A New Zero-Voltage-Switching Push-Pull Converter

A soft switching three-transistor push-pull(TTPP)converter is proposed in this paper. The 3rd transistor is inserted in the primary side of a traditional push-pull converter. Two primitive transistors can achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) easily under a wide load range, the 3rd transistor can also realize zero-voltage-switching assisted by leakage inductance. The rated voltage of the 3rd transistor is half of that of the main transistors. The operation theory is explained in detail. The soft-switching realization conditions are derived. An 800 W with 83.3 kHz switching frequency prototype has been built. The experimental result is provided to verify the analysis.

Event-Triggered Zero-Gradient-Sum Distributed Algorithm for Convex Optimization with Time-Varying Communication Delays and Switching Directed Topologies

Nowadays, distributed optimization algorithms are widely used in various complex networks. In order to expand the theory of distributed optimization algorithms in the direction of directed graph, the distributed convex optimization problem with time-varying delays and switching topologies in the case of directed graph topology is studied. The event-triggered communication mechanism is adopted, that is, the communication between agents is determined by the trigger conditions, and the information exchange is carried out only when the conditions are met. Compared with continuous communication, this greatly saves network resources and reduces communication cost. Using Lyapunov-Krasovskii function method and inequality analysis, a new sufficient condition is proposed to ensure that the agent state finally reaches the optimal state. The upper bound of the maximum allowable delay is given. In addition, Zeno behavior will be proved not to exist during the operation of the algorithm. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the correctness of the results in this paper.

ANALYSIS OF ZERO-VOLTAGE QUASI-RESONANT BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER

The zero-voltage quasi-resonant boost switching DC-DC converter has been inves-tigated by using the time averaging equivalent circuit approach of periodically switching linearnetworks.The DC steady state and AC small signal characteristics of the converter are also given.

Effect of Switching Devices on Power Quality and Transient Voltage Suppression Using Capacitor Bank Model

The main purpose of the electrical power system is to transport and distribute energy generated by the central power plants in a safe and reliable manner to the customer premises. Most of the electrical equipment is exposed within the open which suggests they can be vulnerable to lightning strikes, road dwindling, windstorms, and a few engineering activities with the potential of causing different degrees of damage to the electrical equipment. One of the ways to guard the equipment is to deploy switching devices. However, the operations of most of these switching devices produce oscillatory transient in the electrical transmission and distribution systems which result in voltage, current, and frequency fluctuations in the load. This paper investigates the effect of switching devices on power quality and proposes a positive sequence voltage power transient suppression technique that can spontaneously improve the distorted voltage at the instant of capacitor switching using the capacitor line model as a case study. MATLAB/Simulink software was utilized for the analysis on an electrical network model with bus voltages of 69 kV/12.47 kV and 480 V. The results showed that, during switching operations, the positive sequence voltage power detector block produces ripple-free accurate results.

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTATION OF THE ARC WELDING INVERTER USING THE SOFT SWITCHING TECHNIQUE

The FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter is realized by the way of subjoiningblock-capacitor into the FB-ZVS-PWM converter. At the freewheeling interval, the primary current isattenuated fast to zero and maintained. And then, power device of the static leg becomes azero-current-switch (ZCS), power device of the shifted leg becomes a zero-voltage-switch(ZVS). Thus,on one hand IGBT (Insulated gate bipolar transistor) with tail current can be easily used infull-bridge soft-switching converter; on the other hand additional circuiting energy is greatlyreduced. At the same time, less duty cycle loss, lower secondary parasitic resonance, widersoft-switching load range can be achieved. Based on the existing component models in the Pspicesoftware package, a combined model of IGBT is established, in which a non-linear capacitor isintroduced to replace the parasitic capacitor. Using this model, computerized simulation isconducted for the FB-ZVZCS-PWM soft-switching converter, the switching and energy-transferringcharacteristics of the power device are analyzed. Finally, based on the achievement above, a 10 kWarc welding inverter with FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter is developed. The simulation results are testifiedby experiments. It is proved that by adopting appropriate models, computerized simulation is aneffective and useful tool for the development of the arc welding inverter.

Current–Voltage Characteristics of the Aziridine-Based Nano-Molecular Wires: a Light-Driven Molecular Switch

Using nonequilibrium Green＇s function formalism combined first-principles density functional theory, we analyze the transport properties of a 4,4-dimethyl-6-（4-nitrophenyl）-2-phenyl-3,5-diaza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene molecular optical switch. The title molecule can convert between closed and open forms by visible or ultraviolet irradiation. The I-V characteristics, differential conductance, on-off ratio, electronic transmission coefficients, spatial distribution of molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian orbitals, HOMO-LUMO gaps, effect of electrode materials Y（111）（Y =Au, Ag and Pt） on electronic transport and different molecular geometries corresponding to the closed and open forms through the molecular device are discussed in detail. Based on the results, as soon as possible the open form translates to the closed form, and there is a switch from the ON state to the OFF state（low resistance switches to high resistance）. Theoretical results show that the donor/acceptor substituent plays an important role in the electronic transport of molecular devices. The switching performance can be improved to some extent through suitable donor and acceptor substituents.

