气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究

汽车试验场作为汽车开展道路测试的重要场所,用于验证汽车产品的品质以及可靠性。除了场地道路外,气象条件作为汽车道路测试的重要一环,在《GB/T12534-1990汽车道路试验方法通则》中也有明确要求,如:试验时应是无雨无雾天气,相对湿度小于95%,气温0-40℃,风速不大于3m/s。同时气象条件也作为试验场道路管控的重要依据,实时风速、雨量、能见度等信息为场地管理者发布限速、限行、封场等通知提供必要参考依据,直接影响道路测试安全管控的及时性。因此,文章从气象观测场的建设、气象服务、异常天气道路管控等方面开展气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究。

Research on Data Sharing between AutoCAD and MapGIS in Cadastral Database Construction

In the Second Chinese Country Survey, MAPGIS (Map Geographic Information System) is widely used all over the country in the Cadastral Database Construction. There are plenty original data is saved in the AutoCAD (Auto Computer Aided Design) data format. Therefore it is important to find a way which can exchange and share the data between AutoCAD and MAPGIS effectively and efficiently. In order to use MapGIS cadastral management system building cadastral database, it researched the current transformation methods between data of MapGIS and AutoCAD, including analysis defects of ObjectARX technology, southern CASS conversion interface, DXF file conversion. Combining the characteristics of MAPSUV data and southern CASS data, it found a data conversion method through the DWGdirectX control. This method actually read and wrote files provided by the library of MAPSUV and AutoCAD. This way avoids exchange process which can better transform the southern CASS DWG file containing graphics and attributes information to the SUV. The example which showed how DWG file transformed into SUV file. It improves the effectiveness and efficiency of conversion.

社会工作质性评估研究的回顾(1990-2003)对中国社会工作的启示

Objective: This paper reviewed and examined the quality of all the qualitative evaluation studies indexed by two key search terms of “qualitative” and “evaluation” in the Social Work Abstracts database from 1990 to 2003 against a number of criteria typically adopted in the field of qualitative research. The review led to a dissatisfactory finding of the low quality of many qualitative evaluation studies due to their insensitivity to the following issues: philosophical basis of the study, auditability (detailed documentation of the participants and data collecting procedure), biases (acknowledgement of biases and preoccupation, and steps to deal with them), credibility or trustworthiness (triangulation, peer checking and participant verification of the findings), consistency (reliability consciousness and audit trails), and critical interpretation of the data (alternative explanations, disconfirming evidence, and limitations of the study). It was recommended that researchers be cautious when utilizing findings from the published qualitative evaluation studies; that social workers be sensitive to the issue of quality when conducting qualitative evaluation studies; that researchers be critical when judging the qualitative evaluation studies in social work; that researchers develop a clear set of guidelines for qualitative studies; that social work training institutes design qualified qualitative research courses; that a database of social work in China be established; that researchers be engaged in more qualitative studies that demonstrate high quality; that myths in qualitative research be debunked; and that adequate training for social workers on qualitative evaluation studies be provided.

Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.From 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this area.The achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally visualized.China’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and management.The future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

PRACTICE AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RECONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS AND GARDENS

In this paper,the author sums up some essential knowledge from the practiceabout rebuilding traditional buildings and gardens in which the author has been engagedrecently.The view points are that one should discard the dross and select the essential,re-tain the symbolic form,grasp the overall style,embody local characteristics and space outthe distance of time and space between the new and old buildings.Finally,the author con-siders that the traditional form of buildings should not be used indiscriminately at allplaces in modern times.

Non Destructive 3D, 4D Microscopy and Mineral Phase Characterization in Industrial Minerals, Composites to Construction Materials

Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.

