Strategies for Fostering Interaction in Online Classrooms:A Conversation Analysis of Teacher-Student Verbal Interaction in Random Questioning in Pandemic-Initiated Online Teaching

This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.

A Case Study of Computer-based Teacher-Student Interaction outside Class

This case study examines the interaction through emails between a professor and one of his third-year students outside of the classroom to explore the problems in the teacher-student interaction.It shows that confronted with difficulties,the student turns directly to her teacher,yet failing to make her specific difficulties known,and the teacher spares no pains to exemplify the doing of assignments,yet knowing little about his student’s knowings and unknowings.At the end of the article are some enlightenments:seeking help after self-attempting and helping after knowing.

Optimizing Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment in the Production-Oriented Approach:A Dialectical Research

Teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)aims to address the challenges of responding to students’work in the Production-Oriented Approach:low efficiency and poor effectiveness.As part of a bigger project carried out in a Chinese university over a period of three years,the present study explored how the teacher prepared and implemented TSCA in class,especially with a focus on how she determined the assessing objective and worked collaboratively with her students in class to achieve it,using the students’written and translated texts as examples.By adopting the dialectical research(DR)method,this paper collected qualitative data such as teaching plans,classroom recordings,and reflective journals of the teacher-researcher(the author),along with students’written drafts and translated texts.TSCA theory and classroom practice have been refined simultaneously by means of putting theory into practice and reflecting upon it.The optimized pre-class and in-class procedures may shed some light on applying TSCA to L2 classrooms.

On the Effect of Teacher Talk on Teacher-Student Rapport in College English Classroom

This paper aimed to investigate the effect of teacher talk on teacher-student rapport in college English classroom.Be sides,it attempted to analyze how to build teacher-student rapport in English classroom based on the theories of teacher Talk,hoping that it can assist teachers to upgrade their awareness in teacher talk and increase language learning and teaching efficiency.

Global,regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults:a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019

Background Bipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical,psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults.Aims The aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10-24 years at global,regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019.Methods The data analysed in this study were from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019.The numbers,rates per 100000 population,average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)of incidence,prevalence and years lived with disability(YLDs)of bipolar disorder are reported at the global,regional and national levels among individuals aged 10-24 years.Global trends by age,sex and Social Development Index(SDI)were further analysed.Results Globally,the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100000 population(95%uncertainty interval(Ul):58.13 to 105.15)in 1990 to 84.97 per 100000 population(95%Ul:61.73 to 113.46)in 2019,AAPC 0.24(95%confidence interval(Cl):0.22 to 0.26).In the past three decades,there has been an increase in incidence,prevalence and YLDs in both males and females.The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20-24 years old from 51.76 per 100000 population(95%Ul:26.81 to 87.20)in 1990 to 58.37 per 100000 population(95%UI:30.39 to 98.55)in 2019;AAPC 0.42(95%Cl:0.38 to 0.47).By the SDI quintile,the largest increase in incidence was observed in the middle SDl;however,the high SDI countries had the highest incidence.Regionally,the largest increase in incidence was observed in southern Latin America.At the national level,the most pronounced increase in the incidence was in Greenland.Conclusions The global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.

Changes in Argumentation Performance:Effects of Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment

This paper compares the effectiveness of one-semester-long instruction of teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)and trained peer review assessment(TPRA).Dependent variables include occurrence of structural elements of the simplified Toulmin model,and improvement of argumentation substance which refers to the quality of reasoning reflected in Toulmin structural elements.Eighty-one sophomore English majors from TSCA group(n=41)and TPRA group(n=40)were asked to construct two argumentative essays at both the beginning and the end of the semester.The results reveal that the TSCA group produced significantly more counterargument claims and rebuttal data.Additionally,the TSCA group significantly outperformed TPRA group in constructing stronger counterargument claim,rebuttal claim and rebuttal data.

A Qualitative Study on Teacher-student Collaborative Assessment in College Students’ Oral English

This article examines the application of Teacher-student Collaborative Assessment in college students’oral English.Qualitative Study data were collected during 16 weeks teaching practice and included the students’and the examiner’s interviews.The result indicates that most students’oral English has been improved.They prefer this assessment model,and their English learning interest and proficiency has been enhanced as well.

