Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

Objective:To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(saline only),the model group(nicotine only),the EA group(nicotine+EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally),and the moxibustion group(nicotine+moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally).n=6 rats per group.On postnatal day 21,the body weight,lung weight,and pulmonary function were determined and lung morphometry was performed.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma andβ-catenin levels in the lung tissue of offspring were also determined.Results:Perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE)results in decreased body and lung weights of offspring rats,abnormal lung tissue morphology,and significantly altered pulmonary function,showing an increase in total airway resistance and a decrease in tidal volume,minute ventilation,total airway compliance,and peak expiratory flow.Bilateral EA at ST 36 acupoints could block all of these perinatal nicotine-induced effects.Although moxibustion also had protective effects in nicotine-induced offspring lungs,some of these effects did not reach statistical significance,e.g.,protection against the upregulation ofβ-catenin,the downregulation of PPARγsignaling,and the increase in peak expiratory flow.Conclusion:Maternal EA at ST 36 blocked the PNE-induced changes in key developmental signaling pathways,prevented the PNE-induced changes in lung morphology,and protected pulmonary function.Moxibustion at ST 36 showed similar but weaker protective effects against the PNE-induced changes in the exposed offspring.It is important to note that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of moxibustion at ST 36 may be different from those of EA at ST 36,and further research is needed to understand these differences.

Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of smokeinduced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE： Improvement in lung function was reported after acupuncture treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Because an immune response imbalance could be seen in COPD, we hypothesize that electroacupuncture （EA） may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and contribute to lung protection in a rat model of smoke-induced COPD. METHODS： A COPD model using male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups （control, sham, COPD, and COPD plus EA）, and COPD model was evaluated by measuring pulmonary pathological changes and lung function. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Zusanli （ST36） for 30 min/d for 14 d in sham and COPD rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-113 （IL-113）, and malonaldehyde （MDA）. RESULTS： Compared with the control rats, COPD rats had significant changes in lung resistance （R,） and lung compliance （C,） （both P〈0.01）, bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.01）, and levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β（P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences between the control and the sham groups. Compared with the COPD rats, the COPD plus EA rats had decreased R, and increased CL （both P〈0.05）, and reduced bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, respectively）, while levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MDA in BALF were lowered （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. However, TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the EA group rats remained higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： EA at ST36 can reduce lung injury in a COPD rat model, and beneficial effects may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may prolong the clinical benefit of EA.

Effects of pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) on heat shock protein 70 expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesions after neurotomy

Studies have shown that pre-moxibustion protects the gastric mucosa by up-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70. However, the signaling pathway underlying this effect remains unclear. Rats were intragastrically administered absolute alcohol, causing obvious lesion of the gastric mucosa. Following pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi （ST36） for 8 days, the ulcer index decreased to different degrees. The results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting showed significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa and serum. None out of transection of the spinal cord, damage to the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurotomy of the vagal nerve and neurotomy of the common peroneal nerve affected the decrease in ulcer index or the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in serum after pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi, and heat shock protein 70 expression was obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi can protect the gastric mucosa against lesioning, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves its induction of heat shock protein 70 expression. Neural pathways participate in the regulatory effects of moxibustion on heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa.

Electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) to improve lower extremity motor function in sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke A randomized controlled study of 240 cases

