Effects of walk-off on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in an optical fibre with high-order dispersion

This paper investigates the effects of walk-off among optical pulses on cross-phase modulation induced modulation instability in the normal dispersion region of an optical fibre with high-order dispersion. The results indicate that, in the case of high-order dispersion, the walk-off effect takes on new characteristics and will influence considerably the shape, position and especially the number of the spectral regions of the gain spectra of modulation instability. Not only the group-velocity mismatch, but also the difference of the third-order dispersion of two optical waves will alter the gain spectra of modulation instability but in different ways. Depending on the values of the walk-off parameters, the number of the spectral regions may increase from two to at most four, and the spectral shape and position may change too.

Effects of signal modulation and coloured cross-correlation of coloured noises on the diffusion of a harmonic oscillator

The diffusion in a harmonic oscillator driven by coloured noises ξ（t） and η（t） with coloured cross-correlation in which one of the noises is modulated by a biased periodic signal is investigated. The exact expression of diffusion coefficient d as a function of noise parameter, signal parameter, and oscillator frequency is derived. The findings in this paper are as follows. 1） The curves of d versus noise intensity D and d versus noises cross-correlation time z3 exist as two different phases. The transition between the two phases arises from the change of the cross-correlation coefficient A of the two Ornstein-Uhlenbeck （O-U） noises. 2） Changing the value of T3, the curves of d versus Q, the intensity of colored noise that is modulated by the signal, can transform from a phase having a minimum to a monotonic phase. 3） Changing the value of signal amplitude A, d versus Q curves can transform from a phase having a minimum to a monotonic phase. The above-mentioned results demonstrate that a like noise-induced transition appears in the model.

Cross-phase modulation instability in optical fibres with exponential saturable nonlinearity and high-order dispersion

Utilizing the linear-stability analysis, this paper analytically investigates and calculates the condition and gain spectra of cross-phase modulation instability in optical fibres in the ease of exponential saturable nonlinearity and high-order dispersion. The results show that, the modulation instability characteristics here are similar to those of conventional saturable nonlinearity and Kerr nonlinearity. That is to say, when the fourth-order dispersion has the same sign as that of the second-order one, a new gain spectral region called the second one which is far away from the zero point may appear. The existence of the exponential saturable nonlinearity will make the spectral width as well as the peak gain of every spectral region increase with the input powers before decrease. Namely, for every spectral regime, this may lead to a unique value of peak gain and spectral width for two different input powers. In comparison with the case of conventional saturable nonlinearity, however, when the other parameters are the same, the variations of the spectral width and the peak gain with the input powers will be faster in case of exponential saturable nonlinearity.

Stochastic resonance in a gain-noise model of a single-mode laser driven by pump noise and quantum noise with cross-correlation between real and imaginary parts under direct signal modulation

Stochastic resonance （SR） is studied in a gain-noise model of a single-mode laser driven by a coloured pump noise and a quantum noise with cross-correlation between real and imaginary parts under a direct signal modulation. By using a linear approximation method, we find that the SR appears during the variation of signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） separately with the pump noise self-correlation time τ, the noise correlation coefficient between the real part and the imaginary part of the quantum noise λq, the attenuation coefficient γ＇ and the deterministic steady-state intensity I0. In addition, it is found that the SR can be characterized not only by the dependence of SNR on the noise variables of and λq, but also by the dependence of SNR on the laser system variables of γ and I0. Thus our investigation extends the characteristic quantity of SR proposed before.

Crossed modules of Lie color algebras

The linear operations of the equivalent classes of crossed modules of Lie color algebras are studied. The set of the equivalent classes of crossed modules is proved to be a vector space, which is isomorphic with the homogeneous components of degree zero of the third cohomology group of Lie color algebras. As an application of this theory, the crossed modules of Witt type Lie color algebras is described, and the result is proved that there is only one equivalent class of the crossed modules of Witt type Lie color algebras when the abelian group Г is equal to Г＋. Finally, for a Witt type Lie color algebra, the classification of its crossed modules is obtained by the isomorphism between the third cohomology group and the crossed modules.

