Yttrium‐and nitrogen‐doped NiCo phosphide nanosheets for high‐efficiency water electrolysis

Engineering high‐performance and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for H_(2)(hydrogen evolution reaction[HER])and O_(2)(oxygen evolution reaction[OER])evolution under industrial electrocatalytic conditions remains challenging.Here,for the first time,we use the stronger electronegativity of a rare‐Earth yttrium ion(Y^(3+))to induce in situ NiCo‐layered double‐hydroxide nanosheets from NiCo foam(NCF)treated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma NCF(PNCF),and then obtain nitrogen‐doped YNiCo phosphide(N‐YNiCoP/PNCF)after the phosphating process using radiofrequency plasma in nitrogen.The obtained NYNiCoP/PNCF has a large specific surface area,rich heterointerfaces,and an optimized electronic structure,inducing high electrocatalytic activity in HER(331mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))and OER(464mV vs.2000mA cm^(−2))reactions in 1MKOH electrolyte.X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the coordination number of CoNi decreased with the incorporation of Y atoms,which induce much shorter bonds of Ni and Co ions and promote long‐term stability of N‐YNiCoP in HER and OER under the simulated industrial conditions.Meanwhile,the CoN‐YP_(5)heterointerface formed by plasma N‐doping is the active center for overall water splitting.This work expands the applications of rare‐Earth elements in engineering bifunctional electrocatalysts and provides a new avenue for designing highperformance transition‐metal‐based catalysts in the renewable energy field.

RETRACTED: Nuclear Structure Study of Odd-Odd Yttrium Nuclei within Interacting-Boson Fermi-Fermion Model (IBFFM)

Short Retraction NoticeThe paper does not meet the standards of "Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Wen-Xiu Ma (EiC of JAMP)The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

Magnetic triangular bubble lattices in bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet

Magnetic bubbles have again become a subject of significant attention following the experimental observation of topologically nontrivial magnetic skyrmions. In recent work, tailoring the shape of the bubbles is considered a key factor for their dynamics in spintronic devices. In addition to the reported circular, elliptical, and square bubbles, here we observe triangular bubble domains in bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet(Bi-YIG) using Kerr microscopy. The bubble domains evolve from discrete circular to latticed triangular and hexagonal shapes. Further, the orientation of the triangular bubbles in the hexagonal lattices can be flipped by decreasing the magnetic field. The sixfold in-plane magnetic anisotropy of Bi-YIG(111) crystal, which is presumably the mechanism underlying the triangular shape of the bubbles, is measured as1179 erg/cm~3. The study of the morphologies of topologically trivial bubbles in YIG offers insight into nontrivial spin textures, which is appealing for future spintronic applications.

海洋磷酸盐对稀土元素的超常富集作用

通过对西太平洋富稀土深海沉积物研究进一步证实,深海沉积物中稀土元素(REY)的富集与P和Ca密切相关,并与生物磷灰石的发育成正比。西太平洋研究区稀土赋存载体之间的定量关系可表达为:∑REY=0.002×[Al_(2)O_(3)]+0.004×[MnO]+0.057×[P_(2)O_(5)]-235.7(单位为μg/g)。

云南普阳煤矿新近系褐煤中稀土元素的赋存状态

目前对于褐煤中稀土元素(REY)赋存状态的研究还存在较多疑问,主要体现在两个方面:一是褐煤中REY究竟主要赋存于有机质中还是矿物质中?二是褐煤含有较多容易受到酸溶干扰的含氧官能团,在逐级化学提取实验过程中,高比例HCl提取相中的REY究竟来自于碳酸盐、磷酸盐、单硫化物等矿物还是来自于有机质?着眼于此,本文在逐级化学提取这一常规元素赋存状态研究方法的基础上,结合密度分离实验、红外光谱(FTIR)等手段,对普阳煤矿新近系褐煤中REY的赋存状态进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,普阳煤矿M2和M3煤层为极低—中灰、中高—高挥发分、中硫分褐煤,其组成矿物主要为石英、方解石、高岭石、黄铁矿。M2和M3煤层中常量元素以Al和Si为主,其REY配分模式主要为L型和N型,其中M2煤层中REY轻度富集。逐级化学提取实验结果显示M2和M3煤层中的REY主要被HCl浸取,其次被HNO3浸取,同时还有部分REY保留在残渣中,HF对煤中REY的提取率很低(一般<10%)。密度分离实验结果表明REY主要赋存于低密度组分中。红外光谱分析结果显示煤样品经HCl处理后,酚羟基、羟基等含氧官能团增多,可能是经HCl浸取后样品中与酚羟基、羟基点位结合的REY被浸出迁移所致。综合来看,普阳煤矿M2和M3煤层中的REY主要赋存于有机质中,少量赋存于硅酸盐矿物中,碳酸盐、磷酸盐、单硫化物和双硫化物也可能是部分REY的赋存载体。逐级化学提取实验过程中HCl所提取的异常高比例的REY可能主要来自于有机质。