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that sensory transduction is a way to introduce needle sensation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of electro-acupuncture at the ＂Zusanll＂ （ST 36） point on lower extremity motor function in various sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, clinical study was performed at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Centre from September 2006 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Patients with first-time cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, or with a stroke history, but no neurodysfunction （single damage）, were selected for this study. The subjects were right-handed and disease state was stable. A total of 240 inpatients were randomly assigned to the following groups： electro-acupuncture （n = 124） and control （n = 116）. The two groups were further assigned into sub-groups： no sensory disturbance, superficial sensory disturbance, deep sensory disturbance, and deep and superficial sensory disturbance. METHODS： On the basis of routine limb function training, the acupoint Zusanliwas utilized in all patients from the electro-acupuncture group. Perpendicular acupuncture was 3.0-4.0 cm deep. An electric acupuncture instrument was connected when patients developed the needle sensation, deqi. A stimulation pattern consisting of distant and dense waves of 50 Hz was used to elicit slight dorsal foot extension. Acupuncture was administered 5 times per week, 30 minutes per session, for 6 weeks in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： FugI-Meyer assessment （FMA） was used to evaluate lower extremity motor function; Ver.1.0 gait analysis to estimate gait （step frequency, step speed, and step scope）; lower extremity Composite Spasticity Scale （CSS） to estimate muscle spastic degree. RESULTS： Following treatment, motor function improved in both groups. Compared with the control group, FMA score, step speed, step frequency, and step scope were increased in the electro-acupuncture group, but there was no difference in lower extremity CSS scores between the electro-acupuncture and the control groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control group, Zusanli （ST 36） electro-acupuncture improved motor function indices as follows： FMA score, step frequency, step speed, and step scope of patients with no sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, step frequency of patients with superficial sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）, and step frequency and step speed of patients with deep sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Zusanfi （ST 36） electro-acupuncture effects on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients were improved with no muscle tone rise. Therefore, this form of treatment can be used in convalescent treatment, Moreover, effects were different according to various sensory disturbance types, which suggested that sensory input influenced acupuncture effects.

Meta-analysis of neostigmine injections given at the Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint in thetreatment of postpartum urinary retention

Objective： We aimed to determine the effect of neostigmine injections given at the Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint whentreating postpartum urinary retention. Methods： We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlledtrials （RCTs） involving neostigmine injections given at the Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint for treating postpartum urinaryretention. We searched the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VipDatabase, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from the creation of the database to December 30, 2016. Bias riskassessment was performed using Revman 5.3 software from Cochrane based on the criteria set out in the CochraneHandbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. Results： Thirteen studies were included with 627participants in the treatment group and 584 participants in the control group. （1） Overall response rate： neostigmineinjections given at the Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint have a better curative effect than injections given in muscle, odds ratio（OR） = 8.74, 95% confidence interval （CI） [5.83, 13.10], Z = 10.49 （P 〈 0.001）; （2） Comparison of effects at differentdosages： （i） 0.5 mg of neostigmine Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint injection group has better effect than 1 mg of neostigmineintramuscular injection group, OR = 15.84, 95% CI [5.74, 43.72],Z = 5.34 （P 〈 0.001）, （ii） 0.5 mg of neostigmineinjection given at the Zusanli acupoint has a better curative effect than 0.5 mg of neostigmine injection given in muscle ,OR = 7.30, 95% CI [3.47, 15.34], Z = 5.24 （P 〈 0.001）; （iii） 1 mg of neostigmine injection at the Zusanli （ST 36）acupoint has better efficacy than 1 mg of neostigmine injection in muscle, OR = 7.76, 95% CI [4.46, 13.52], Z = 7.25 （P〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Neostigmine injections at the Zusanli （ST 36） acupoint have beneficial effects in treatingpostpartum urinary retention. However, the low quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis raises questions overthe reliability of the results. Further studies are still needed.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MOXIBUSTION AT ZUSANLI(ST 36) AND LIANGMEN (ST 21) INDUCING HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) EXPRESSION TO RESIST OXIDATIVE INJURY OF GASTRIC MUCOSA

To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.

TREATMENT OF OBSTINATE PEPTIC ULCER AND CHRONIC GASTRITIS WITH A METAL RING EMBEDDED IN ZUSANLI ACUPOINT

We had treated 102 cases of obstinate peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis with ametal ring embedded in Zusanli acupoint since October 1989 to October 1992,and got satisfactorytherapeutic effects.The total effective rate is 96.08%,the cure rate of peptic ulcer is 87.32%,therecurrence rate is significantly lower than that of control group(P【0.001),and it has no side-effect.

