Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.

Robust Iterative Learning Controller for the Non-zero Initial Error Problem on Robot Manipulator

Industrial robot system is a kind of dynamic system w ith strong nonlinear coupling and high position precision. A lot of control ways , such as nonlinear feedbackdecomposition motion and adaptive control and so o n, have been used to control this kind of system, but there are some deficiencie s in those methods: some need accurate and some need complicated operation and e tc. In recent years, in need of controlling the industrial robots, aiming at com pletely tracking the ideal input for the controlled subject with repetitive character, a new research area, ILC (iterative learning control), has been devel oped in the control technology and theory. The iterative learning control method can make the controlled subject operate as desired in a definite time span, merely making use of the prior control experie nce of the system and searching for the desired control signal according to the practical and desired output signal. The process of searching is equal to that o f learning, during which we only need to measure the output signal to amend the control signal, not like the adaptive control strategy, which on line assesses t he complex parameters of the system. Besides, since the iterative learning contr ol relies little on the prior message of the subject, it has been well used in a lot of areas, especially the dynamic systems with strong non-linear coupling a nd high repetitive position precision and the control system with batch producti on. Since robot manipulator has the above-mentioned character, ILC can be very well used in robot manipulator. In the ILC, since the operation always begins with a certain initial state, init ial condition has been required in almost all convergence verification. Therefor e, in designing the controller, the initial state has to be restricted with some condition to guarantee the convergence of the algorithm. The settle of initial condition problem has long been pursued in the ILC. There are commonly two kinds of initial condition problems: one is zero initial error problem, another is non-zero initial error problem. In practice, the repe titive operation will invariably produce excursion of the iterative initial stat e from the desired initial state. As a result, the research on the second in itial problem has more practical meaning. In this paper, for the non-zero initial error problem, one novel robust ILC alg orithms, respectively combining PD type iterative learning control algorithm wit h the robust feedback control algorithm, has been presented. This novel robust ILC algorithm contain two parts: feedforward ILC algorithm and robust feedback algorithm, which can be used to restrain disturbance from param eter variation, mechanical nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics and to achieve good performance as well. The feedforward ILC algorithm can be used to improve the tracking error and perf ormance of the system through iteratively learning from the previous operation, thus performing the tracking task very fast. The robust feedback algorithm could mainly be applied to make the real output of the system not deviate too much fr om the desired tracking trajectory, and guarantee the system’s robustness w hen there are exterior noises and variations of the system parameter. In this paper, in order to analyze the convergence of the algorithm, Lyapunov st ability theory has been used through properly selecting the Lyapunov function. T he result of the verification shows the feasibility of the novel robust iterativ e learning control in theory. Finally, aiming at the two-freedom rate robot, simulation has been made with th e MATLAB software. Furthermore, two groups of parameters are selected to validat e the robustness of the algorithm.

Adaptive Zero Phase Error Feedforward Method for Robotic Force Control

In order to remove the time delay between the input and the output signals of a robot force control system,adaptive zero phase error feedforward(AZPEF)control method is presented and applied to PUMA 560 industrial robot,which has six degree of freedom(6-DOF).The whole adaptive force control algorithm is implemented on TMS320C30 micro-processor whose instruction cycle is 60ns.The results of the force control experiments prove that AZPEF force control makes robot have good robustness and quick response ability.

