Estimation of JONSWAP Spectral Parameters by Using Measured Wave Data

- This paper presents the method of determining JONSWAP spectrum by using measured wave data. If Hs, Tz and Tc are the measured significant wave height, average zero-up crossing wave period and average period between wave crests respectively and let y = T Z / TC; this paper provides equation to solve y fromf(y,y) = 0. From the solutions of this equation and by using LSM, the expression relating y as a function of y (for 2.54<y< 15.34 and 1.6 <y < 1,79) may be written as y -5546.721 - 9586.533y + 5568.168/- 1089/+ 2/, for other intervals the related formulas are also given. When y is known, the rest of parameters in JONSWAP spectrum can be obtained. In addition, this paper also provides alternatives for determining JONSWAP spectral parameters by using Hs, Tz and (, or Hs, Tz and S(w0) or other three given data. The JONSWAP spectra given in this paper satisfy the following formulas HS= 4.0 = 2 Tc = 2

ZERO DISSIPATION LIMIT OF THE COMPRESSIBLE HEAT-CONDUCTING NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SHOCK

The zero dissipation limit of the compressible heat-conducting Navier–Stokes equations in the presence of the shock is investigated. It is shown that when the heat conduction coefficient κ and the viscosity coefficient ε satisfy κ = O（ε）, κ/ε≥ c 〉 0, as ε→ 0 （see （1.3））, if the solution of the corresponding Euler equations is piecewise smooth with shock wave satisfying the Lax entropy condition, then there exists a smooth solution to the Navier–Stokes equations, which converges to the piecewise smooth shock solution of the Euler equations away from the shock discontinuity at a rate of ε. The proof is given by a combination of the energy estimates and the matched asymptotic analysis introduced in [3].

Robust Control Based on Feedback Linearization for Roll Stabilizing of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Under Wave Disturbances

In the case of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle （AUV） navigating with low speed near water surface, a new method for design of roll motion controller is proposed in order to restrain wave disturbance effectively and improve roll stabilizing performance. Robust control is applied, which is based on uncertain nonlinear horizontal motion model of AUV and the principle of zero speed fin stabilizer. Feedback linearization approach is used to transform the complex nonlinear system into a comparatively simple linear system. For parameter uncertainty of motion model, the controller is designed with mixed-sensitivity method based on H-infinity robust control theory. Simulation results show better robustness improved by this control method for roll stabilizing of AUV navigating near water surface.

A Comparative Study of the Statistical Distributions of Wave Heights

Distribution of wave heights and surface elevations of wind-driven waves are studied. Records of surface elevations obtained from both field observations and laboratory measurements are analyzed. Wave heights can be approximated by normal, two-parameter Weibull, and/or Rayleigh distribution. However, while the first two models may have almost equal probabilities to fit measured data quite satisfactorily, the Rayleigh distribution does not appear to be a good model for the majority of the cases studied. Surface elevations from field data are well described by the Gaussian model, but as with increasing wind speeds, water surface in a wind-wave flume deviates from normality, and the Edgeworth/s form of the type A Gram-Charlier series is then applied.

Estimation of Wind Wave Frequency Spectra by Use of the Arcsine Law

In the present study, the surface elevation of wind waves observed in laboratory and in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the estimation of the wind wave frequency spectrtm by use of the method of the arcsine law （MAL）. The traditional method uses the surface elevation to calculate the correlation and then estimate the frequency spectrum while the MAL, presented by Yu and l.an （1979）, uses the time sequence of zero-crossing points of surface elevation rather than directly the surface elevation to calculate the correlation. 66 sets of wind wave data obtained in laboratory and 420 sets of data observed in the Bohai Sea are adopted for the examination of the method introduced by Yu and Lan. Results show that the MAL can give reliable estimation of wind wave spectra. Correlation and form of spectra estimated by the MAL are similar to those estimated by the traditional method. The peak frequency and the spectral density in peak frequency by the MAL are close to those obtained by the traditional method.

