The residual zonal flow in tokamak plasmas with a poloidal electric field

In a tokamak plasma with auxiliary heating by cyclotron waves, a poloidal electric field will be produced, and as a consequence influence the residual zonal flow(RZF) level. The poloidal electric field can also be induced through biasing electrodes at the edge region of tokamaks.Numerical evaluation for a large aspect ratio circular cross section tokamak for the electron cyclotron wave heating indicates that the RZF level decreases significantly when the poloidal electric field increases. Qualitatively, the ion cyclotron wave heating is able to increase the RZF level. It is difficult to apply the calculation to the real cyclotron wave heating experiments since we need to know factors such as the plasma profiles, the exact power deposition and the cross section geometry, etc. It is possible to use the cyclotron wave heating to control the zonal flow and then to control the turbulence level in tokamak experiments.

Generation of Zonal Flow and Magnetic Field by Planetary Waves in the Earth’s Ionosphere

Possibility of generation of large-scale sheared zonal flow and magnetic field by coupled under the typical ionospheric conditions short-scale planetary low-frequency waves is shown. Propagation of coupled internal-gravity-Alfven, Rossby-Khantadze, Rossby-Alfven-Khantadze and collision-less electron skin depth order drift-Alfven waves is revealed and investigated in detail. To describe the nonlinear interaction of such coupled waves with sheared zonal flow the corresponding nonlinear equations are deduced. The instability mechanism is based on the nonlinear parametric triple interaction of the finite amplitude short-scale planetary waves leading to the inverse energy cascade toward the longer wavelengths. It is shown that under such interaction intense sheared magnetic fields can be generated. Appropriate growth rates are discussed in detail.

Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,NE China

There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.

A Simulation of the Mid-and Low-latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields

A theoretical model of ionospheric electric fields at mid-and low-latitudes is developed.In the geomagnetic dipolar coordinate system,the ionospheric dynamo equations were solved,and the ionospheric electric potential and electric field were derived respectively.Major parameters for the model inputs,such as the neutral winds,the densities and temperatures of electron,ions and neutrals,are obtained from empirical models.The global ionospheric electrical potential and field at mid-and low-latitudes derived from our model are largely in agreement with the results presented by other authors and the empirical model.Using our model,it is found that the diurnal component of the HWM93 wind mainly contributed to the formation of the vertical electric field,while the semidiurnal component mainly contributed to the zonal electric field.Finally,by adjustment of the input F region winds and conductivities,most discrepancies between our model and the empirical one can be eliminated,and it is proved that the F region dynamo is the most significant contribution to the electric fields.

Zonal method solution of radiative heat transfer in a one-dimensional long roller-hearth furnace in CSP

A radiative heat transfer mathematical model for a one-dimensional long furnace was set up in a through-type roller-hearth furnace （TTRHF） in compact strip production （CSP）. To accurately predict the heat exchange in the furnace, modeling of the complex gas energy-balance equation in volume zones was considered, and the heat transfer model of heating slabs and wall lines was coupled with the radiative heat transfer model to identify the surface zonal temperature. With numerical simulation, the temperature fields of gas, slabs, and wall lines in the furnace under one typical working condition were carefully accounted and analyzed. The fundamental theory for analyzing the thermal process in TI＇RI-IF was provided.

Analysis of Anomalous Enhancement in TEC and Electron Density in the China Region Prior to the 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm Based on Ground and Space Observations

Total Electron Content(TEC)and electron density enhancement were observed on the day before 17 March 2015 great storm in the China Region.Observations from ground-and space-based instruments are used to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the pre-storm enhancement.TEC enhancement was observed from 24°N to 30°N after 10:00 UT at 105°E,110°E and 115°E longitudes on March 16.The maximum magnitude of TEC enhancement was more than 10 TECU and the maximal relative TEC enhancement exceeded 30%.Compared with geomagnetic quiet days,the electron density of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly(EIA)northern peak from Swarm A/C satellites on March 16 was larger and at higher latitudes.NmF2 enhanced during 11:30—21:00 UT at Shaoyang Station and increased by 200%at~16:00 UT.However,TEC and electron density enhancement were not accompanied by a significant change of hmF2.Most research has excluded some potential mechanisms as the main driving factors for storm-time density enhancements by establishing observational constraints.In this paper,we observed pre-storm enhancement in electron density at different altitudes and Equatorial Electrojet(EEJ)strength results derived from ground magnetometers observations suggest an enhanced eastward electric field from the E region probably played a significant role in this event.

