CLINICAL STUDY ON SERUM COPPER AND ZINC LEVELS AND COPPER/ZINC RATIO IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

173 simultaneous determinations of serum copper levels (SCL), serum zinc levels (SZL) and copper/zinc ratio (CZR) were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 51 previously untreated lymphoma patients. SCL and CZR were significantly higher in patients before treatment (mean value 22.97 μmol/L, 1.55, respectively) and in those who did not reach complete remission (mean 21.21 μmol/L, 1.36) as compared with the patients in complete remission (mean 16.36 μmol/L, 1.06) or normal controls (mean 15.67 μmol/L, 0.98). The mean value of SCL and CZR of patients in complete remission did not differ significantly from those of normal controls. Patients in stages HI and IV had higher SCL and CZR (mean 25.15 μmol/L, 1.79) than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (mean 19.30 μmol/L, 1.16). No significant difference in SZL was observed between the patient groups and normal controls. Thus, SCL and CZR may be used as prognostic indicators for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in malignant lymphoma.

Serum zinc levels and multiple health outcomes: Implications for zinc-based biomaterials

Background:Zinc-based biomaterials,including biodegradable metal,nanoparticles,and coatings used in medical implants release zinc ions that may increase the whole-body and serum zinc concentrations.The impact of serum zinc concentrations on major health outcomes can provide insights for device design and clinical transformation of zinc-based biomaterials.Methods:This nationally representative cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES,2011-2014)including 3607 participants.Using unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses,two-piecewise linear regression model with a smoothing function and threshold level analysis,we evaluated the associations between elevated serum zinc levels and major health outcomes.Results:Elevated serum zinc levels were significantly associated with an increase in total spine and total femur bone mineral density(BMD).Every 10μg/dL increase was associated with a 1.12-fold increase in diabetes mellitus(DM)and 1.23-fold and 1.29-fold increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and coronary heart disease(CHD),in participants with serum zinc levels≥100μg/dL.It had no significant linear or nonlinear associations with risk of fractures,congestive heart failure,heart attack,thyroid disease,arthritis,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,dyslipidemia and cancer.Conclusion:Serum zinc levels are significantly associated with increased BMD in the total spine and total femur,and risk of DM,and CVD/CHD among participants with serum zinc levels≥100μg/dL.

The relationship between serum zinc levels and rheumatoid arthritis activity

OBJECTIVES： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is one of the most prevalent chronic autoimmune diseases; it typically involves the hands, wrists, ankles, and eventually all joints. Some studies have reported that zinc serum levels are lower in patients with RA than in healthy individuals. MATERIALS and METHODS： Seventy-nine patients with RAwere selected. The patients were all less than 75 years old and were diagnosed by a rheumatologist. Serum zinc levels were measured using the flame photometry method with a blood sample of 5 mL. The relationship between the average serum zinc level and disease activity was analyzed based on the DAS28 scoring scale for different RA groups. The significance threshold was set atp 〈 0.05. Data analyses were implemented in SPSS 22.0. RESULTS： There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc levels and disease activity. Chi-square tests were used to compare zinc serum levels with respect to disease activity. There were significant differences in zinc levels among three groups of patients with different levels of disease severity, such that disease activity increased as the serum zinc level decreased （p 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc level and RA activity based on the DAS28 score. Therefore, it is recommended that mineral deficiencies should be addressed by optimizing the zinc supply along with other standard medications in order to reduce RA activity.

Correlation of Whole Blood Zinc Levels,CD4 Cell Count,Disease Stage,and Dermatologic Manifestations Among HIV Patients:A Single Center Experience in Philippines

Objective:Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient abnormality seen in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.Depletion of CD4 cells is a hallmark of HIV infection.The study aims to determine the association between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count and stage of HIV infection among patients in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.Methods:Sixty-five newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients of the institution were recruited.Demographic profile,whole blood zinc levels,CD4 cell count level,HIV disease stage,and presence of any dermatologic manifestations were noted.Prevalence of zinc deficiency and correlation between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count were determined.The data were analyzed by chi-square and pearson correlation analysis.Results:Among the 65 patients,overall zinc deficiency was noted at 33.8%.Low CD4 count and HIV disease stage IV participants had the highest percentage of zinc deficiency at 54.6%and 50%,respectively.A correlation coefficient atr=0.3364 was noted between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count(P=0.006).Twenty-nine patients presented with dermatologic manifestations,with 10 patients being zinc deficient.Conclusion:A weak positive correlation was seen between zinc levels and CD4 count.There is an increasing frequency of zinc level deficiency with a higher HIV disease stage.Dermatologic manifestations of HIV may be present in both patients with normal and deficient zinc levels.

Dry Matter Partitioning and Harvest Index Differ in Rice Genotypes with Variable Rates of Phosphorus and Zinc Nutrition

Phosphorus （P） and zinc （Zn） deficiencies are the major problems that decrease crop productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. Field experiments were conducted to investigate impacts of P （0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/hm^2） and Zn levels （0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/hm^2） on dry matter （DM） accumulation and partitioning, and harvest index of three rice genotypes ＇fine （Bamati-385） vs. coarse （F-Malakand and Pukhraj）＇ at various growth stages （tiliering, heading and physiological maturity）. The experiments were conducted at farmers＇ field at Batkhela in Northwestern Pakistan for two years in summer 2011 and 2012. The two year pooled data reveled that there were no differences in percent of DM partitioning into leaves and culms with application of different P and Zn levels, and genotypes at tillering. The highest P level （120 kg/hm^2） partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The highest Zn level （15 kg/hm^2） accumulated more DM and partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The hybrid rice （Pukhraj） produced and partitioned more DM into panicles than F-Malakand and Bamati-385 at heading and physiological maturity stages. Higher DM accumulation and greater amounts of partitioning into panicles at heading and physiological maturity stages was noticed with increase in P and Zn levels, and the increase was significantly higher in the coarse rice genotypes than fine. We concluded that the growing hybrid rice with application of 120 kg/hm^2 P ＋ 15 kg/hm^2 Zn not only increases total DM accumulation and partitioned greater amounts into the reproductive plant parts （panicles） but also results in higher harvest index.

Critical Concentration of Zinc for Increasing Production and Quality of Mangosteen Fruit in West Sumatera, Indonesia

West Sumatera is one of the largest mangosteen production centers in Indonesia.After the 2019 harvest season,there were variations in fruit production and quality which indicated symptoms of zinc(Zn)deficiency.This study evaluates the status of Zn for increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit Ratu Kamang cv.The study was conducting using the observation method in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatera from January to December 2020.This study used ten mangosteen trees aged 23 years in three locations selected purposively.Parameters observed included soil properties,leaf nutrients,number of fruits;fruit,rind,aril and seed weights,percentage of fruit scars(FS)and percentage of fruit contaminated with yellow sap(YSC).The relationship between Zn concentration in leaves and fruit production and quality was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and regression models.The results showed that Zn played a role in increasing the production and quality of man-gosteen fruit at certain concentration ranges in the leaves.Zinc concentrations of 23.45–30.00 mg/kg play a role in increasing production,while Zn concentrations of 26.29–30.29 mg/kg play a role in increasing quality.The lowest incidence of FS and YSC was found in trees with Zn concentration in the leaves between 30.00–32.00 mg/kg.Zinc concentration in the leaves of 30.00 mg/kg was the critical concentration in increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit under local cultivation conditions.Zinc has an antagonistic relationship to iron(Fe)and cop-per(Cu)in leaf tissue.