Zero phase error control based on neural compensation for flight simulator servo system

Using the future desired input value, zero phase error controller enables the overall system＇s frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a small gain error at low frequency range, and based on this, a new algorithm is presented to design the feedforward controller. However, zero phase error controller is only suitable for certain linear system. To reduce the tracking error and improve robustness, the design of the proposed feedforward controller uses a neural compensation based on diagonal recurrent neural network. Simulation and real-time control results for flight simulator servo system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Functional Sustainability of a Flight Dynamics Control System for Stable Hovering Flight of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),such as in Agricultural Applications:Mathematical Modeling and Simulation

The simulation of a control system for the longitudinal axis of the rotary or fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)is demonstrated in this study.The control unit includes design considerations of two controllers to provide robust stability,tracking of the proposed linear dynamics,an adequate set of proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller gains,and a minimal cost function.The PID control and linear quadratic regulator(LQR)with or without full-state-observer were evaluated.An optimal control system is assumed to provide fast rise and settling time,minimize overshoot,and eliminate the steady-state error.The effectiveness of this approach was verified by a linear model of the UAV aircraft in the semi-dynamic simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink,in which the open-loop system was assessed in terms of flight robustness and reference tracking.The experimental results show that the proposed controllers effectively improve the configuration of the control system of the plant,maintain the sustainability of the dynamic flight model stability,and diminish the flight controller errors.The LQR provides robust stability,but it is not optimal in the transient phase of particular plant output.The PID control system can adjust the controller’s gains for optimal hovering(or stable slow flight)and is especially useful for the tracking system.Finally,comparing aircraft stability using PID and LQR controllers shows that the latter has less overshoot and a shorter settling time;in addition,all proposed controllers can be practically deployed as one UAV’s system,which can be handled as an exemplary model of the UAV flight management system.

太阳能光伏发电并网逆变器控制技术的应用

该文阐述光伏发电并网逆变器的控制方法,而后提出基于正弦波脉宽调制逆变技术的并网逆变器控制策略。该文旨在合理化解太阳能利用效率低下的问题,探寻出最佳的逆变器控制方法,实现零静态误差运行,并提升逆变器运行稳定性,从而将太阳能资源有效转化成为电能。

400 Hz中频电源波形多重比例谐振控制策略

针对比例积分(PI)控制器难以实现输出电压无静差控制及低次谐波抑制困难等问题,提出一种单电压环多重比例谐振(PR)控制策略。分析了PR控制器的特性,给出了PR参数的设计方法,通过MATLAB进行了仿真验证,并在2 kVA样机上进行了实验验证。结果表明,所提策略可实现特定谐波的完全消除,输出电压波形总谐波失真小于1%,具有良好的稳态和动态性能。

Fuzzy logic controller design with unevenly-distributed membership function for high performance chamber cooling system

Fuzzy logic controller adopting unevenly-distributed membership function was presented with the purpose of enhancing performance of the temperature control precision and robustness for the chamber cooling system.Histogram equalization and noise detection were performed to modify the evenly-distributed membership functions of error and error change rate into unevenly-distributed membership functions.Then,the experimental results with evenly and unevenly distributed membership functions were compared under the same outside environment conditions.The experimental results show that the steady-state error is reduced around 40% and the noise disturbance is rejected successfully even though noise range is 60% of the control precision range.The control precision is improved by reducing the steady-state error and the robustness is enhanced by rejecting noise disturbance through the fuzzy logic controller with unevenly-distributed membership function.Moreover,the system energy efficiency and lifetime of electronic expansion valve(EEV) installed in chamber cooling system are improved by adopting the unevenly-distributed membership function.

Modified PI Controller with Improved Steady-State Performance and Comparison with PR Controller on Direct Matrix Converters

This paper proposes a modified proportional-integral(PI)controller and compares it with a proportional-resonant(PR)controller.These controllers are tested on a three-phase direct matrix converter(MC).The modified PI controller involves current feedforward together with space vector modulation(SVM)to control the MC output currents.This controller provides extra control flexibility in terms of the current error reduction,and it gives improved steady-state tracking performance.When the coefficient of current feedforward is equal to the load resistor(K=R),the steady-state error is effectively minimized even when regulating sinusoidal variables.The total harmonic distortion is also reduced.In order to comparatively evaluate the modified PI controller,a PR controller is designed and tested.Both the modified PI and PR controllers are implemented in the natural frame(abc)in a straightforward manner.This removes the coordinate transformations that are required in the stationary(αβ)and synchronous(dq)reference frame based control strategies.In addition,both controllers can handle the unbalanced conditions.The experimental and simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controllers.