中国主要含油气盆地油气地球化学特征研究

统计分析了我国14个主要含油气盆地或地区的主要油气化探指标强度及变异特征,提出了我国主要含油气盆地区域地球化学场划分准则。对我国主要含油气盆地区域地球化学场的变化规律进行了研究,指出了自西向东地球化学背景场渐渐降低,即区域地球化学背景场的分布和变化特征是:西部盆地为高区域背景场,中、东部和近海盆地为中等区域背景场,东北部盆地为低区域背景场的分布特征。变异性则不断增高,即自西至东由均匀场向非均匀场变化的规律。烃类湿度系数具有西干东湿的变化趋势。讨论了六盘山等盆地的分区场特征。

北太平洋风暴轴异常变化特征及其与纬向风场的关系研究

摘要本文通过对300 hPa5、00 hPa和850 hPa的北太平洋风暴轴(PST)的异常研究,分别提取出两个主异常模态进行比较。分析表明在三层的第一主模态都主要对应有PST异常的准10 a的周期变化;而对300 hPa和500 hPa的第二主模态,以及850 hPa的第三模态,对应有更长时间的趋势变化。进一步通过相关的分析,说明PST的异常从低层到高层的变化存在一定的一致性。通过PST与纬向风场在300 hPa的相关分析发现,两个模态与纬向风场的异常在空间上都呈同位相的分布,说明高层纬向风场异常与PST发展可能存在一种互相反馈的作用。进一步通过斜压增长率和水平两维的E-P通量矢的合成分析发现,这种反馈作用,无论从纬向风场异常所产生的环境斜压增长条件的改变,还是从平均动能与扰动动能的转化关系,都是存在的。

北半球1月和7月纬偏场遥相关结构分析

本文利用1951—1986共36年资料对北半球500hPa1月和7月纬偏场的遥相关结构进行了分析结果表明:冬季纬偏场的遥相关结构与位势高度场的遥相关结构一致,都存在5种呈经向分布的遥相关型。但在夏季,位势高度场中的遥相关现象不明显,纬偏场中却存在4种呈纬向分布的遥相关型。对比纬偏场1月和7月的遥相关结构,发现两者存在明显差异。

疏松砂岩气田分层采气的选井原则

生产实践证明,3层或3层以上分层采气工艺技术应用于柴达木盆地涩北气田疏松砂岩气藏开发效果好,可推广应用。但如何选井一直是开发生产中亟待解决的问题,这在一定程度上限制了该项工艺技术的推广。为此,从总结涩北气田合层采气井的开发生产特征入手,分析了分层采气增产机理,在此基础上,提出了针对该气田分层采气的选井原则,即:①多层合采气井层间跨度要低于极限层间跨度;②多层合采气井层数不能多于6层;③多层合采气井层间渗透率级差不能大于4。这些选井原则对涩北气田实现分层采气高效生产具有一定现场指导意义。

新疆哈图金矿地质地球化学特征及其成矿作用

哈图金矿产于特定的地质地球化学背景之上，受断裂构造及中酸性侵入岩控制。各时代地层及其组成岩石的金元素及相关元素含量低（金元素的浓集系数小于０．８），中酸性侵入岩金元素丰度值较高，断裂构造中金元素的含量最高。岩体－断裂－矿体三者是地质成矿作用的统一体。矿体中成矿元素具有垂直分带性。矿体的延深有大于延长的趋势。哈图金矿局岩浆期后中温热液矿床。

全球定常波对纬向平均风场和温度场的线性响应

本文应用一个定常态、线性原始方程三维谱模式模拟出全球200百帕定常波的结构特征。同时还考察了模式大气对纬向平均风场和温度场的线性响应。

海上油田斜井同心边测边调分注技术改进与应用

针对海上油田斜井同心边测边调分注技术应用中存在测调仪与测调工作筒对接成功率低、测调仪下井深度易发生误判、测调仪开收臂操作位置受限等问题,对测调仪的外部尺寸、导向与防转机构、深度磁定位模块、水嘴调节机构,以及测调工作筒的导向机构、扶正机构、排砂机构等进行了优化改进。试验井试验和现场应用结果表明,优化改进后的测调仪和测调工作筒对接成功率达95%以上,具有很强的适应性、可操作性和安全性,为斜井同心边测边调分注技术在海上油田的进一步推广应用提供了保障。