Principle and parameter design of arc welding inverter using soft switching technique

The soft switching are welding inverter reduces switching losses and improves operating environment of devices by using Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) technique. Step-by-step analysis of each timing interval and the associating voltage and current waveforms are included for the Full-Bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM converter. Numerous design equations supporting the phase-shifted soft switching technique are highlighted.

Investigation of Dispersion Compensation in 2.5 Gbit/s OOK Label and 40 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK Payload Optical Label Switching System Based on Optical Carrier Suppression and Separation

Three dispersion compensation schemes of an optical label switching transmission system were investigated,which employs 40 Gbit/s return zero differential phase-shift keying(RZ-DPSK) payload labeled with 2.5 Gbit/s on-off keying(OOK) signal based on the optical carrier suppression and separation(OCSS) technique.In the system,proposed are the receiver sensitivity of payload and label,achieving-32.4 dBm and-38.5 dBm,respectively.Using the optimal dispersion compensation scheme,after transmitted over 160 km and 320 km SMF respectively,the label can be recovered without power penalty,while the payload can be recovered with less than 2 dB and 5 dB penalty,respectively.

适配变压器全档位切换暂态分析的有载分接开关电路模型构建

有载分接开关(on-loadtap-changer,OLTC)是换流变压器的核心组件,其可靠切换过程关乎换流变的安全。然而目前国内在运特高压换流变用OLTC完全依赖进口,仿真获取OLTC不同运行状态的暂态特性数据是支撑OLTC关键电气参数设计与国产化制造的基础。经典的OLTC模型仅改变变压器变比或仅模拟单级档位切换过程,难以满足全档位电压调整与各级档位暂态特性数据同步获取的需求,导致OLTC设计优化、参数选型及故障分析缺乏足够的仿真数据支持。该文首先以真空OLTC为研究对象建立切换开关和极性开关等效电路模型,根据OLTC复杂的调压功能建立分层控制系统。其次,在PSCAD中搭建交流仿真系统,获取有载调压过程的暂态特性数据波形,与解析计算得到的电压和电流相比误差小于0.2%,证明该模型满足OLTC电磁暂态仿真研究的精度要求。最后,开展循环调压仿真,获得负载电压数据与波形。结果表明:该文提出的OLTC模型能够接收外部控制信号,进行全档位调压与极性转换仿真分析,能够为OLTC的调压研究、故障溯源分析和过渡电阻设计选型等提供基础模型。

基于谐振变换器的串联储能单元均压控制策略

储能系统中通常通过串联多个储能单体得到更高的电压,但由于每个储能单体电压的不一致性会降低储能单元的利用率。针对以上问题,提出一种基于谐振变换器的串联储能单元均压控制策略。该均衡电路通过开关阵列与谐振变换器相互配合,实现任意单体之间和任意多单体之间的能量传递,且这两种能量传递模式均实现了零电流开关,减少了电路损耗。为获得最优均衡速度和均衡效率,采用K-Means聚类复合控制策略,优先对分组单元进行均衡,然后再进行单体间的均衡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink平台上对6个串联储能单体进行均衡仿真实验,实验结果表明,在静置均衡实验下,电压在24 min左右达到均衡,且均衡精度达到5 mV,均衡效率达到98.98%。与传统均压方法相比,该方法具有更快的均衡速度和更高的均衡效率。

一种低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器

提出了一种应用于新能源发电系统的低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器。在传统交错Boost变换器基础上,该变换器通过引入耦合电感和二极管、电容升压单元提高电压增益,耦合电感在整个开关周期过程中都传递能量,提高了磁芯利用率。输入侧工作在交错模式,两相电感电流纹波可以相互抵消,从而获得较低的输入电流纹波。由于耦合电感自身漏感的存在,减轻了整流二极管反向恢复问题,同时采用有源钳位电路回收利用漏感能量,实现了所有开关管零电压软开关,抑制了开关管关断电压尖峰,提高了变换器转换效率。详细分析了变换器的工作原理、电路特性以及软开关实现方法。最后,搭建了一台200 W的试验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。

并联IGBT占空比的温度特性建模与分析

并联IGBT是解决托卡马克(Tokamak)装置中等离子体垂直位移快速控制电源容量逐渐增大问题的有效途径。而并联IGBT之间的结温平衡是并联系统安全稳定运行的关键因素之一。因此,研究结温对并联IGBT功率损耗差异的影响对提高并联系统的稳定性至关重要。然而现有的研究成果主要集中在单个器件损耗模型或者是并联IGBT的最佳工作频率范围而未涉及对并联IGBT最佳工作占空比范围的讨论。研究发现,当IGBT工作在正温度系数区间时,结温差异造成的通态损耗差异与开关损耗差异呈不同的温度特性。因此,提出零温度-占空比的概念来估计并联IGBT之间结温失配趋势。该文建立零温度-占空比模型,并以此来分析电路设计参数、IGBT器件参数以及结温差异对并联IGBT最佳工作占空比范围的影响。实验结果表明,通过零温度-占空比模型可以对并联IGBT的可靠性、电路设计参数以及器件选型提供可行的参考。