CONSTIPATION TREATED BY AURICULAR ACUPOINT PRESSING COMBINED WITH ACUPUNCTURE AT ZUSANLI POINT

This paper reports that 65 cases with functional constipation were treated by putting one Wang Bu Liu Xing (semen vaccariae) seed on each acupoint, Intestinum crassum, Intestinum tenue,Sympathicum, Lung, Spleen, Subcortex, of auricula and pressing, associated with acupuncture at Zusanli point on both sides. The patients were instructed to press the stuck seed twice a day for 3 to 5 minutes each time. Auricular acupoints of both sides were used alternately every 2 days. The electric acupuncture was applied at Zusanli points about 30 minutes each time every other day. Ten times (i. e. 20 days) make one course of treatment and the routine treatment consists of 1 to 2 courses. The results showed that all the patients were cured, patients with Shi Mi (the constipation of excess type) were cured after one course of treatrnent while Xu Mi (the constipation of deficiency type) were cured after two courses. The study suggests that this kind of treatment is an ideal therapy for functional constipation. The pathogenesis and mechanism of treatment of auricular acupuncture pressing associated with acupuncture at Zusanli point for constipation are discussed.

A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATION ON THE EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURING RENZHONG AND ZUSANLI ON THE NEURONAL ACTIVITY OF LOCUS COERULEUS IN RATS

In present work,the effects of acupuncturing Renzhong（GV 26）and Zusanli（ST 36）on the neuronal activity of Locus Coeruleus（LC）in rats were observed and compared.The resultsindicated that the central mechanism of promoting blood pressure（BP）by acupuncturing Renzhongwas related to the activity of LC;the influence of acupuncturing Renzhong on neuronal activity of LC was more obvious than that of acupuncturing Zusanli;and there was relative speciality between the acupoints.

Expression of ceramide galactosy transferase in sciatic nerve of rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy after electroacupuncture at Zusanli and Shenshu points