相山铀矿田成矿机理研究

本文重点研究了相山铀矿田的成矿时代及成矿环境 ,并剖析了典型矿床在垂向上物质成份的变化规律。研究结果表明 :相山矿田主要经历了两期铀矿化作用 ,第一期为铀 赤铁矿化阶段 ,成矿年龄为 1 1 5± 0 6Ma ;第二期为铀 萤石 水云母化阶段 ,成矿年龄为 99± 6Ma。两期成矿作用分别形成于不同的地质环境 ,第一期成矿作用主要与大规模火山塌陷及次火山岩侵位有关 ,第二期成矿作用则主要与因太平洋板块的松弛作用而形成的区域性伸展、裂解及中基性脉岩的活动有关。相山矿田的热液蚀变类型不仅在平面上存在东碱、西酸的演化趋势 ,而且在垂向上还存在上酸、下碱的演化规律。通过对相山矿田成矿机理的深入探讨 ,认为相山矿田是成矿元素多阶段富集、成矿热液多期叠加以及多种地质因素共同作用的产物。

1979～2013年西北太平洋地区海平面气压场季节转换时间的变化分析

采用1979~2013年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,借助线性趋势、距平、累积距平、Mann-Kendall突变检验及Morlet小波等方法分析了西北太平洋地区海平面气压场季节转换时间的长期趋势和多尺度周期变化特征。结果表明:海平面气压场一年中存在两次季节转变,20°N^50°N海平面气压场冬夏季节转变的时间在第20候左右,而夏冬季节转变发生在第51候。并且海平面气压场的季节转换时间存在纬度差异与经度差异。通过趋势分析,发现海平面气压场由冬季型转变到夏季型的时间存在显著的趋势变化,并且在近35年内是趋于提前,其气候倾向率为-0.33候/10 a;夏季型转换为冬季型的时间趋于延后,气候倾向率为0.25候/10 a。季节转换时间的Mann-Kendall突变检测结果表明,海平面气压场由冬向夏的转换时间在1997~1998年间发生了突变;夏季型转换为冬季型的时间尚未发现显著突变。最后通过对季节转换时间的小波分析与小波功率谱的显著性检验得出,冬夏季节转换的时间具有显著的15 a周期变化;夏冬季节转换时间8 a周期振荡最为剧烈。

动力负熵场及其在短期天气预报中的应用

把纬圈气流虚拟平衡态原理具体应用到短期预报中，因时效短的缘故，决定了虚拟平衡态应在低层大气中寻找，倘若时效达到一定天数（３～５ｄ），则平衡态应在中层大气中定义。按照涡动原理计算出动力负熵值，由动力负熵值构成动力负熵场（图），其由正熵区、负熵区、０值线三部分组成，正熵区为无降水区，负熵区又分为负熵有效区和负熵无效区，前者为未来的降水区域，降水强度与负熵中心值和梯度的大小成正比。

疏松出砂油藏防砂分注一体化工艺及其应用

在疏松出砂油藏的分层注水中,化学防砂有效期短,传统的机械防砂无法实现分注要求,针对这一难题,研究设计了防砂分注一体化工艺,达到了既防砂又分注的目的,解决了传统的分注和防砂结合难的问题,克服了化学防砂有效期短的缺陷。通过在胜利纯梁采油厂高青油田、正理庄油田的应用,证实了防砂分注一体化工艺的可靠性和优越性,为疏松出砂油藏的分层注水提供了有力的技术保证。

存储式超声流量计在配注井分层流量测试中的应用

介绍了存储式超声流量计的仪器结构、测量原理和特点。用现场实验结果检验仪器的实用性、可靠性和准确性。实际应用证实了存储式超声流量计应用于配注井分层流量测试的先进性和其良好的应用前景。

一次华东地区大范围持续雾过程的诊断分析

利用地面观测资料、高空探测资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2009年1月30日～2月10日华东地区大范围持续雾形成过程的特点、性质及环流背景;诊断分析了该雾过程中的水汽、动力等条件;同时还对比分析了该过程与2008年1月上旬我国中东部地区雾霾过程的差异。结果表明,该过程雾的性质主要为辐射雾,每天05:00～08:00最严重,整个过程分为3个时段,较严重的几天分别为1月31日和2月1,5,10日。该雾过程发生在中高纬处于纬向型环流背景下,西风气流平直,不利于冷空气南下影响我国中东部地区,华东地区基本上处于地面高压内的均压场中,气压梯度力小,近地面风速小,有利于雾的形成和维持。风及湿度等各物理量分布均利于此次雾的发生,即:地面风速维持在1～3 m.s-1、低层辐散、负涡度及垂直上升运动弱是形成雾的动力条件;低层相对湿度大、温度露点差小,对流层中层相对较干;低层逆温层的存在和大气层结稳定构成了稳定性条件。与2008年1月上旬我国中东部地区雾霾天气过程相比,此次雾过程以辐射雾为主,近地面风更小,相对湿度更大。

纬向平均的气候温度场特征分析

利用40aNCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料所给定的图,分析了季(月)平均温度场的纬向平均分布,得出了温度随高度的分布特征,温度随纬度的变化特征,温度随季节变化和时间演变的分布特征。