ZERO DISSIPATION LIMIT TO A RIEMANN SOLUTION FOR THE COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES SYSTEM OF GENERAL GAS

For the general gas including ideal polytropic gas, we study the zero dissipation limit problem of the full 1-D compressible Navier-Stokes equations toward the superposition of contact discontinuity and two rarefaction waves. In the case of both smooth and Riemann initial data, we show that if the solutions to the corresponding Euler system consist of the composite wave of two rarefaction wave and contact discontinuity, then there exist solutions to Navier-Stokes equations which converge to the Riemman solutions away from the initial layer with a decay rate in any fixed time interval as the viscosity and the heat-conductivity coefficients tend to zero. The proof is based on scaling arguments, the construction of the approximate profiles and delicate energy estimates. Notice that we have no need to restrict the strengths of the contact discontinuity and rarefaction waves to be small.

What Is the Missing Dark Energy in a Nutshell and the Hawking-Hartle Quantum Wave Collapse

We reason that in quantum cosmology there are two kinds of energy. The first is the ordinary energy of the quantum particle which we can measure. The second is the dark energy of the quantum wave by quantum duality. Because measurement collapses the Hawking-Hartle quantum wave of the cosmos, dark energy cannot be detected or measured in any conventional manner. The quantitative results are confirmed using some exact solutions for the hydrogen atom. In particular the ordinary energy of the quantum particle is given by E(0) = (/2)(mc2) where is Hardy’s probability of quantum entanglement, =( - 1)/2 is the Hausdorff dimension of the zero measure thin Cantor set modeling the quantum particle, while the dark energy of the quantum wave is given by E(D) = (5/2)(mc2) where is the Hausdorff dimension of the positive measure thick empty Cantor set modeling the quantum wave and the factor five (5) is the Kaluza-Klein spacetime dimension to which the measure zero thin Cantor set D(0) = (0,) and the thick empty set D(-1) = (1,) must be lifted to give the five dimensional analogue sets namely and 5 needed for calculating the energy density E(0) and E(D) which together add to Einstein’s maximal total energy density E(total) = E(0) + E(D) = mc2 = E(Einstein). These results seem to be in complete agreement with the WMAP, supernova and recent Planck cosmic measurement as well as the 2005 quantum gravity experiments of V. V. Nesvizhersky and his associates. It also confirms the equivalence of wormhole solutions of Einstein’s equations and quantum entanglement by scaling the Planck scale.

DESIGN OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER CONVERTER FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER

Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs) are widely used in the radar and communications system as RF power amplifiers. A highly sophisticated power supply is required by TWT. In order to meet the severe requirements of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier(TWTA), a novel two-stage topology high voltage converter for TWTA is proposed.The converter is based on Zero-Voltage Switching and Zero-Current Switching(ZVS/ZCS) resonant techniques. The high voltage converter operation principles are investigated and major features of the converter are discussed. The power switching mode of ZVS/ZCS is obtained. The experimental results show that the converter has good soft switching characteristics. Compared to the conventional hard switched Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques, the high efficiency and low ripple of the converter for TWTA are realized. The efficiency of High Voltage Electronic Power Conditioners(HV-EPC) over 93.5% under the condition of 38~46 V input voltage and 260~300 W input power. The switching frequency of first-stage(preregulator) of HV-EPC is 89 k Hz and the switching frequency of second-stage(postregulator) is 44.5 k Hz. The highest output voltage of the HV-EPC is helix voltage which is about –6.8 kV. It is especially suitable for TWTA utilized in space satellite applications due to its high switching frequency and high power density.

新型准零刚度空气悬架系统的设计与分析

为提高商用汽车在低频外部激励环境下的隔振性能以及行驶平顺性,基于准零刚度理论,采用正负刚度并联的方式,将负刚度碟形弹簧组与正刚度空气弹簧相结合,设计一种新型准零刚度悬架系统。通过静力学特性分析,建立力位移和刚度位移表达式,得到系统达到准零刚度的参数条件;通过动力学特性分析,建立系统的二自由度模型和简谐力作用下的非线性运动微分方程,得到力传递率特性曲线并对其进行分析。结果表明新结构的低频隔振性能显著提升。基于刚度位移表达式建立2自由度1/4悬架模型,分别对准零刚度系统与传统系统的垂向加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷等平顺性指标的差异性进行分析,仿真结果表明,该准零刚度系统的平顺性改善效果亦优于传统结构。

Interaction of Streamwise and Wall-Normal Velocities in Combined Wave-Current Motion

The aim of this paper is to present an analytical expression for the streamwise velocity distribution in a non-uniform flow in the presence of waves; the correlation between the horizontal and vertical velocity components has been compreheusively examined. Different from previous researches which attributed the deviation of velocity from the classical log-law to the wave Reynolds stress, i.e. - ρ uv^- only, this study demonstrates that the momentum flux caused by mean velocities, i.e., u^- and v^-, is also responsible for the velocity deviation, and it is found that the streamwise velocity for a flow in the presence of non-zero wall-normal velocity does not follow the classical log-law, but the modified log-law proposed in this study based on simplified mixing-length theorem. The validity of the modified log-law has been verified by use of available experimental data from published sources for combined wave-current flows, and good agreement between the predicted and observed velocity profiles has been achieved.