BACKGROUND： Ceramide galactosyltransferase （CGT） protein and mRNA expression defect can cause the abnormal morphology and slowing conduction velocity of peripheral nerve. Morphologic change and functional disorder of myelin sheath and axon appear when diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） occurs. Whether electroacupuncture at Zusanfi（ST 36） and Shenshu（BL 32） points can enhance the expression of CGT protein and mRNA in the DPN tissue？ OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanfi and Shenshu points on motor, sensory conduction velocity and CGT mRNA and its protein expression of sciatic nerve in rats with DPN. DESIGN： A randomized and controlled animal experiment SETTING ： Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese ＆ Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS ： Totally 60 healthy male Wistar rats of clean grade, aged 4 month, with body mass of 200 to 220 g, were enrolled in this study. Streptozotocin （STZ, Sigma Company of USA, Batch No. S-0130）. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Animal Experimental Center and Central Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese ＆ Western Medicine during February 2005 to March 2006. （1） Fifteen rats were randomly chosen,serving as normal group.AU the other rats were intraperitoneally injected once with STZ to develop experimental diabetic rat models. If fasting blood glucose was ≥ 15 mmol/L,sensory nerve and motor nerve conduction velocity of sciatic nerve was obviously slowed, tail-swaying temperature threshold was increased and myelinated nerve fiber of sciatic nerve changed, DPN models were successful. The successful model rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups： model group, control group（electroacupuncture at non-meridian-non-acupoint）and electroacupuncture group [electroacupuncture at Zusan/i and Shenshu points], with 15 rats each. The rats in the normal group and model group were untouched. In the electroacupuncture group （electroacupuncture at Zusanfi and Shenshu points）, Shenshu point （double） and Zusanfi point （double） were chosen referencing to The Atlas of the Rat＇s Acupoints. G6805- Ⅱ electric acupuncture apparatus was used, and current intensity was controlled at 20 min/time, once every other day, 12 times within 24 days. In the control group, the tip of rat-tail was stimulated, and the concrete procedures were the same as in the electroacupuncture at Zusanfi and Shenshu points. （2） Motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity of rats were detected with neuroelectrophysiology detector in the end of the treatment, and the expressions of CGT protein and mRNA of sciatic nerve were detected with immunohistochemical method and fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity. （2） The expression of CGT protein and its mRNA. RESULTS： All the 60 rats entered the stage of result analysis. （1） Comparison of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity of rats after electroacupuncture： Motor nerve conduction velocity of rats in the model group[（31.37±3.69） m/s], control group [（32.74±5.42） m/s] and electroacupuncture group [（41.30 ±1.15） m/s] was significantly lower than that in the normal group [（41.30±1.15） m/s, P 〈 0.01]; The sensory nerve conduction velocity of rats in the model group[（18.17±9.54） m/s], control group [（21.39±5.61） m/s]and electroacupuncture group [（35.81 ±4.59） m/s] was significantly lower than that in the normal group [（46.38± 6.32） m/s,P 〈 0.01]; The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity of electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than that in the model group [（38.04±2.01） m/s vs. （32.74±5.42） m/s,（35.81±4.59） m/s vs. （21.39±5.61） m/s,P 〈 0.01]. （2） Comparison of the expression of CGT protein of sciatic nerve of rats： The number of CGT positive cells of sciatic nerve in model group, control group or electroacupuncture group was significantly smaller than that in normal group [（9 770.33±1 461.73）, （10 588.13±1119.52）, （27 518.27± 9 078.29）, （37 769.67±4 021.81）/μm^2,P 〈 0.01]; The number of CGT positive cells of the sciatic nerve in the electroacupuncture group was significantly larger than that in the model group and control group （P 〈 0.01）. The number of CGT positive cells of sciatic nerve was close between control group and electroacupuncture group （P 〉 0.05）. （3） Comparison of CGT mRNA expression of sciatic nerve of rats： Ct value of CGT mRNA of sciatic nerve of rats in the model group,control group and electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than that in the normal group （13.75±2.60,14.81±2.80,11.67±1.75,9.30±0.98, P 〈 0.01 ）; Ct value of CGT mRNA of sciatic nerve of rats in the electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the model group and control group （P 〈 0.01）, and that was close between electroacupuncture group and control group （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： Electroacupuncture at Zusanfi and Shenshu points can increase motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity of rats with DPN. It might be associated with up-regulating the expression of CGT mRNA and its protein.

Adenosine triphosphate mediates the pain tolerance effect of manual acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in mice

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine,we delved into the adenosine triphosphate/peripheral purinergic P2X receptor 3(ATP/P2X3)receptor signaling system as an indicator of the body's energy state,commonly referred to as"Qi".METHODS:The tail-flick test was utilized to explore the impact of acupuncture on pain tolerance threshold(PTT)in mice,while also assessing adenosine(ADO)levels and adenylate energy charge(EC)at Zusanli(ST36).The study further investigated the dose-dependent effects of acupuncture on PTT and ADO levels at Zusanli(ST36).To shed light on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture's effects,the study examined the impact of ATP,a P2X3 receptor antagonist,and adenosine disodium on PTT following acupuncture administration.RESULTS:Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36)led to significant improvements in PTT in mice,with the most effective interventions being twirling for 2 min and needle retention for 28 min.These interventions also resulted in significant increases in ATP levels.The effects of acupuncture were further augmented by administration of different doses of ATP at Zusanli(ST36),and pretreatment with a P2X3 receptor antagonist decreased PTT.Adenylate EC peaked at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of ATP,and pretreatment with various doses of i.p.ATP 30 min prior to acupuncture increased PTT in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,pretreatment with an i.p.or intramuscular injection of adenosine disodium enhanced the effects of acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This research provides compelling evidence that ATP is involved in the regulation of PTT through acupuncture,revealing new avenues for achieving enhanced clinical outcomes.