组成对钠铝硅玻璃中钇锆酸盐纳米晶析晶性能的影响

基于含Y2O_(3)和ZrO_(2)的钠铝硅玻璃体系,研究了玻璃组分中Al_(2)O_(3)/Na2O摩尔比值(MAN)与SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)摩尔比值(MSA)对玻璃析晶性能的影响。研究结果表明,当MAN<1时,玻璃经热处理后表面析出钠霞石晶体;当MAN≥1时,玻璃热处理后析出钇锆酸盐纳米晶体,且此时微晶玻璃仍然具有不小于90%的高可见光透过率。对于固定MAN的玻璃,调整其MSA也能实现钇锆酸盐纳米晶的析出,且析出晶体尺寸随MSA增加而减小。随着热处理温度升高微晶玻璃样品中纳米晶体尺寸增大,维氏硬度也增大。

氧化锆增强铝基复合材料的制备及性能研究

铝合金由于其强度高、质量轻、价格低等多重优势,在汽车制造、航空航天、水下装备等各个领域都极具应用前景。利用机械搅拌铸造方法制备了不同质量分数纳米氧化钇稳定氧化锆(yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia,YSZ)的Al-YSZ复合材料,研究纳米YSZ质量分数对铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,添加的纳米YSZ均匀分布在Al基体中,不与Al基体发生反应。同时能够作为异质形核剂细化晶粒,并通过Orowan强化机制提升复合材料的力学性能。添加质量分数为8%的纳米YSZ的复合材料具有较好的强度和塑性。同时,在受到外力作用时,纳米YSZ会发生从四方到单斜的相变,并产生一定的体积膨胀,在吸收能量的同时改善了复合材料内部的晶格畸变,从而提高了铸态复合材料的塑性。

Er:YAG激光和传统车针去龋后牙本质粘接强度的比较

目的:比较使用不同模式Er:YAG激光以及传统车针去龋后牙本质与复合树脂的粘接强度。方法:选用人类离体磨牙模拟龋坏,分别采用Er:YAG激光中短脉冲(medium short pulse,MSP)模式、Er:YAG激光超短脉冲(super short pulse,SSP)模式和传统车针去除模拟的龋坏后,采用自酸蚀粘接剂将牙体标本与复合树脂粘接制成试件。使用万能试验机对试件进行拉伸试验,测得断裂负荷和粘接强度,并采用单因素方差分析和Tukey多重比较进行统计学分析。采用扫描电子显微镜观察3种不同去龋方式处理后的牙本质表面形态,以及涂布自酸蚀粘接剂并固化后试件的横截面形态。结果:使用Er:YAG激光MSP模式处理后牙本质与复合树脂的粘接强度最高,SSP模式处理后次之,传统车针处理后最低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。扫描电子显微镜图像显示,Er:YAG激光MSP模式处理后的牙本质表面较平坦,牙本质小管内几乎没有残屑;Er:YAG激光SSP模式处理后的牙本质表面呈现鳞片状,牙本质小管内可见少量碎屑;而传统车针处理后牙本质小管大部分处于被表面牙本质部分甚至完全遮盖的状态,牙本质小管内充满残屑。结论:使用Er:YAG激光去龋相比传统车针去龋可以获得较好的牙本质粘接强度,且对牙本质小管的处理深度和洁净度明显优于传统车针去龋,其中MSP模式更佳。

