989 to nurture st...A Swiss mentor has put a young scientist on track to contribute to global innovation with his bionic vision startup.THE Zhongguancun Haidian Pioneer Park in Beijing is a business incubator set up in 1989 to nurture startups with cutting-edge innovation capabilities so that they can contribute to global innovation.Since then it has become a hub of young Chinese who have returned home after completing their higher studies abroad to start their own innovative businesses,with growing international links.展开更多
基金Supported by the Guizhou Province Science and Technology Plan Project,No.ZK-2023-1952021 Health Commission of Guizhou Province Project,No.gzwkj2021-150.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.
文摘In the new century, the reform of basic education and the objective social demand of quality education put forward newrequirements and challenges to the work of Young Pioneers. Young Pioneers are important student organizations in schools.Meaningful activities of young pioneers can organize children and adolescents. It can give full play to their enthusiasm andhighlight the leading role of young pioneers in the Young Pioneer Organization. The educational function of young pioneers inprimary schools has been restricted by various factors, resulting in a phenomenon that is not compatible with the characteristics ofthe times and students. School management is a guarantee. It is necessary to ensure the relative independent status of the YoungPioneers' self-management, and to establish and improve the Young Pioneers counselor system. The construction and managementof the Young Pioneers of the school affects the moral education of primary schools and is the key to the implementation of qualityeducation in schools. The Young Pioneers’ activity class should be adapted to the requirements of the Young Era’s work in the newera, and the educational function of the Primary Young Pioneers should be continuously strengthened.
文摘Despite the acceptance of physical activity （PA） being integral to a young person＇s health, children with disability often exhibit low levels of PA. In young people with cystic fibrosis （CF） the importance of exercise and daily PA is acknowledged by clinicians and their support teams, however, there is a lack of knowledge related to its prescription. CF is a recessive genetic disorder affecting the lung, pancreas and sweat glands. CF is the most common life shortening genetic disease in the Caucasian population for which there is no cure. In the UK, CF affects over 9000 people, with 4000 under 16 years of age. Only about half of the CF population can expect to live beyond 40 years of age. Besides drug therapies, rehabilitative exercise programmes form an important component of treatment and long term exercise programmes are considered positive treatment strategies, but all lack any detailed prescriptive information. Several reviews and editorials have highlighted the lack of evidence based research in PA and exercise training in young people with CF; but advocate a greater need for understanding the role of exercise in therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on the current recommendations and evidence in PA and exercise training for young people with CE These developments have extended our understanding of PA and exercise training in children and adolescents with CF, and its implementation in the management of this chronic disease.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2410-H-006-115,MOST 111-2410-H-006-100,NSTC 112-2410-H-006-089-SS2)E-Da Hospital(EDAHS112032,EDAHS113021 and EDAHS113036)the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present study.Methods:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months apart.Body mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were assessed.Results:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was performed.Perceived WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;p<0.001),psychological distress(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;p<0.001).Standardized indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,respectively.Conclusion:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting PA.Therefore,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.
基金funded by a grant from the Brittany House of Human Sciences(2015–2017)
文摘Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video games.This study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational interest.Methods: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both groups.Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational interest.Results: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% vs.experimental group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p < 0.01), exploration intention(β = 0.18, p < 0.05),and attention demand(β = 0.17, p < 0.05) were positive predictors for total interest, explaining 43% of its variance.Conclusion: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.
文摘Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS II and photochemical quenching (qP) in young fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasing the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria intensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃. INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS I activity center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.
文摘Objective:To investigate the knowledge,attitude,and practice levels and perceived barriers towards healthy living to prevent hypertension among young adults in Malaysia.Methods:Adults aged 18-25 years reside in Malaysia were recruited via convenience sampling.Sociodemographic characteristics,medical knowledge on hypertension(K1),knowledge(K),attitude(A),practice(P)and perceived barriers in practising healthy living to prevent hypertension were assessed.Average scores were categorised into good(80%-100%),upper-moderate(70%-79%),lower-moderate(60%-69%)and poor(<60%).Multivariate analysis was performed to test the difference and relationship of variables.Pearson correlation test was used to test the association of two continuous variables.Results:A total of 1218 respondents participated in this survey.The mean score of K1 was 54.1%,while the knowledge,attitude,and practice towards healthy living were 82.7%,78.2%and 68.5%respectively.The prevalence of high salt intake,high fat intakes,low fibre intake,sedentary lifestyle and lack of annual health screening was 83.2%,81.4%,70.3%,and 73.2%,respectively.Abnormal BMI was associated with low P scores,while lower socio-economic status,unawareness of self-blood pressure reading and those without family history of hypertension were associated with lower scores in K1,K,A,and P.K1,K,A and P are significantly inter-related.The main perceived barriers included self-proclaimed good fit status,frequent consumption of out-of-home food,and addiction to high salt/fat food.Conclusions:The national strategies for health management should be prioritized in reducing salt and fat,promoting annual health screening,physical activities and fibre intake in this age group.
基金supported in part by the Guangdong Universities and Major Scientific Projects(2017GWQNCX032).
文摘Numerous studies links movement activity(e.g.,physical activity,sedentary behavior[SB],and sleep)with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently,rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition.This cross-sec-tional study aimed to use compositional isotemporal analysis to estimate the association between reallocation of time-use behaviors and depression symptoms in young adults in China.Participants(n=1475;68.0%of female;20.7[1.60]years)reported their time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA),light physical activ-ity(LPA),SB,and sleep.Replacing SB with sleep,LPA,and MVPA at 5,10,or 15 min was significantly associated with lower estimated depression symptoms scores.For example,adding MVPA from SB at 15 min was associated with lower depression symptoms scores(estimated difference:-0.13[-0.17,-0.09]).The associations between reallocation of time use behaviors with depression symptoms scores were slightly differentiated.Our results emphasize the importance of increased MVPA and decreased SB as well as their mutual replacements for lowering the risks of depression symptoms in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Our results can inform policy to develop effective plans and strategies for mental health promotion.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education of China Humanities and Social Sciences Project“Research on Strategies for Improving the Quality of Kindergarten Teacher-Child Interaction”(No.19YJA880065).
文摘Teachers’language modeling behaviors,including frequent conversation,open-ended questions,repetition and extension,self-and parallel talks,and advanced language,have significantly impacted young children’s language learning and development.This study examined 60 classrooms from 20 kindergartens in Guangzhou,China,and analyzed 62 films of daily activities and 57 videos of free play.It aims to address the research gap in existing research that pays little attention to teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play.The results indicate that the more frequent teachers’language modeling behaviors,the larger the vocabulary young children use and the better their performance in lexical richness.However,such behaviors in daily activities and free play are infrequent and superficial,failing to guide young children’s language development effectively.To optimize teachers’language modeling behaviors in daily activities and free play,they are expected to establish positive emotional bonds with young children in a kind and respectful manner and receive training.Teachers are also encouraged to frequently communicate and engage in dialogues with young children,create contexts that facilitate the use of language,increase the frequency of stimuli for vocabulary learning,and guide and encourage young children’s advanced language.
文摘A Swiss mentor has put a young scientist on track to contribute to global innovation with his bionic vision startup.THE Zhongguancun Haidian Pioneer Park in Beijing is a business incubator set up in 1989 to nurture startups with cutting-edge innovation capabilities so that they can contribute to global innovation.Since then it has become a hub of young Chinese who have returned home after completing their higher studies abroad to start their own innovative businesses,with growing international links.