Effects of moxibustion at"Zusanli"(ST 36)on oxidative stress and intestinal flora in aging rats

Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion at"Zusanli"(ST 36)on oxidative stress and intestinal flora in subacute aging rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of moxibustion in delaying aging.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group and a Zusanli group,with 10 rats in each group.Subacute aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose at dosage of 500 mg/kg in the model group and the Zusanli group,once a day for 42 days.In the Zusanli group,moxibustion was applied at bilateral"Zusanli"(ST 36),once a day,3 moxa cones at each acupoint,for consecutive 28 days.After intervention,the serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected by ELISA;the intestinal flora was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technique in each group.

针灸足三里穴位周围肌肉微循环的超声造影评估

目的探讨超声造影评价正常人足三里穴位针灸前后局部肌肉微循环情况的价值。资料与方法前瞻性收集2018年9月—2020年5月于福建医科大学附属第二医院超声科就诊的72例健康志愿者,分别于针灸前、针灸得气最强时、针灸后2h进行超声造影,观察胫前肌内微血管血流灌注情况,分析感兴趣区中的小动脉、肌肉组织和小静脉,获得时间-强度曲线和造影剂渡越时间(CTTs)。采用针灸者结合受灸者的客观评分标准评价针感。于针灸前、针灸得气最强时、针灸后2 h检测胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平。结果①针灸得气最强时,胫前肌动脉-肌肉间、肌肉-静脉间、动脉-静脉间CTTs明显缩短,与针灸前及针灸后2h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001),针灸前及针灸后2hCTTs差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②针灸得气最强时,志愿者血清内胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平升高,与针灸前及针灸后2h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001),针灸前及针灸后2h差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③针灸得气最强时,胃泌素、血浆促胃动力素、胆囊收缩素、胰泌素水平与胫前肌动脉-肌肉间、肌肉-静脉间、动脉-静脉间CTTs均呈正相关(r=0.360~0.702,P<0.001)。结论针刺足三里得气最强时,可造成骨骼肌周围微循环改变,导致CTTs明显缩短,同时也能促进胃肠道的分泌功能。

足三里-中脘合募配穴针刺对运动应激性胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜功能、氧化应激及炎症反应的影响

【目的】观察足三里-中脘合募配穴针刺对运动应激性胃溃疡大鼠的治疗作用及机制。【方法】将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、针刺组、奥美拉唑组,每组10只。除空白组外,其余各组大鼠均采用每日力竭游泳法构建运动应激性胃溃疡模型。成功造模后,针刺组选用足三里穴和中脘穴针刺干预,每日1次,每次10 min;奥美拉唑组大鼠每日游泳2 h前给予奥美拉唑肠溶片蒸馏水混悬液灌胃。连续干预7 d后,观察大鼠整体状态与行为学,Guth法计算胃黏膜损伤指数,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察胃黏膜病理形态,采用WST-1法、比色法和TBA法分别对应测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测血清中胃泌素(GAS)、生长抑素(SS),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)的含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)法检测胃黏膜组织表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、基质金属肽酶3(MMP3)、核因子红细胞系相关因子2(NRF2)、血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)和线粒体超氧化物歧化酶2(SOD2)、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10 mRNA表达水平。【结果】与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体质量增长缓慢,旷场试验中活动路程缩短、活跃度降低,胃黏膜溃疡指数显著升高,胃黏膜功能指标血清GAS水平升高、血清SS水平降低、胃黏膜组织中EGFR mRNA表达水平降低及胃黏膜组织MMP3 mRNA表达水平升高,血清中抗氧化物质SOD、GSH-PX水平显著降低,氧化产物MDA水平显著升高,胃黏膜组织中抗氧化基因NRF2、HO-1、SOD2 mRNA表达水平显著降低,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的血清含量与胃黏膜组织mRNA水平显著升高,IL-10的血清含量与胃黏膜组织mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),HE染色可见明显胃黏膜损伤;与模型组比较,针刺组、奥美拉唑组上述各指标均得到明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),HE染色可见胃黏膜损伤明显减轻。【结论】足三里-中脘合募配穴针刺可减轻运动应激性胃溃疡大鼠局部的氧化应激和炎症反应,减少胃黏膜损伤,改善大鼠情绪状态,维持大鼠整体活力。