高性能YVO_(4)基稀土杂化发光材料的构建及其能量传递机制

采用溶剂热和离子交换两步实验法,以YVO_(4)为无机基质,2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(TTA)为有机配体,构建了具有核壳结构的YVO_(4)∶Eu^(3+)@YVO_(4)∶Eu^(3+)-TTA稀土杂化发光材料,研究了其高效的发光性能和内部的能量传递机制。结果表明,在621nm的监控波长下,YVO_(4)∶Eu^(3+)@YVO_(4)∶Eu^(3+)-TTA稀土杂化发光材料在280~420nm范围内有两个很强的吸收峰(即V-O峰和TTA特征吸收峰)。YVO_(4)基质通过交换作用能量传递,而TTA有机配体通过分子内能量传递,可将吸收的紫外光能量有效地传递给Eu^(3+),从而实现了Eu^(3+)更高效的可见光(红光)发射。

稀土金属Y掺杂锐钛矿TiO_(2)(101)表面的改性

为了掌握Y原子掺杂在锐钛矿TiO_(2)(101)表面的稳定吸附位置和电子结构变化,提高其表面光催化活性,本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算研究了Y原子掺杂在完美的、带有亚表层氧空位和带有表层氧空位的锐钛矿TiO_(2)(101)表面的结构稳定性和电子性能。结构优化和电荷密度结果表明,Y原子可以稳定吸附在三种不同的表面上。在完美表面吸附时,Y原子最稳定的吸附位置是两个三配位O原子之间的空位;与完美表面类似,在带有亚表层氧空位表面吸附时,Y原子最稳定吸附位置是与氧空位邻近的两个三配位O原子之间的空位;而在带有表层氧空位表面吸附时,Y原子则停留于氧空位邻近的四配位Ti原子位置上最稳定。电荷密度计算结果也表明Y原子与这三种表面结合非常稳固。电子态密度计算结果表明,在带有表层氧空位的锐钛矿TiO_(2)(101)表面引入Y原子会在费米面附近的带隙中引入缺陷态,带隙从1.67 eV降至1.44 eV,这有可能引起电子的分级跃迁,提高表面光催化能力。本文的研究为利用单原子Y掺杂提高TiO_(2)(101)表面光催化能力提供了理论支持。

锆钇废料制备氧化钇和磷酸锆吸附剂及其性能评价

钇稳定氧化锆是一种性能优异的材料,在其生产和使用过程中会产生大量切削边角料等固体废物,对其进行回收处理,有助于环境保护和资源有效利用。由于废料性质稳定,将其回收和转化为有价值的产品成为资源有效利用的关键。研究提出将锆钇废料转为氢氧化锆和草酸钇中间体,并进一步转化为磷酸锆和氧化钇吸附剂,增加锆钇废料资源化新路线。该合成路线以乙醇为分散助剂,氢氧化锆、草酸和磷酸二氢钠按物质的量为1∶2∶2比例混合,373 K反应6 h制得层状磷酸锆对钾离子的吸附容量为151.6 mg/g,可将模拟高钾血清中的钾浓度降至人体正常水平(4.51 mmol/L)且不损失过多的钠离子。以草酸钇氨水合物煅烧得到的氧化钇,可作为硫酸根的高效吸附剂。研究结果显示,在1073 K煅烧草酸钇氨水合物得到的氧化钇,在添加量为10 g/L、强酸性溶液的条件下,可保持98.6%的硫酸根去除率。硫酸根离子被氧化钇吸附的过程遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型,属于单分子层吸附,其准二级动力学常数为2.03×10^(-3) g/(min·mg),属于化学吸附。

新型核反应堆用氢化钇慢化材料关键性能概述

由于各种功能灵活、安全高效的多用途反应堆技术的快速推进,以高温高压水为中子慢化材料的传统方案已不能满足新型反应堆对高温和结构紧凑的设计要求。金属氢化物,尤其是氢化锆和氢化钇,具有适用温度更高、体积更小、使堆芯布置更灵活等优点。同时金属氢化物与纯水和液态氢气相比具有同等甚至更高的氢原子浓度,其慢化性能更优越。因此,成为高温慢化材料的重点研发对象。本文概述了氢化钇的关键性能,同时与氢化锆进行了简要对比。相比氢化锆,氢化钇具有高温稳定性好、导热性高、热膨胀率不存在相变和适用的温度更高的优点,可满足高温的堆芯设计要求,在新型紧凑型反应堆技术中表现出较大的应用潜力。