中国式现代化语境下主流节目IP创设的询唤机制解析——以“家国young貌”系列节目为例

在Web3.0时代,数字信息技术为主流节目IP的交互共享提供了技术支持,但节目内容的泛娱乐化倾向导致部分主流节目叙事传播不畅。文章以中央广播电视总台2023年系列节目“家国young貌”为例,剖析当代主流节目的破圈实践,并结合询唤理论,从话语下沉、仪式沉浸、知行规训三方面提出主流节目IP创设对培植文化自信、建构精神谱系的作用机制。

An Action Research Report on Teacher-Student Interaction in EFL Class

This essay is an action research report, focusing on the analysis of a common problem in EFL teaching---passive class. By analyzing the data collected in an EFL class, the author testifies the hypotheses, reflects on some possible reasons for the passive class and proposes suggestions to improve the teacher-student interaction.

An Analysis on Teacher-student Role Changing in Interactive Teaching Mode

Teachers and students play important roles in teaching activity,and they are the most essential parts of the system.The relationship between teachers and students,the core schooling interpersonal relationship,directly determines whether the teach ing activities can go smoothly or not,and is an important index to measure the quality of teachers and students'school life,and also is an important factor that affects the social function of education.For a long time,relationship between teachers and students has been a hot topic in education and in different sectors of the society.This dissertation aims at discussing the teacher-student role changing in interactive teaching mode to provide reference for building a harmonious relationship between teachers and stu dents.

The Influence of Parent-Child Relationship on Pupils’ Learning Motivation: The Mediating Role of Teacher-Student Relationship

Objective:The study is to analyze the influence of parent-child relationship on pupils’learning motivation,and to explore the mediating mechanism of teacher-student relationship in parent-child relationship and learning motivation.Method:This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 213 pupils in Grades 5 and 6 in two schools in Beijing using Pianta’s teacher-student relationship scale revised by Qu,Dornbush’s parent-child intimacy scale revised by Zhang and the learning motivation scale adapted by Hu.Results:Gender,grade,whether they are the only child and to be a class cadre or not show significant differences in some dimensions of parent-child relationship,teacher-student relationship and learning motivation.The total scores of parent-child relationship,teacher-student relationship and learning motivation are positively correlated,and some sub dimensions are also significantly correlated.Parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship have a significant positive predictive effect on learning motivation,and parent-child relationship has a significant positive predictive effect on teacher-student relationship.Teacher-student relationship plays a mediating role in the influence of parent-child relationship on learning motivation.Conclusions:Parent-child relationship can promote the relationship between teachers and students,and then enhance pupils’learning motivation.

Mortality from Stroke in Young People in Brazzaville

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are an absolute neurovascular emergency and the main cause of mortality and acquired disability in adults. In the Congo, stroke is the leading cause of mortality and the leading cardiovascular emergency, with a hospital frequency of between 49.74% and 56.2%. The aim of the study was to identify the mortality factors associated with stroke in young people in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This is a longitudinal analytical study conducted from February to period from February to September 2019 in the neurology, general intensive care and medical emergency departments of the Brazzaville University Hospital (CHUB). All subjects aged 18 - 55 years of completed age, admitted for arterial stroke confirmed by brain imaging, were included. Study variables were: age, gender, socioeconomic level, laterality, time to admission and CT scan, vascular risk factors, history of cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, TIA (transient ischemic attack) or stroke, NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score, Glasgow score, blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, occurrence or non-occurrence of complications, blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and blood count. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 21 software. Results: 103 patients were included in the study, of whom 45 (43.7%) had ischemic stroke and 58 (56.3%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Mortality was high at 29.1% in our study, and mainly concerned hemorrhagic strokes (73.7%). Two-week mortality in our study accounted for 63.33% of total lethality. After simple logistic regression, the factors associated with death within two weeks were age between 40 - 44 years (OR (odds ratio) = 2.95;p = 0.01), hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 1.41;p = 0.07), mass effect (OR = 3.26;p < 0.01), ventricular flooding (OR = 2.86;p < 0.001), Glasgow score (OR = 2.95 (0.92 - 9.43);p = 0.06), NIHSS score on admission > 15 (OR = 5.89 (2.90 - 11.95);p < 0.001) and bronchopulmonary infection (OR = 30, 95 (4.04 - 236.88), p < 0.001). From multivariate logistic regression, only NIHSS score on admission > 15 emerged as a predictor of death within two weeks (OR = 5.89 (2.90 - 11.95);p Conclusion: This study confirms the basic data of the African literature concerning stroke, as several factors were identified as independent factors associated with mortality.