附子理中汤联合足三里穴位注射配合循经热熨法对腹腔镜胃癌术后(脾胃虚寒证)患者胃肠激素、炎症反应、营养参数和血清MIP-3α、Stathmin的影响

目的:观察附子理中汤联合足三里穴位注射配合循经热熨法对腹腔镜胃癌术后(脾胃虚寒证)患者胃肠激素、炎症反应、营养参数和血清微管解聚蛋白(Stathmin)、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-3α(MIP-3α)的影响。方法:选择2021年1月至2023年3月该院收治的胃癌患者126例,分组方式为随机数字表法。对照组42例患者(脱落2例,最终纳入40例)给予常规西医治疗,观察1组42例患者(脱落3例,最终纳入39例)在对照组的基础上给予足三里穴位注射配合循经热熨法治疗,观察2组42例患者(脱落2例,最终纳入40例)在观察1组的基础上给予附子理中汤治疗。比较三组患者的临床疗效,记录肛门首次排气时间、首次经口进食时间和首次排便时间;术后1、15 d测定三组患者营养参数(血清血红蛋白、转铁蛋白和白蛋白),检测炎症反应指标[血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)]、胃肠激素指标[胃泌素17(G-17)、胃动素(MTL)]及MIP-3α、Stathmin水平。结果:观察1组、观察2组患者的总有效率分别为94.87%(37/39)、97.50%(39/40),高于对照组的75.00%(30/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而观察2组与观察1组患者总有效率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察2组患者肛门首次排气时间、首次经口进食时间和首次排便时间短于对照组、观察1组,且观察1组患者短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后15 d,观察2组患者转铁蛋白、血红蛋白和白蛋白水平高于对照组、观察1组,且观察1组患者高于对照组;观察2组患者HO-1、HIF-1α和IL-6水平低于对照组、观察1组,且观察1组患者低于对照组;观察2组患者G-17、MTL水平高于对照组、观察1组,且观察1组患者高于对照组;观察2组患者Stathmin、MIP-3α水平低于对照组、观察1组,且观察1组患者低于对照组,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:附子理中汤联合足三里穴位注射配合循经热熨法治疗腹腔镜胃癌术后患者,可减少炎症反应,调节胃肠激素和营养参数,降低Stathmin、MIP-3α水平,促进疾病康复,提高临床疗效。

Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

针刺合谷、内关、足三里联合药物治疗急性胆囊炎的临床研究

目的分析针刺合谷、内关、足三里联合药物治疗急性胆囊炎(AC)的效果。方法选择2021年3月至2022年3月郏县中医院收治的AC患者62例,按照随机数字表法分为A组(常规药物治疗)和B组(常规药物治疗+针刺合谷、内关、足三里),对比两组治疗有效率、并发症发生率、临床症状评分、胆囊指标、炎性因子指标、疼痛程度、生活质量评分。结果B组治疗有效率高于A组,并发症发生率低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后B组临床症状评分(厌食、黄疸、口苦、发热、便秘、恶心、腹痛)、胆囊指标(胆囊横径、胆囊壁厚度)、炎性因子指标[白细胞计数(WBC)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)]、VAS、PPI、PRI评分低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组生活质量评分(躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、活力、生理职能、生理机能、精神健康)高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AC患者在常规服用药物治疗的基础上联合针刺合谷、内关、足三里,能更好地改善患者临床症状、疼痛感,降低炎症指标、胆囊指标,在一定程度上降低并发症风险,提高患者生活质量。