准零刚度隔振座椅的理论与实验研究

针对车辆座椅的低频隔振问题,基于经典三弹簧准零刚度(Quasi-zero Stiffness,QZS)模型,建立座椅隔振实验模型,采用仿真和实验方法评价座椅模型的隔振性能。首先,对于三弹簧QZS模型,讨论参数对QZS的影响,获得QZS条件。其次,采用ADAMS仿真分析三弹簧QZS座椅模型,仿真和理论位移传递率具有较好的一致性。然后,制作三弹簧QZS座椅实验模型,通过静态实验调整实验模型获得QZS特性。最后,采用振动台对QZS座椅在1~10 Hz频率范围内开展大幅谐波位移激励隔振实验,同时采用Polytec激光测振仪分别获得振动台和座椅的位移响应,通过实验位移传递率评价QZS座椅隔振性能并验证理论分析正确性;相比对应的线性刚度隔振座椅,三弹簧QZS座椅具有较宽隔振频带和较小传递率。研究三弹簧QZS座椅的隔振性能可为后续可供实际工程应用的QZS座椅研究提供参考,同时也指出QZS座椅研究中存在的困难。

基于FRI采样的架空线路暂态电流行波故障检测

为提高故障检测精度,提出基于频率响应辨识(Frequency Response Identification,FRI)采样的架空线路暂态电流行波故障检测方法。将暂态电流脉冲流拟合为高斯脉冲串,结合离散傅里叶变换和谱分析确定稀疏数据,并重构暂态电流行波信号。通过Hilbert变换获取时频谱特征,分析前三个模态分量能量,作为故障特征输入LVQ神经网络,通过迭代运算输出故障类型。实验结果表明,该方法可实现暂态电流行波信号的准确重构,故障检测成功率达到96%以上。

零群速度特征导波在焊缝损伤评估中的应用

通过数值模拟方法研究了零群速度特征导波(zero-group-velocity feature guided waves,ZGV-FGWs)在焊缝损伤检测中的应用。建立了焊缝结构的二维频域有限元模型,损伤程度用不同的杨氏模量表征,验证了焊缝结构中的共振现象并确定了能量集中在焊缝特征区附近时的共振频率。利用三维时域有限元方法确定了ZGV-FGWs共振模式的存在,并分析了不同杨氏模量焊缝的ZGV-FGWs传播特性。结果表明:随着材料杨氏模量的减小,ZGV-FGWs频谱信号幅值显著单调减小,且ZGV-FGWs频谱信号幅值的变化趋势与激励信号的频谱曲线吻合。基于此特性可以设置合适的激励信号,获得幅值变化更强的ZGV-FGWs频谱信号,进而准确评价焊缝的损伤状态。

基于优化暂态零序方向与改进首半波的综合决策选线方法

针对现有小电流接地选线判据适应性较差、选线精度较低的问题,提出了基于优化暂态零序方向与改进首半波的综合决策选线方法,通过带通数字滤波器的设计及暂态首半波特性分析,综合利用首半波短窗、首半波长窗以及带通滤波数据窗内极性满足特性的采样点统计,确定各自相关系数,形成综合选线判据。基于该综合决策选线方法开发了对应的选线保护装置,并进行了RTDS动模测试及真型试验。结果表明,该选线方法能适应各种系统运行方式及故障条件,验证了其有效性和可靠性。

