Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic(Allium sativum L.) peel on the hematological and disease resistance of African catfish[Glorias gariepinus(C.gariepinus)] fingerlings against the infections...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic(Allium sativum L.) peel on the hematological and disease resistance of African catfish[Glorias gariepinus(C.gariepinus)] fingerlings against the infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.Methods:Powdered garlic peel was incorporated into the diets at(0%,0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and fed to catfish fingerlings for 20 days.After the feeding trial,biochemical(serum total protein,albumin and globulin),hematological parameters(white blood cells and red blood cells) of the fish were examined.Fish were challenged with Aeromona hydrophila(A.hydrophila) after 20 days of post feeding and percentage mortalities were recorded up to 10 days after post challenge.Results:Enhanced serum protein,albumin and globulin in fish fed with all the dosages of garlic peel when compared to control group.Significantly highest red blood cell and white blood cell counts were recorded in garlic peel incorporated diet fed groups compared to control group.The results also demonstrate that low survival rate(55.5±11.0)%in control groups and significantly higher survival rates were recorded in all the garlic peel fed groups after challenging with A.hydrophila.However no significant impact was noticed with regard to body weight gain,specific growth rate and food conversion ratio of fish fed with different levels of garlic peel inclusion and control group.Conclusions:These results indicate that garlic peel enhances the hematological parameters even at a low level(0.5%) incorporation and makes C. gariepinus highly immunopotent and more resistant to infection by A.hydrophila.展开更多
Garlic peel,as the raw material,was modified by loading with zirconium(IV),exhibiting quite good uptaking behaviour for fluoride anion.The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch shaking vessels,and the proce...Garlic peel,as the raw material,was modified by loading with zirconium(IV),exhibiting quite good uptaking behaviour for fluoride anion.The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch shaking vessels,and the process was strongly dependent on the pH value.The adsorption fits Langmuir model well,and the maximum adsorption capacities at equilibrium pH 2 and 6 are evaluated to be 1.10 and 0.89 mol(fluoride)/kg of Zr-loaded garlic peel gel,respectively.The evaluation of effects of coexisting anions such as nitrate,sulfate and phosphate shows that nitrate and sulfate have no negative effect on the adsorption of fluoride,while phosphate has a little effect.Adsorption kinetics of fluoride is well described by pseudo-second-order rate equation,and the corresponding adsorption rate constant is calculated to be 3.25×10?3 g/(mg·min).展开更多
Waste biomass-supported magnetic solid acids have particular advantages in catalyst separation.First,a novel magnetic carbonaceous catalyst was synthesized from waste garlic peel(GP)via in situ impregnation before con...Waste biomass-supported magnetic solid acids have particular advantages in catalyst separation.First,a novel magnetic carbonaceous catalyst was synthesized from waste garlic peel(GP)via in situ impregnation before conducting carbonization at 450–600°C and sulfonation at 105°C.The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized.It was found that the magnetism of the catalyst increased with the carbonization temperature.The optimized catalyst,carbonized at 600℃(C600-S),possessed an excellent magnetization value of 12.5 emu/g,with a specific surface area of 175.1 m^(2)/g,a pore volume of 0.16 cm^(3)/g,and an acidic property of 0.74 mmol/g-SO3H density.By optimizing the esterification conditions to produce biodiesel,an oleic acid conversion of 94.5%was achieved at w(catalyst dosage)=10%(w is mass fraction),a molar ratio of n(methanol):n(oleic acid)=10:1(n is the amount of substance),and a reaction for 4 h at 90℃.Further,for catalyst regeneration,it was found that sulfuric acid treatment was more effective for improving the esterification activity than solvent washing,with which a conversion of more than 76%was achieved after the third run.展开更多
Wastewater produced from the soil washing process contains heavy metals, which limits its reuse for washing. So it is necessary to develop an efficient and economical way to recycle it, and this study presented a bios...Wastewater produced from the soil washing process contains heavy metals, which limits its reuse for washing. So it is necessary to develop an efficient and economical way to recycle it, and this study presented a biosorption method to realize this goal. A typical soil sample contaminated by lead was taken from the real field near a lead smelting factory, used for the toxic metals extraction with dilute citric acid. A leach liquor was obtained with lead ions at the level of 12.35 mg/L, Cd 1.2 mg/L, Cu 1.5 mg/L, Zn 2.6 mg/L, as well as the coexisting anions, such as sulphate, silicate, chloride at the concentration of several hundred miligram per liter. The garlic peel was modified by a simple chemical saponification process and used as the biosorbent for toxic metal removal. Firstly, the adsorp- tion behavior of lead ions on the saponified garlic peel was systematically investigated using the synthetic solutions, and then the adsorption mechanisms were explored by detailed experhnents combining with the thermodynamic calculation reuslts of the aqueous system of Pb（II）-citrate-H2O. It was found that in artificial solution containing 0.01 mol/L citrate, the maximum adsorption capacity of 261.0 mg/g was reached at pH near 3.0, and also at this very pH value the Pb^2＋ and Pb（H2Cit）＋ were the dominant lead species, which are favorable for adsorption due to its easier approaching to the --COO^- ligands in the saponified garlic peel partilces via charge attraction, and the appearance of Pb（HCit）; and Pb（Cit）- at pH above 3.0 inhibits the adsorption. Secondly, the real leach liquor was used for adsorption tests, and twice adsorption under the optimal conditons would decrease the residual concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn to zero. After elution by using 0.1 mol/L nitric acid, the adsorbed metals can be recovered and garlic peel can be reused for at least 10 cycles effectively. This study presents a prospective biosorption method for economical and efficient removal of the lead ions from soil washing wastewater with citric acid as the leaching reagent.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic(Allium sativum L.) peel on the hematological and disease resistance of African catfish[Glorias gariepinus(C.gariepinus)] fingerlings against the infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.Methods:Powdered garlic peel was incorporated into the diets at(0%,0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and fed to catfish fingerlings for 20 days.After the feeding trial,biochemical(serum total protein,albumin and globulin),hematological parameters(white blood cells and red blood cells) of the fish were examined.Fish were challenged with Aeromona hydrophila(A.hydrophila) after 20 days of post feeding and percentage mortalities were recorded up to 10 days after post challenge.Results:Enhanced serum protein,albumin and globulin in fish fed with all the dosages of garlic peel when compared to control group.Significantly highest red blood cell and white blood cell counts were recorded in garlic peel incorporated diet fed groups compared to control group.The results also demonstrate that low survival rate(55.5±11.0)%in control groups and significantly higher survival rates were recorded in all the garlic peel fed groups after challenging with A.hydrophila.However no significant impact was noticed with regard to body weight gain,specific growth rate and food conversion ratio of fish fed with different levels of garlic peel inclusion and control group.Conclusions:These results indicate that garlic peel enhances the hematological parameters even at a low level(0.5%) incorporation and makes C. gariepinus highly immunopotent and more resistant to infection by A.hydrophila.