坐骨神经胞外核苷酸酶在针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛中的作用

目的 探讨坐骨神经胞外核苷酸酶[CD39(NTPDase1)]在针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛中的作用。方法 将54只雄性大鼠随机分为9组,即空白组、踝关节炎性痛模型组、针刺组、坐骨神经腺苷三磷酸(ATP)水解酶抑制(ARL67156注射)+针刺组、坐骨神经CD39上调(三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶注射)组、坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制(噻氯匹啶注射)+针刺组、坐骨神经CD73特异性抑制(α,β-亚甲基腺苷5′-二磷酸钠盐注射)+针刺组、穴区CD39上调(三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶注射)组、穴区CD39特异性抑制(噻氯匹啶注射)+针刺组,每组6只。除空白组外,其余各组大鼠均采用注射完全弗氏佐剂建立佐剂性关节炎疼痛模型;造模48 h后,需针刺组大鼠针刺患侧“足三里”穴20 min,需注射药物组于针刺前20 min进行局部相关试剂注射。以大鼠患侧足底机械痛阈值和热痛阈值作为疼痛评价指标;采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)法和Western blot法检测坐骨神经以及“足三里”穴胞外核苷酸酶的表达。结果 (1)调节坐骨神经ATP水解酶活性:与空白组比较,踝关节炎性痛模型组和坐骨神经ATP水解酶抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05)。(2)调节坐骨神经CD39活性:与空白组比较,坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组和坐骨神经CD39上调组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05);与针刺组比较,坐骨神经CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05)。(3)调节穴区CD39活性:与空白组比较,穴区CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组和穴区CD39上调组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05);与针刺组比较,穴区CD39特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05)。(4)调节坐骨神经CD73活性:与空白组比较,坐骨神经CD73特异性抑制+针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显下降(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组热痛阈值和机械痛阈值明显上升(P<0.05)。(5)针刺对坐骨神经以及穴区CD39表达的影响:Western blot法检测结果显示,与空白组比较,踝关节炎性痛模型组坐骨神经CD39的表达显著增加(P<0.05);与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组CD39表达显著下调(P<0.05)。RT-qPCR法检测结果显示,与踝关节炎性痛模型组比较,针刺组CD39 mRNA表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论 坐骨神经局部CD39参与了针刺缓解大鼠踝关节炎性痛的机制,这可能与CD73联合促进胞外ATP向腺苷转化有关。

针灸气海、关元、足三里治疗结直肠癌化疗患者癌因性疲乏:一项随机对照试验

目的:观察针灸气海、关元、双侧足三里治疗结直肠癌患者化疗后所致癌因性疲乏(CRF)的疗效及其对肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:共51例接受化疗后出现CRF的结直肠癌患者纳入分析,随机分成两组,其中针灸组25例,对照组26例。两组患者均接受常规化疗,其中针灸组化疗期间配合针灸治疗,分别于化疗前1天、化疗第1~3天接受针灸治疗,每天1次,每次30分钟,两个疗程(对应两个化疗周期),共8次针灸治疗。主要疗效指标为Piper疲乏量表,次要疗效指标为中医证候评分、TNF-α含量。分别于随机化入组后的第一程化疗前,第二程化疗结束后及第二程化疗后2周进行评估。结果:Piper疲乏量表评分方面,随着针灸干预次数的增加,针灸组内患者Piper疲乏评分逐渐下降(F=67.425,P<0.001),说明随时间的推移,针灸组癌因性疲乏程度改善。与对照组比较,针灸组Piper疲乏评分明显下降(F=6.706,P=0.013),说明针灸组患者的疲乏程度改善显著优于对照组。中医证候总疗效方面,针灸组和对照组的有效率分别为68%、34.6%,针灸组有效率显著提高(χ^(2)=5.68,P=0.017)。其中,针灸组单项症状中的“体倦乏力”(χ^(2)=14.41,P <0.001)、“神疲”(χ^(2)=7.06,P=0.008)等单项疗效对比对照组亦显著性改善。针灸组治疗后TNF-α含量较治疗前下降(t=1.14,P=0.26),对照组治疗后TNF-α含量较治疗前上升(t=-1.02,P=0.31),呈现出针灸抑制CRF患者TNF-α含量的趋势。结论:针灸气海、关元、双侧足三里4穴减轻结直肠癌患者化疗致CRF的疲乏程度,改善“体倦乏力”“神疲”症状,且存在下调TNF-α水平的趋势,初步提示下调TNF-α促炎细胞因子水平可能是针灸治疗CRF的作用机制之一。