Research on the Application of Intelligent Evaluation and Teacher-student Cooperation Assessment System in Teaching English Writing

Low efficiency in teaching and time-consuming in writing evaluation are two big problems for college English teachers.Therefore,it is necessary to create a new teaching model to solve these problems existing in traditional classroom-based teaching.This research adopts the research methods of test comparison before and after the students’composition experiment,questionnaire and semi-open interviews.Empirical research on a new teaching model that integrates the intelligent composition review and reform system represented by Piangai.com and the collaborative evaluation of teachers and students is conducted.The research results show that the new writing teaching model improves the quality of students’writing,promotes students’learning initiative,and enhances students’writing self-efficacy.This writing teaching model provides ideas for solving the problem of time-consuming and inefficient English writing teaching in large classes.

Comment on: Observation of peripheral refraction in myopic anisometropia in young adults

Dear Editor,We read with great interest the recently published article titled“Observation of peripheral refraction in myopic anisometropia in young adults”by Du et al[1].The study conducted at the InEye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM provides valuable insights into the relationship between anisometropia and peripheral refraction in myopic young adults.We commend the authors for their thorough investigation and adherence to ethical guidelines.While the study contributes significantly to our understanding of myopic anisometropia,we would like to draw attention to some limitations that merit consideration for a comprehensive interpretation of the findings.

Increasing prevalence of eating disorders in female adolescents compared with children and young adults:an analysis of real-time administrative data

TToo tthhee eeddiittoorr::Eating disorder(ED),as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5),is a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behaviour that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning.^(1)The DSM-5 outlines criteria for EDs,including anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa,binge-eating disorder,pica,rumination disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.EDs are relatively common in young people,affecting 5.5%-17.9%of young women and 0.6%-2.4%of young men by the time they reach early adulthood.

Comment on:Recurrence after spontaneous separation of epiretinal membrane in a young woman:a case report

Dear Editor,Herein,we provide a commentary on the recently published article by Zeng QZ and Yu WZ[1].This case report provides interesting novel insights into the recurrence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)following self-separation in a young patient.In addition to the study,we have been investigating spontaneous ERM release for many years and have recently published a related paper[2].

Acute Coronary Syndrome of Young Subjects at the Luxembourg Mother-Child University Hospital in Bamako

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is often the first event of coronary disease of young subjects. Objective: To study sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acute coronary syndrome of young subjects. Patients and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment from October 01, 2020 to March 31, 2022. Were included all patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome whose age was less or equal to 45 years and who had undergone coronary angiography at the Mother-Child University Hospital on Luxembourg from Bamako. Results: During the study period, we collected 60 patient files out of 198. These 60 patient files met our inclusion criteria. Hospital frequency was 30.30%. Average age of patients was 40.43 ± 3.9 years. Sex ratio M/F was 5.3. Main cardiovascular risk factor was smoking tobacco (23.42%), followed by dyslipidemia (13.92%). Functional signs were dominated by angina 62% followed by dyspnea 25.3%. Persistent ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram was present in 76.4%. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was present in 26.5%. Time to first medical contact was more than 12 hours in 62.7% of cases. Radial approach was adopted in 94% of cases. Coronary angiography was pathological in 85% (n = 51) of cases. Lesions were single-vessel disease in 47.1% and culprit artery was anterior interventricular in 51% of cases. Dual anti-platelet aggregation was aspirin and ticagrelor in 91.8% of cases. Angioplasty was performed in all patients who had significant abnormalities at coronary angiography. In-hospital mortality was 3.9%. Conclusion: Acute coronary syndromes exist in young Africans with a male predominance. Main cardiovascular risk factor is smoking tobacco. Coronary lesions are single vessel disease in the majority of case. Most of patients meet medical team after 12 hours. Time to first medical contact is a main challenge in our country.