基金Project(11140065) supported by Research Program for Returned Oversea Scholars of China
文摘Garlic peel,as the raw material,was modified by loading with zirconium(IV),exhibiting quite good uptaking behaviour for fluoride anion.The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch shaking vessels,and the process was strongly dependent on the pH value.The adsorption fits Langmuir model well,and the maximum adsorption capacities at equilibrium pH 2 and 6 are evaluated to be 1.10 and 0.89 mol(fluoride)/kg of Zr-loaded garlic peel gel,respectively.The evaluation of effects of coexisting anions such as nitrate,sulfate and phosphate shows that nitrate and sulfate have no negative effect on the adsorption of fluoride,while phosphate has a little effect.Adsorption kinetics of fluoride is well described by pseudo-second-order rate equation,and the corresponding adsorption rate constant is calculated to be 3.25×10?3 g/(mg·min).
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.ZR2020QE210 and ZR2021QE066)the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Shandong Province(2021).
文摘Waste biomass-supported magnetic solid acids have particular advantages in catalyst separation.First,a novel magnetic carbonaceous catalyst was synthesized from waste garlic peel(GP)via in situ impregnation before conducting carbonization at 450–600°C and sulfonation at 105°C.The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized.It was found that the magnetism of the catalyst increased with the carbonization temperature.The optimized catalyst,carbonized at 600℃(C600-S),possessed an excellent magnetization value of 12.5 emu/g,with a specific surface area of 175.1 m^(2)/g,a pore volume of 0.16 cm^(3)/g,and an acidic property of 0.74 mmol/g-SO3H density.By optimizing the esterification conditions to produce biodiesel,an oleic acid conversion of 94.5%was achieved at w(catalyst dosage)=10%(w is mass fraction),a molar ratio of n(methanol):n(oleic acid)=10:1(n is the amount of substance),and a reaction for 4 h at 90℃.Further,for catalyst regeneration,it was found that sulfuric acid treatment was more effective for improving the esterification activity than solvent washing,with which a conversion of more than 76%was achieved after the third run.
文摘Wastewater produced from the soil washing process contains heavy metals, which limits its reuse for washing. So it is necessary to develop an efficient and economical way to recycle it, and this study presented a biosorption method to realize this goal. A typical soil sample contaminated by lead was taken from the real field near a lead smelting factory, used for the toxic metals extraction with dilute citric acid. A leach liquor was obtained with lead ions at the level of 12.35 mg/L, Cd 1.2 mg/L, Cu 1.5 mg/L, Zn 2.6 mg/L, as well as the coexisting anions, such as sulphate, silicate, chloride at the concentration of several hundred miligram per liter. The garlic peel was modified by a simple chemical saponification process and used as the biosorbent for toxic metal removal. Firstly, the adsorp- tion behavior of lead ions on the saponified garlic peel was systematically investigated using the synthetic solutions, and then the adsorption mechanisms were explored by detailed experhnents combining with the thermodynamic calculation reuslts of the aqueous system of Pb（II）-citrate-H2O. It was found that in artificial solution containing 0.01 mol/L citrate, the maximum adsorption capacity of 261.0 mg/g was reached at pH near 3.0, and also at this very pH value the Pb^2＋ and Pb（H2Cit）＋ were the dominant lead species, which are favorable for adsorption due to its easier approaching to the --COO^- ligands in the saponified garlic peel partilces via charge attraction, and the appearance of Pb（HCit）; and Pb（Cit）- at pH above 3.0 inhibits the adsorption. Secondly, the real leach liquor was used for adsorption tests, and twice adsorption under the optimal conditons would decrease the residual concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn to zero. After elution by using 0.1 mol/L nitric acid, the adsorbed metals can be recovered and garlic peel can be reused for at least 10 cycles effectively. This study presents a prospective biosorption method for economical and efficient removal of the lead ions from soil washing wastewater with citric acid as the leaching reagent.