Linearized Phase Detector Zero Crossing DPLL Performance Evaluation in Faded Mobile Channels

Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (AS-ZCDPLL) is used to linearize the phase difference detection, and enhance the loop performance. The loop has faster acquisition, less steady state phase error, and wider locking range compared to the conventional ZCDPLL. This work presents a Zero Crossing Digital Phase Locked Loop with Arc Sine block (ZCDPLL-AS). The performance of the loop is analyzed under mobile faded channel conditions. The mobile channel is assumed to be two path fading channel corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGM). It is shown that for a constant filter gain, the frequency spread has no effect on the steady state phase error variance when the loop is subjected to a phase step. For a frequency step and under the same conditions, the effect on phase error is minimal.

Cross correlation mediated by distant Majorana zero modes with no overlap

Existing studies via shot noise calculation conclude that the cross correlation between the currents in the two leads connected by a pair of Majorana zero modes(MZMs)vanishes when their coupling energy𝜖∈_(M)→0.Motivated by the intrinsic nature of nonlocality of the MZMs,we revisit this important problem and propose an experimental scheme to demonstrate the nonvanishing cross correlation even at the limit𝜖∈_(M)→0.The proposed scheme employs the Andreevprocess-associated branch circuit currents,which are theoretically obtained by applying a decomposition analysis for the total currents while are accessible directly in practical measurement.For different bias voltage setup,we find intriguing results of both negative and positive correlations and carry out simple physical understanding using a quantum jump technique.Importantly,combining together with the evidence of the zero-bias-peak of conductance,the nonlocal cross correlation predicted in this work can help to confirm the existence of the nonlocal MZMs.

FSK Modulation Scheme for High-Speed Optical Transmission

In this paper, we describe the generation, detection, and performance of frequency-shift keying （FSK） for high-speed optical transmission and label switching. A non-return-to-zero （NRZ） FSK signal is generated by using two continuous-wave （CW） lasers, one Mach-Zehnder modulator （MZM）, and one Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer （MZDI）. An RZ-FSK signal is generated by cascading a dual-arm MZM, which is driven by a sinusoidal voltage at half the bit rate. Demodulation can be achieved on 1 bit rate through one MZDI or an array waveguide grating （AWG） demultiplexer with balanced detection. We perform numerical simulation on two types of frequency modulation schemes using MZM or PM, and we determine the effect of frequency tone spacing （FTS） on the generated FSK signal. In the proposed scheme, a novel frequency modulation format has transmission advantages compared with traditional modulation formats such as RZ and differential phase-shift keying （DPSK）, under varying dispersion management. The performance of an RZ-FSK signal in a 4 x 40 Gb/s WDM transmission system is discussed. We experiment on transparent wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing （FWM） in a semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） and in a highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber （HNDSF） for a 40 Gb/s RZ-FSK signal. The feasibility of all-optical signal processing of a high-speed RZ-FSK signal is confirmed. We also determine the receiver power penalty for the RZ-FSK signal after a 100 km standard single-mode fiber （SMF） transmission link with matching dispersion compensating fiber （DCF）, under the post-compensation management scheme. Because the frequency modulation format is orthogonal to intensity modulation and vector modulation （polarization shift keying）, it can be used in the context of the combined modulation format to decrease the data rate or enhance the symbol rate. It can also be used in orthogonal label-switching as the modulation format for the payload or the label. As an example, we propose a simple orthogonal optical label switching technique based on 40 Gb/s FSK payload and 2.5 Gb/s intensity modulated （IM） label.

RECURSIVENESS OF ZERO STRUCTURES FOR SYSTEM MATRICES OF INTERCONNECTED LINEAR SYSTEMS VIA MODULE THEORETIC TOOLS

The importance of the zeros of multwariable linear systems is well-knoiun in terms of measure obstructions to the controllability and the. observability. In this paper, a recursive decarnposi Am oj interconnected systems is outlined by taking into account the sequential structure of the connnections. The paper extends the, coordinate, module-theoretic studies from the elementary algebraic systems theory to include the case oj such linear interconnected systems which need not to be controllable or observable. Also, the properties of controllability and observability, the decoupling zeros and the signal Making issues are characterized.

