More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effectiv...More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effective way to tackle these deficiencies. However, rice iron biofortification, by means of conventional breeding, proves difficult due to lack of sufficient genetic variation. Meanwhile,genetic engineering has led to a significant increase in the iron concentration along with zinc concentration in rice grains. The design of impactful genetic engineering biofortification strategies relies upon vast scientific knowledge of precise functions of different genes involved in iron and zinc uptake, translocation and storage. In this review, we present an overview of molecular processes controlling iron and zinc homeostasis in rice. Further,the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far to increase the iron and zinc concentrations in polished rice grains are discussed in detail, highlighting the limitations and/or success of individual strategies. Recent insight suggests that a few genetic engineering strategies are commonly utilized for elevating iron and zinc concentrations in different genetic backgrounds, and thus, it is of great importance to accumulate scientific evidence for diverse genetic engineering strategies to expand the pool of options for biofortifying farmer-preferred cultivars.展开更多
Zinc is an essential element and serves as a structural or catalytic component in many proteins.Two families of transporters are involved in maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis:the ZIP(SLC39A)family that facilitates...Zinc is an essential element and serves as a structural or catalytic component in many proteins.Two families of transporters are involved in maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis:the ZIP(SLC39A)family that facilitates zinc influx into the cytoplasm,and the ZnT(SLC30A)family that facilitates zinc efflux from the cytoplasm.Zinc dyshomeostasis caused by the dysfunction of zinc transporters can contribute to the initiation or progression of various cancers,including prostate cancer,breast cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,intracellular zinc fluctuations lead to the disturbance of certain signaling pathways involved in the malignant properties of cancer cells.This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of zinc dyshomeostasis in cancer,and discusses the potential roles of zinc or zinc transporters in cancer therapy.展开更多
文摘More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effective way to tackle these deficiencies. However, rice iron biofortification, by means of conventional breeding, proves difficult due to lack of sufficient genetic variation. Meanwhile,genetic engineering has led to a significant increase in the iron concentration along with zinc concentration in rice grains. The design of impactful genetic engineering biofortification strategies relies upon vast scientific knowledge of precise functions of different genes involved in iron and zinc uptake, translocation and storage. In this review, we present an overview of molecular processes controlling iron and zinc homeostasis in rice. Further,the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far to increase the iron and zinc concentrations in polished rice grains are discussed in detail, highlighting the limitations and/or success of individual strategies. Recent insight suggests that a few genetic engineering strategies are commonly utilized for elevating iron and zinc concentrations in different genetic backgrounds, and thus, it is of great importance to accumulate scientific evidence for diverse genetic engineering strategies to expand the pool of options for biofortifying farmer-preferred cultivars.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81802927 and 81970255)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(Grant No.2017KJ228).
文摘Zinc is an essential element and serves as a structural or catalytic component in many proteins.Two families of transporters are involved in maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis:the ZIP(SLC39A)family that facilitates zinc influx into the cytoplasm,and the ZnT(SLC30A)family that facilitates zinc efflux from the cytoplasm.Zinc dyshomeostasis caused by the dysfunction of zinc transporters can contribute to the initiation or progression of various cancers,including prostate cancer,breast cancer,and pancreatic cancer.In addition,intracellular zinc fluctuations lead to the disturbance of certain signaling pathways involved in the malignant properties of cancer cells.This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of zinc dyshomeostasis in cancer,and discusses the potential roles of zinc or zinc transporters in cancer therapy.