优化钇-90轫致辐射SPECT显像能窗:体外实验研究

目的观察中能通用(MEGP)准直器不同能窗对钇90(^(90)Y)轫致辐射SPECT图像质量的影响,遴选最佳显像能窗。方法获取^(90)Y轫致辐射能谱,比较MEGP准直器不同能窗下图像灵敏度、源感兴趣区计数/视野内总计数百分比(S/FOV%)及信号/背景比(S/B)。结果所获^(90)Y轫致辐射能谱呈连续曲线,MEGP准直器下能峰为76.2 keV。MEGP准直器显像清晰。以10%、20%窗宽显示图像的S/FOV%与S/B差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而后者灵敏度更高(P<0.05)。70~90 keV图像灵敏度较高而S/FOV%及S/B有所下降;40~60 keV图像S/FOV%、S/B均较高而灵敏度较低;100 keV±20%能窗图像灵敏度、S/FOV%及S/B均较高,分别为69.73%、0.62和1.64。结论以MEGP准直器行^(90)Y轫致辐射显像时,20%窗宽图像质量优于10%窗宽;100 keV±20%图像灵敏度较高且S/FOV%及S/B无明显降低。

钇-90树脂微球选择性内放射治疗后切除肝右叶巨块型肝癌1例

1临床资料患者男,48岁,因“右侧腹痛2年余”入院。入院查体:腹部未扪及包块,肝Murphy征(-)。肝浊音界存在,无肝区和脾区叩击痛,移动性浊音阴性。实验室检查:甲胎蛋白(AFP)66840 ng/m L,白蛋白(ALB)39.7 g/L,乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)阴性,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)69 U/L,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)88 U/L,总胆红素(TBil)23.9μmol/L,余无异常。

玉米秸秆生物炭负载羟基磷灰石对稀土钇的吸附特性研究

钇作为高丰度稀土元素,广泛应用于各领域。在离子型稀土开采过程中,稀土母液会扩散至矿区周边水体,造成稀土资源浪费。为找寻高效吸附稀土钇的材料,本研究选用玉米秸秆烧制生物炭(BC),并负载羟基磷灰石制备生物炭复合材料(HAP@BC)。利用SEM、XRD和FTIR对HAP@BC进行表征,单因素吸附实验考察初始Y^(3+)浓度、生物炭投加量、pH、转速及吸附温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,吸附等温线分析其吸附特性,解吸实验考察其循环利用性能。结果表明,相比BC,HAP@BC的吸附量提升了3倍,pH为4.0时有最大吸附量为333.83 mg/g。吸附过程符合Langmuir单分子层吸附模型,且HAP@BC具有良好的循环利用性能,是一种潜在的Y^(3+)高效吸附剂。

基于高温HF/H_(2)法的YF_(3)∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)上转换发光性能增强研究

近年来,稀土材料因其独特的上转换光致发光特性备受关注。采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂Yb^(3+)和Er^(3+)的YF_(3)上转换发光材料。为了提高晶体结晶度和消除氧杂质的影响,采用500℃高温和HF/H_(2)气氛进行脱水除氧处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氧分析仪、红外吸收光谱和荧光光谱等手段进行全面表征。结果表明:经过HF/H_(2)气氛高温脱氧处理的样品具有更高的结晶度和更优异的发光性能,表现出更高的量子产率。揭示了氧杂质对YF_(3)∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)上转换发光材料性能的负面影响,而采用高温HF/H_(2)气氛处理是提高发光性能的有效途径,为类似发光材料的研究提供了新思路。

Study on the Acute Toxicity of Rare Earth Yttrium to Earthworms under the Stress of Leaching Agent Ammonium Sulfate

This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of rare earth ion yttrium under the stress of leaching agent ammonium sulfate （NH4）2SO4. [Method] By using earthworms as indicator organisms of environmental pol ution, acute toxic ef-fects of rare earth yttrium on earthworms under the stress of ammonium sulfate were investigated with filter paper contact method. [Result] Under single stress of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=213.41 mg/L and LC50=322.63 mg/L, respectively. ② Under single stress of ammonium sul-fate, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 h and 24 h was LC50=13.89 g/L and LC50=15.05 g/L, respectively. ③ In combined treatment of low concentration （10 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal con-centration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=198.65 g/L and LC50=399.85 g/L, respective-ly; in combined treatment of middle concentration （14 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 and 24 h was LC50=167.3 mg/L and LC50=256.73 mg/L, respectively; in combined treatment of high concentration （20 g/L） of ammonium sulfate and different doses of rare earth yttrium, the semi-lethal concentration after 48 h and 24 h was LC50=31.03 mg/L and LC50=127.65 mg/L, respectively. [Conclusion] Low concentration of ammonium sulfate could reduce the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms and produce certain antagonism against rare earth yttrium; middle concentration ammonium sulfate in-creased the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms and produced relatively sig-nificant synergistic effects; high concentration ammonium sulfate significantly in-creased the toxicity of rare earth yttrium to earthworms. Compared with ammonium sulfate, dead earthworms exposed to rare earth yttrium were more easily fractured, and living earthworms showed insensitive response to acupuncture.