Research on Parallel Interleaved Inverters with Discontinuous Space-Vector Modulation

Parallel converter can significantly increase the capacity of the converter and improve the power quality of AC side, but the circulation which can lead to high switching loss and even damage the devices will easily exist in the direct parallel converters. In this paper, the average model of parallel interleaved inverters system to analyze the circulation current is shown, and the cross current is relevant to DC-bus voltage and the overlap time of zero vectors in the switching period. Based on this observation, a discontinuous space vector modulation without using zero vectors (000) is eliminate and suppress the zero-sequence current to entire system. Finally, the effectiveness of modulation strategy is verified by the simulations in this paper.

Performance Comparison of Three Algorithms Applied to UM2000 Signal Demodulation

UM2000 signal is a type of multi-audio frequency-modulated signal which is widely used for railway blocking. Principles of three typical demodulating algorithms are presented in details in this paper. Bit error rates of the three methods at different SNRs are achieved by Monte Carlo simulation experiments. Among the three algorithms, the quadrature demodulation has the best performance at the real working environment. However, the three methods have the same problem of phase hopping when noise is too strong.

基于过零点斜率加窗解调的ACARS信号接收方法

飞机通信寻址与报告系统(ACARS)允许飞机和地面站之间发送和接收报文,在保障飞行安全、实现空中交通管制等方面具有重要意义。通信链路的噪声和频偏是影响ACARS信号接收性能的关键因素。针对ACARS信号接收过程中的失真等问题,深入研究频偏、噪声等因素与ACARS报文接收性能之间的关系;在充分考虑噪声与多普勒频移等因素的基础上,提出基于过零点斜率加窗解调的ACARS信号接收方法,并从理论和仿真分析2方面探讨不同方法的抗频偏抗噪声能力;设计并搭建基于软件无线电平台的ACARS信号接收系统。通过对ACARS报文接收性能的仿真分析和真实报文接收性能的对比分析,表明所提方法在提升抗噪声和频偏能力、降低误码率等方面均具有优势。

改进YOLOv4的遥感图像目标检测算法

为有效解决遥感图像目标检测算法在复杂背景下的检测效果不佳的问题,提出一种改进YOLOv4的目标检测算法。设计一种跨阶段残差结构,替换原主干网络的简单残差结构,降低模型参数量和计算负担;引入CBAM注意力机制,加强CSP模块间有效特征交互;使用跨阶段分层卷积模块重构特征融合阶段对深层特征图的处理方式,防止网络退化和梯度消失;采用Mish激活函数,增强融合网络对非线性特征的提取能力。在RSOD、DIOR数据集上的实验结果表明,改进YOLOv4算法的测试mAP相比原YOLOv4算法分别高出4.5%、7.3%,其检测速度分别达到48 fps、45 fps,在保证实时性的同时检测精度有较大提升。

宽增益高效率CLLLC变换器的变频双移相调制策略

在输入电压宽范围变化时,变频调制CLLLC变换器存在开关频率变化范围宽的问题,而移相调制CLLLC变换器难以实现宽范围零电压导通(ZVS)。为了实现宽输入电压CLLLC变换器的高效率,该文提出一种变频双移相调制方法。通过同时调节开关频率、一次侧全桥和二次侧全桥之间的移相角,拓宽CLLLC变换器的增益并提高其效率。采用时域分析法求解变频双移相调制CLLLC变换器的电压增益与谐振电感电流有效值,并分析频率以及移相角对电压增益和谐振电感电流有效值的影响。最后,通过搭建一台100~300 V输入、48 V/400 W输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

一种6信道声光调制器

介绍了一种6信道声光调制器。通过在换能器上制备电极阵列,设计独立的阻抗匹配电路和电输入端口,将6个声光互作用单元集成在一起,实现了对6束激光的并行、独立调制。经测试,该6信道声光调制器工作波长为355 nm,工作频率为220 MHz,单信道衍射效率>75%,全局串扰<0.5%。