基于变频重构S/SP拓扑的无线电能传输系统恒流恒压研究

针对电动汽车无线充电系统耦合系数和负载变化导致系统输出电流和电压剧烈波动的问题,提出一种由交错叠放式线圈结构和变频重构控制策略组成的无线电能传输系统,通过重构补偿拓扑,并切换工作频率,实现了系统的恒流恒压输出。首先,分析了拓扑重构前后系统的恒流、恒压输出特性和零相角特性,对比恒流恒压工作模式下补偿电容的大小,给出了系统参数调整方法。其次,剖析了交错叠放式线圈结构模型,提出基于耦合系数波动最小原则的线圈结构优化策略。所提出的系统补偿元件较少,两个工作频率点符合国际标准。最后,搭建一套500 W的实验样机,验证系统的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明,交错叠放式线圈在X轴方向偏移发射线圈外径的55%(187mm)或Y轴方向偏移120mm时,耦合系数波动率小于5%。系统在恒流模式下电流波动率为3.58%,在恒压模式下电压波动率为4.83%,满足无线充电系统恒流恒压需求。

限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC变换器

频率控制的传统LLC谐振变换器往往受限于开关频率的有效调节范围,难以实现宽输出电压范围,为此,研究了一种限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC谐振变换器。采用双谐振腔且对应两变压器变比不同的不对称结构,能够根据原边开关组合的不同,使得双谐振腔分别工作在单半桥、双半桥和半桥+全桥3种不同的模式,从而获得3种不同的电压增益,并且保证每种模式之间归一化增益调节范围不超过1.5,可以在窄开关频率范围内实现宽输出电压范围。建立300 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器可实现1~3倍的宽输出电压范围,并且实现了原边开关管的零电压开通和副边二极管的零电流关断,具有良好的软开关性能,验证了变换器的可行性。

一种两倍升压五电平开关电容逆变器

开关电容型逆变器具有使用单直流电源输入、电容电压自均衡、输出谐波含量低以及高电压增益的优势。本文提出一种新型五电平逆变器拓扑,该拓扑由1个直流电源、2个浮动电容、1个电感以及4对互补开关管构成;采用多载波层叠调制策略实现开关电容与输入电源的分时串并联运行;实现了2倍电压增益、五电平输出以及电容电压自均衡;通过增加电感抑制了开关电容充电时存在的脉冲电流,降低了开关管的电流应力。此外,逆变电路中没有单独二极管器件,使得该电路具有能量双向流动的能力,扩展了电路的应用范围。本文详细分析了电路的构成及工作过程,仿真及实验结果验证了所提出的逆变器具有可行性。

基于频率切换实现恒流/恒压输出的电场耦合无线电能传输系统

电场耦合无线电能传输(electric-field coupled wireless power transfer,EC-WPT)技术的实际应用中,有些用电设备需要系统具有不同的恒定输出特性(恒流/恒压),即系统输出电压或输出电流与负载解耦,此外,系统还需具备在恒流、恒压模式间按需切换的功能。针对该需求,基于LC-CLC谐振网络提出1种具有恒流/恒压输出特性的EC-WPT系统,分析LC-CLC谐振网络特性,推导恒流/恒压输出特性的实现条件以及恒流频率和恒压频率的计算方法,并给出系统参数设计方法,分析系统对工作频率的敏感性。最后通过仿真和实验验证所提出的EC-WPT系统恒流/恒压输出特性及其参数设计方法的正确性和有效性。实验结果表明所提出的系统在输入电压恒定的不同负载工况下分别实现2 A的恒流输出以及96 V的恒压输出,其最大传输效率分别为87.83%及88.17%。

基于LC谐振单元的多回路开关电容型均衡电路

传统的串并联开关电容型均衡电路在工作过程中会产生影响电路可靠性的冲击电流,为了改善该问题对电路性能的影响,同时提升电路的均衡速度,提出一种基于LC谐振单元的多回路开关电容型均衡电路。电路的LC谐振单元由均衡电容串联电感元件组成,所有开关器件均工作在零电流开关模式下,这将有效降低开关损耗,并有效抑制电路中的冲击电流,从而延长开关器件的使用寿命,提高电路的可靠性。所提出的均衡电路采用两个LC谐振单元作为储能元件组的组间均衡支路,可以同时实现储能元件单体与单体之间以及储能元件组与组之间的均衡,在保证均衡精度的同时,有效地提升电路均衡的速度。详细地分析了电路的特点与工作原理,通过搭建仿真平台,将所提出电路与现有的同类型均衡电路对比,验证了所提出均衡电路对均衡速度的提升作用。搭建了五个串联超级电容的实验平台,实验结果表明,所提出的电路可以提升55.85%的均衡速度,并且对冲击电流有显著的抑制作用。