Fabrication of SiC fibres from yttrium-containing polycarbosilane

The yttrium as a sintering aid was introduced into polycarbosilane（PCS） to prepare yttrium-containing PCS（PYCS）.Two types of yttrium-containing SiC fibres,the SiC（OY） fibres and the SiC（Y） fibres,were fabricated with PYCS.The structural evolution and the associated properties on changing from SiC（OY） to SiC（Y） fibres during the sintering process were studied.The chemical composition of the SiC（OY） fibres is SiC1.53O0.22Y0.005 with an amorphous structure.The composition of SiC（Y） fibres is SiC1.23O0.05Y0.005.The fibres are composed of a large number of β-SiC crystallites with a size of 50 nm and a small amount of α-SiC crystalline.The tensile strength and fracture toughness of the SiC（OY） fibres are 2.25 GPa and 2.37 MPa·m1/2,respectively,and 1.61 GPa,1.91 MPa·m1/2,respectively for SiC（Y） fibres.The SiC（Y） fibres have a higher thermal stability than the SiC（OY） fibres.

氟化钇对粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷合成及性能的影响

本文以粉煤灰、滑石、氧化铝和氧化镁为原料,加入质量分数为0%、0.5%和1.0%的氟化钇,通过高温烧结制备了粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷样品,研究了氟化钇掺量对样品的物相组成、显微结构及主要性能的影响。结果表明,氟化钇的引入可降低堇青石的生成温度,提高堇青石的物相转化率,显著改善材料的力学性能,同时对热学性能亦有一定积极影响。当氟化钇添加量为0.5%时,样品的综合性能最优。当烧结温度为1300℃时,XRD未见明显杂质峰,样品的体积密度为2.15 g/cm^(3),开孔孔隙率为7.49%,吸水率为3.49%,压缩强度为252.27 MPa,经5次热震试验后压缩强度仍然高至204.65 MPa,比热容为0.770~0.931 J/(g·℃)(25~150℃),热膨胀系数为2.54×10^(-6)℃^(-1)(100~800℃)。与不含添加剂的样品相比,添加0.5%氟化钇样品的体积密度增加了5.2%,开孔孔隙率降低了58.6%,吸水率降低了60.6%,而压缩强度增加了4.6倍,比热容增强而热膨胀系数降低。在粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷的烧结过程中,氟化钇的引入可使其在较低的温度下形成液相,提高元素迁移率,促进晶粒发育完全且具有细化晶粒的明显效果。氟化钇作为一种有效的烧结助剂,微量的添加即可显著改善粉煤灰基堇青石陶瓷的综合性能。本工作拓宽了高效烧结助剂选择范围,可为高质量陶瓷材料的高温烧结提供一定参考。

Equilibrium analysis of solvent extraction of yttrium (Ⅲ) and europium (Ⅲ) from hydrochloric acid with P_(507)

For the accurate prediction of equilibrium distribution ratios of rare earth metals during solvent extraction under non-ideal conditions, the extraction equilibria of yttrium （Ⅲ） and europium （Ⅲ） from the hydrochloric acid solutions with P507 in Shellsol D70 were studied. A chemically-based model was established and the extraction equilibrium constants were determined by the nonlinear least squares method. The proposed model involves the cation exchange reaction and the solvation extraction in the low and high acidity regions, respectively. In the model, the nonideality of the aqueous phase and was corrected by considering the complexation of the metals with Cl- and by replacing with its effective concentration, respectively. This model was verified by fair agreement between the calculated metal distribution ratios and those experimentally obtained in the single metal systems. The feed concentrations for the systems are in wide ranges of the metal （up to 0.1 mol/L）, hydrochloric acid （0.07-3.00 mol/L） and the extractant （0.25-1.00 mol/L）. The model enables the engineering prediction of the equilibrium distribution ratios with good accuracy in a binary metal system.