解耦知识蒸馏优化的域自适应跨库情感识别

减小域间差异和加强特征情感表达是解决跨库语音情感识别任务的两个主要问题,但少有研究同时考虑到上述问题,为此,提出一种基于解耦知识蒸馏策略优化的域自适应跨库语音情感识别算法。在域自适应算法中引入解耦知识蒸馏(DKD)策略,提高特征提取器获取具有显著情感信息的域不变特征的能力;并提出一个时频域自校正卷积神经网络(TFSC-CNN),融合不同感受域的特征细节,丰富特征中的情感信息,作为教师模型,指导特征提取器的训练过程;最后,使用优化后的特征提取器进行对抗训练,减小特征的域间差异,提升模型的泛化能力。所提方法在CASIA、EmoDB和RAVDESS数据集上进行了6组不同的跨库语音情感识别任务,在UAR和WAR两个评价指标上分别取得了49.74%和50.62%的识别结果;同时,通过消融实验进一步验证了不同改进模块的有效性。文中方法为跨库情感识别提供了一种新思路。

基于深度学习的三维肿瘤及器官分割

针对三维医学图像中由于肿瘤或器官的形状、尺度差异较大导致分割精度较低的问题,提出一种端到端的三维全卷积分割模型。首先,设计空洞立方集成模块在不同分辨率阶段实现多尺度集成,增强复杂边界上的识别能力;其次,引入跨阶段上下文融合模块融合浅层和深层特征,促进收敛并更准确地定位目标对象;最后,解码器对来自编码器的特征进行拼接以实现分割。在脑肿瘤分割数据集上,平均Dice相似性系数值达到85.37%;在腹部器官分割数据集上,平均Dice相似性系数值达到83.99%。实验结果表明所提模型在三维肿瘤和器官的分割上具有较高精度。

基于YOLO算法的非机动车辆检测模型

针对自动驾驶车辆目标检测过程中非机动车因体积小、易被遮挡而导致误检和漏检的问题,为提高非机动车的检测精度,对YOLOv4基础算法进行改进,利用跨阶段连接优化特征提取融合网络,在减少计算量的同时提高检测性能,并嵌入卷积块注意力模块(CBAM),通过通道和空间注意力权值分配来增大有效特征权重、提高检测精度,同时,利用自建的非机动车数据集,在锚框(Anchor)自适应匹配的基础上建立非机动车检测模型。最后,为验证模型的有效性,通过消融实验对比模型性能,结果表明,所提出的检测模型能够有效提高非机动车的检测和识别效果,较好地解决误检和漏检问题。

基于改进EfficientNet网络的肺结节图像分类研究

针对目前计算机辅助诊断肺结节良恶性精度值较低、误诊率较高以及模型较复杂等问题,提出一种改进EfficientNet网络的肺结节良恶性分类模型。首先,在特征提取部分融合ECA模块,搭建出EMBConv结构,使网络模型关注更多特征信息;其次,使用跨域迁移学习,提高了网络模型的分类性能;然后采用Ranger优化器优化网络训练,有效防止模型陷入局部最优;最后,将从LIDC-IDRI数据集分割提取的肺结节图像输入到改进的分类模型中。实验结果表明,所提方法在网络参数量和计算量表现出较强竞争力,同时,分类准确率、精确率达到了91.83%和95.50%,较模型改进前分别提高了1.66%和4.41%。

柔性直流输电系统的高频谐波保护方法与工程实践

柔性直流输电系统受电力电子设备本身特性以及控制系统影响,在多种运行工况下易出现不同频率的振荡问题。作为实现设备安全和电网稳定运行的决定因素,保护系统应实现对系统谐波的准确监测以及可靠动作。根据高频振荡时的电流能量累积作用,给出了基于反时限动作的电流类谐波保护算法。基于高频谐波电压特性,分别给出了过零点监测保护算法、谐波畸变率保护算法以及宽谐波保护算法,各保护算法相互配合,实现对不同电压振荡类型的全面保护。最后,给出了国内柔性直流工程实践中配置的高频谐波保护,结合保护原理对系统发生高频振荡后的动作特性进行分析,验证了高频谐波保护的有效性和准确性。