配电网单相接地故障行波定位新方法

针对零、线模速度差和时间差行波定位原理中零模波速度难以确定的问题,提出了在无需时间同步的情况下,利用线路两端信息融合在线实时求取零模波速度的算法和一种配电网单相接地故障行波定位新方法。分析了行波分量在线路上的传播特性,将零、线模行波通过S变换后,发现在零、线模行波频率分别为50 k Hz和500 k Hz的分量下标定初始波头的到达时间,具有较高的灵敏度和稳定性。根据零模波速度与定位公式之间的关系,找出故障点所在最小区域,将该最小区域包含的线路区段分解成多组T型线路进行了故障定位。通过PSCAD/EMTDC进行了全面系统的仿真验证,结果表明所求得的零模波速度和定位方法具有较高的准确度,具有一定工程价值。

基于线模行波突变的配电网单相接地故障测距方法

为了消除线路结构多变性和不平衡负载对配电网单相接地故障测距的影响,提出三相同时注入高压脉冲后以线模行波突变为判据的测距新方法。通过分析配电变压器的行波传变特性和行波在故障点的传播方程,在理论上证明首端检测到的第一个线模电压行波波头来源于故障点零模电压入射波的反射,进而得到测距公式。根据色散原理及配电网线路一般较短的情况,将波头首个非零点作为行波到达时刻的判别,并选取波速度为光速。在PSCAD(power systemscomputer aided design)中仿真验证了方法的有效性和准确性。

中厚板弹跳曲线零点漂移对轧制力自适应的影响

分析了中厚板轧制过程中弹跳曲线零点漂移对轧制力自适应的影响,认为在忽略入口厚度波动对轧件塑性影响的前提下,轧制力模型的自适应不受弹跳曲线零点漂移的影响。但如能根据实际生产需要用辊缝零点自适应的方法来计算辊缝零点漂移量,从而消除入口厚度波动对轧件塑性的影响,则可进一步提高轧制力的自适应精度。该方法在实际生产中取得了较好的应用效果。

一种新型深海采矿船升沉信号采集系统设计

基于零波面理论,利用超声测距原理,介绍了3点定面测量船舶升沉位移的方法,设计了一种新型深海采矿船升沉信号采集系统。该采集系统采用8051单片机控制超声波的发射与接收,采用RS232与上位微机通讯。提出了提高测量精度的有效措施:合理选择超声波工作方式及工作频率;采用波头检测与零交叉检测技术;提高计数频率,减少计时误差;设计温度补偿电路;用软件补偿电路的时间延迟。

深空探测中磁强计在轨标定研究进展

磁场测量是深空探测的重要任务之一,高精度的磁场测量对研究行星宜居性、空间等离子体环境等具有重要意义.磁通门磁强计是空间探测任务中最广泛使用的仪器之一.然而其磁补偿会随时间缓慢变化,因此,在卫星飞行期间需要定期对磁强计的磁补偿实施在轨标定.本文综述了基于空间物理现象对星载磁强计实施在轨标定的方法.根据计算磁补偿的方式,这些方法可分为两类.第一类方法通过公式计算磁补偿,如基于阿尔芬波动特征的Belcher方法、Hedgecock方法和Davis-Smith方法,以及一维和三维磁镜模方法;这类方法中,Davis-Smith方法被认为是计算磁补偿的最优方法.第二类方法通过概率获取磁补偿的最优解,该类方法被称为新一代在轨标定技术,目前已发展出六种算法;该技术可使用阿尔芬波动、磁镜结构和电流片中的一种或多种现象来实施在轨标定,另外,该技术也可以使用足够数据量(如4小时)的任意行星际磁场数据来计算磁补偿.与Davis-Smith方法相比,新一代在轨标定技术具有很好的兼容性(可同时使用不同的物理现象)和拓展性.除了太阳风,该技术还能在火星磁鞘中实施在轨标定.目前,该技术已为“天问一号”环绕器的磁场数据提供标定服务.

P-SV波和SS波反射系数之间的近似关系

本文通过对Aki&Richards给出的P SV波反射系数的一阶近似 ,给出了一个新的描述P SV波和SS波反射系数之间关系的近似公式。在 4个不同类型的含油气砂岩模型上的定量计算表明 :新的近似关系能够反映SS波阻抗和P SV波反射系数之间的内在关系 ,而且形式简单、近似效果好、适用范围广 ,适合于SS波阻抗的定量反演和理论研究 ;如果再结合PP波AVO信息 ,还可以简单、准确地进行多参数反演。另外 ,在 2 0°以内 ,利用该近似关系 ,纯SS波零偏移距剖面和P SV转换波剖面之间可以相互转换。