基于dSPACE的单相并网逆变器控制策略研究

针对电压畸变导致并网电流谐波含量较高的问题,文中提出准比例谐振控制与电压前馈相结合的控制策略。结合准比例谐振控制器在谐振频率处增益无穷大的特点,减小并网电流稳态误差,并引入电压前馈消除电压对系统影响,达到了改善并网电流质量的目的。文中分析了单相并网逆变器数学模型,通过闭环控制来抑制因电压畸变产生的并网电流谐波分量,同时采用控制变量法设定准比例谐振控制器参数,分析准比例谐振控制器参数对系统性能的影响。最后建立MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型并搭建dSPACE-DS1104半实物仿真平台,通过不同策略下的仿真与实验验证了所提策略的有效性。

单相三电平PFC电流的DQ解耦控制策略

针对单相三电平功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)电路在传统PI控制器作用下存在输入电流动态响应差,且输出电压存在二次纹波进而导致输入电流产生三次谐波,使得电流稳定性降低的问题,提出单相三电平PFC电流DQ解耦的控制方式。根据输入电流构建虚拟Q轴分量,通过2个正交量建立旋转坐标系对输入电流实现无静差控制;引入陷波滤波器滤除输出电压中二次纹波,提升控制带宽的同时进一步提高输出电压动态响应;最终通过仿真验证单相三电平PFC电路在DQ解耦控制方式下降低输入电流谐波的同时又提高系统动态响应。

零电压谐振控制器电路设计

为提升DC/DC变换器的整体性能,满足现代电源应用对体积、性能、效率和重量的要求,经过原理上的论证,设计一种零电压谐振控制器。控制器电路采用商用4.0μm40V高精度双极工艺完成整体设计,电源电压的工作范围为12~20 V,并具有较为合理的工作频率范围和输出驱动短路脉冲电流。在芯片内部设计控制电路以及保护电路,并采用固定关断时间控制方式和双路互补输出结构,实现软开关功能。经仿真实验,结果表明此款零电压谐振控制器电路满足设计要求。

采用PI+重复控制的并网逆变器控制耦合机理及其抑制策略

对于并网逆变器系统而言,为了抑制并网电流谐波,提高稳态控制精度,常采用重复控制。单一的重复控制动态性能差,PI+重复控制由于动态性能好、稳态精度高而被广泛应用。然而,比例积分(proportional integral,PI)调节器和重复控制器之间存在控制耦合,在动态过程中使并网电流发生畸变。该文分析了控制耦合机理,提出一种基于改进型重复控制的并网逆变器控制方法,一方面利用零相位跟踪控制(zero phase error tracking control,ZPETC)改善了系统的动态性能;另一方面通过对指令信号的动态延迟处理,抑制了控制耦合。最后通过仿真和实验表明理论分析的正确性和控制策略的有效性。

直接驱动XY平台轮廓误差分析及法向交叉耦合控制

在直线电机直接驱动XY平台中,负载扰动、机械延迟以及两轴驱动系统参数不匹配等因素影响轮廓加工精度。采用H∞速度反馈控制、零相位误差跟踪控制(ZPETC)与法向交叉耦合控制相结合的策略对两轴的运动进行协调控制以提高轮廓加工精度,实现跟踪误差与轮廓误差的同时减小。H∞控制在速度环通过反馈作用消除负载扰动因素的影响,使系统具有较好的鲁棒性。ZPETC基于零、极点对消和相位对消提高系统跟踪精度。法向交叉耦合控制作用于两轴之间,将轮廓误差作为直接被控量进行实时补偿控制,有效地提高了轮廓精度并简化了控制器设计。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制系统具有较好的跟踪性、鲁棒性和轮廓精度。