Barriers and Motivators of Young Dutch Elite Athletes for Optimizing Their Nutritional Intake

Many young elite athletes do not meet their daily energy and nutrient requirements. However, little research has been done on why these athletes do not meet their daily needs. The aim was to research the barriers and motivators of young Dutch elite athletes to optimize their nutritional intake. Quantitative and qualitative research was conducted among 8 handball and 4 volleyball players at the Dutch National Sports Center (17.2 ± 0.8 years). First, the nutritional intake was tracked through food diaries and analyzed in Nutritics. Thereupon, five semi-structured interviews based on the COM-B model were carried out. The interviews were transcribed and coded. The athletes had a reduced intake of energy, carbohydrates, vitamins A, C, E, D, calcium, potassium, zinc, and iron compared to their requirements. Seven themes for optimizing their nutritional intake emerged in the interviews: needs assessment, practical translation, portion size, lack of time, involvement, individuality, and food distribution. Barriers that the athletes experienced were that they did not know what their total daily nutritional needs were and how this translates into practice. In addition, the portion size at dinner was too small. They also had little time to eat a full meal due to time pressure from training and school. On the other hand, motivators were receiving meal options to translate their needs into practice with a distribution of moments when they need to eat. Covering these topics in nutritional workshops where athletes actively participate with more individual focus, could contribute to the optimization of their nutritional intake.

Alcohol and illicit drugs:prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use and their predictors in young people from Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania

Background:Alcohol and illicit drugs(AID)continue to be a major global health concern.Although preventable,AID is linked to millions of deaths annually worldwide.The situation is particularly grave for young people,with AID being a major direct risk factor for disability-adjusted youth life-years lost and death.It further contributes to assaults,road crashes,accidental poisoning,and suicide,leading to long-term issues and public health concerns.Objective:This study aimed at disclosing current AID prevalence data for Argentinian,Bulgarian,Chilean and Romanian youth.It shed light on the predictors of AID in young people from those countries.Method:The study used an online survey to gather data from people aged 18 to 25(n=1,297).The survey was underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour(TPB).Predictors were investigated separately for drinking alcohol and using illicit drugs.Results:Our data revealed that across the four target countries,49%to 90%of the participants drank alcohol,and 8%to 35%used illicit drugs in the past three months.Between 20%and 91%of them intended to drink,and between 8%and 31%intended to use illicit drugs in the following three months.Our TPB model predicted statistically significant(P<0.001)amounts of variance in drinking alcohol(between 61%and 72%)and using illicit drugs(between 20.3%and 74.4%).Intention was consistent in significantly predicting both behaviours.Evidence around the predictive validity of self-efficacy,age and gender was mixed across the investigated countries.Conclusion:This research provided an update on the scarce AID epidemiological data.It also supplied evidence about what theoretically-informed measures might be useful targets of interventions in the case of Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania.This new knowledge of understanding substance abuse determinants and prevalence may help researchers and practitioners better meet young people's health prevention needs.

Burden landscape of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers in Chinese young adults:30 years’overview and forecasted trends

BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary and pancreatic(HBP)cancers impose a considerable burden on young populations(aged 15 to 49 years),resulting in a substantial number of new cases and fatalities each year.In young populations,the HBP cancers shows extensive variance worldwide and the updated data in China is lacking.AIM To investigate the current status,trends,projections,and underlying risk factors of HBP cancers among young populations in China.METHODS The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 provided data on the annual incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),mortality rate(ASMR),and DALYs rate(ASDR)of HBP cancers in young Chinese adults between 1990 and 2019.Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change and hierarchical clustering.Sex-specific mortality and DALYs caused by various risks were analyzed across China and other regions,with future trends until 2035 projected using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.RESULTS From 1990 to 2019,incident cases,deaths,DALYs,ASIR,ASMR,and ASDR for liver cancer(LC)in young Chinese individuals decreased,classified into'significant decrease'group.Conversely,cases of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer rose,categorized as either'significant increase'or'minor increase'groups.The contribution of risk factors to mortality and DALYs for HBP tumors increased to varying degrees.Healthy lifestyle behaviors,such as tobacco control,weight management,alcohol moderation,and drug avoidance,could lower HBP cancers incidence.Moreover,except for LC in females,which is likely to initially decline slightly and then rise,the forecasting model predicted that the ASIR and ASMR for all HPB cancers subtypes by gender will increase among young adults.CONCLUSION HBP cancers burden among young adults in China is expected to increase until 2035,necessitating lifestyle interventions and targeted treatment strategies to mitigate the public health impact of these cancers.