高性能单相电压源逆变器的输出控制

提出了一种多环反馈加电流前馈的单相逆变器控制方案,该方案使单相逆变器在空载和负载情况下输出电压的幅值和相位均能完全跟踪正弦给定。文中介绍了该方案的理论依据,给出了参数计算方法,并搭建了一台40kVA的实验样机,实验结果验证了该方案的有效性。

单相逆变器并网控制技术研究

设计了一种具有零稳态误差的并网逆变器系统,系统控制器由比例调节器P和谐振调节器R组成。与传统的PI控制器比较,该比例谐振控制器(PR)在基波频率处增益无穷大,因此可以完全消除稳态误差。通过理论分析,系统中采用了一种更易实现的准谐振控制器,并给出控制器参数具体的设计方法。此外,为了消除电网电压畸变或扰动对逆变器输出电流的影响,系统中引入了电网电压前馈解耦控制,改善了系统输出电流的质量。理论分析和实验结果验证了系统具有较好的稳态性能和抗扰性能。

LCL并网逆变器改进型重复控制策略

对于采用"比例—积分(PI)+重复控制"的LCL并网逆变器控制系统进行了详细分析,并指出其动态性能仍有待进一步改善并且其补偿函数形式复杂,实现困难。结合零相位误差跟踪控制和干扰观测器,提出了一种改进型重复控制策略。一方面,利用零相位误差跟踪控制原理改善了重复控制系统的动态性能并且其补偿函数设计简单;另一方面利用干扰观测器克服了零相位误差跟踪控制参数依赖性强的缺点。最后,仿真和实验表明,与"PI+重复控制"相比较,所提控制策略在保证稳态控制精度的同时能够获得更好的动态性能,并且同样具有鲁棒性强的优点。

数控机床高速高加速进给下的跟随误差控制策略

针对数控机床在高速加工中,各进给轴的进给速度和进给加速度高、跟随误差难以控制、零件加工精度无法保证的问题,提出一种模态滤波器与零相差跟踪控制器的综合控制策略。首先通过零极点对消的原理,得到设置在速度环内的模态滤波器,对滚珠丝杠进给系统的一阶和二阶扭转振动模态进行抵消,消除这两阶模态对伺服带宽的限制以继续提高伺服带宽;然后通过对整个伺服进给系统的传递函数近似取逆,得到设置在位置环之前的零相差跟踪控制器,改善伺服进给系统的相位滞后,最终实现数控机床高速高加速进给下的跟随误差控制。仿真结果表明,当进给速度为30m/min、加速度为10m/s2时,与传统的PID控制策略相比,所提出的综合控制策略将跟随误差降低到原来的0.1%以下。

多同步旋转坐标系下指定次谐波电流控制

为提高有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的补偿性能和动态响应,提出一种基于多同步旋转坐标的谐波电流控制策略,采用通过与某指定次正序或负序谐波角速度同步的旋转坐标变换,将该指定次谐波变为直流量,实现指定次谐波的检测和PI控制,从而实现对某指定次谐波电流的无静差补偿。完整的谐波电流控制器由多个独立不同角速度的谐波电流控制器叠加组成。建立了APF在谐波旋转坐标系下的数学模型,提出一种简单的电流耦合解耦策略。对指定次谐波电流控制器进行分析,从理论上证明了与传统的电流环控制方法相比,指定次谐波控制可提高补偿精度,并利用零极点对消方法对控制器参数进行了设计。实验结果验证了所提控制策略的优越性。

PWM型DC/DC开关变换器非线性闭环控制策略的研究

融合了开关变换器脉动和非线性的特点 ,提出了积分函数控制新策略 ,实现了输出电压平均值的即时动态控制 ,即在电源电压与负载电流瞬态或持续扰动下 ,开关变换器直流输出电压的动态或稳态输出误差为零。以降压型开关变换器为例 ,计算机仿真和实验验证了新策略的优良特性。