Nomogram for overall survival in ampullary adenocarcinoma using the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results database and external validation

BACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Currently,only a few cases have been reported,resulting in limited information on survival.AIM To develop a dynamic nomogram using internal and external validation to predict survival in patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma.METHODS Data were sourced from the surveillance,epidemiology,and end results stat database.The patients in the database were randomized in a 7:3 ratio into training and validation groups.Using Cox regression univariate and multivariate analyses in the training group,we identified independent risk factors for overall survival and cancer-specific survival to develop the nomogram.The nomogram was validated with a cohort of patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University.RESULTS For overall and cancer-specific survival,12(sex,age,race,lymph node ratio,tumor size,chemotherapy,surgical modality,T stage,tumor differentiation,brain metastasis,lung metastasis,and extension)and 6(age;surveillance,epidemiology,and end results stage;lymph node ratio;chemotherapy;surgical modality;and tumor differentiation)independent risk factors,respectively,were incorporated into the nomogram.The area under the curve values at 1,3,and 5 years,respectively,were 0.807,0.842,and 0.826 for overall survival and 0.816,0.835,and 0.841 for cancer-specific survival.The internal and external validation cohorts indicated good consistency of the nomogram.CONCLUSION The dynamic nomogram offers robust predictive efficacy for the overall and cancer-specific survival of ampullary adenocarcinoma.

The Construction Method for Solving Radial Flow Problem through the Homogeneous Reservoir

On the basis of similar structure of solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) boundary value problem, the similar construction method was put forward by solving problems of fluid flow in porous media through the homogeneous reservoir. It is indicate that the pressure distribution of dimensionless reservoir and bottom hole in Laplace space, which take on the radial flow, also shows similar structure, and the internal relationship between the above solutions were illustrated in detail.

Methods and Paths for Rural Collectively Owned Profit-oriented Construction Land Entering into Trading Market

On the basis of analyzing cases of existing rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,this paper put forward several thoughts,introduced methods and paths for rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,including reforming rural collective land property right system,cultivating new rural collective economy organizations,helping them to become market entities; improving various legal systems,making clear range of construction land entering into trading market; formulating scientific benefit allocation mechanism; establishing fair and transparent decision making mechanism.

Properties of Rapid Hardening Controlled Low Strength Material Made of Recycled Fine Aggregate from Urban Red Brick Construction Waste

In some cases of emergency backfill engineering projects, traditional backfill materials cannot meet the requirements of fast construction due to their long curing time. This study presents a new kind of rapid hardening controlled low strength material, which utilizes both rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste. Totally, sixteen mixtures were prepared for the experiment with different cement-to-sand ratios and water-to-solid ratios. The flowability and bleeding rate of fresh mixture were measured to evaluate its workability, and the compressive strength of hardened mixture was tested to evaluate its rapid hardening and mechanical properties. Test results indicate that rapid hardening controlled low strength material containing recycled fine aggregate from urban red brick construction waste can achieve the desirable flowability, but the bleeding rate increases with the increase of flowability. In addition, 2-hour compressive strength can reach 0.08 - 0.12 MPa, and 4-hour compressive strength is 0.32 - 1.54 MPa, which can meet the requirements of emergency backfill construction. At last, based on the derived compressive strength, a fitting model for predicting compressive strength evolution of this new rapid hardening backfill material is developed, which fits accurately with these experimental data.

Application of Farming Culture in the Construction of Eco-Park —A Case Study of Baiyunzhai Demonstration Eco-park in Chongqing City

Definitions and features of eco-park and theme park were introduced as well as their differences, it was proposed that by applying cultural themes suited to regional ecological resources in the construction of eco-park, the eco-park could achieve not only desired ecological benefits, but also social and economic benefits, and the optimal comprehensive benefits. Design of Baiyunzhai Demonstration Eco-park was taken for an example, integration of eco-park and farming culture was confirmed as the nature, principles of "adaptation to actual conditions, amended protection and construction of plant system" proposed, three functional areas of "Colorful Forest Belt, Yiyun Health Maintenance Zone, Lakefront Meditation Zone" are given on the basis of actual terrains, planning highlights and desired landscape effects expounded to promote the value of regional cultures in Chongqing by building Baiyunzhai Eco-park.

Melody Generator: A Device for Algorithmic Music Construction

This article describes the development of an application for generating tonal melodies. The goal of the project is to ascertain our current understanding of tonal music by means of algorithmic music generation. The method followed consists of four stages: 1) selection of music-theoretical insights, 2) translation of these insights into a set of principles, 3) conversion of the principles into a computational model having the form of an algorithm for music generation, 4) testing the “music” generated by the algorithm to evaluate the adequacy of the model. As an example, the method is implemented in Melody Generator, an algorithm for generating tonal melodies. The program has a structure suited for generating, displaying, playing and storing melodies, functions which are all accessible via a dedicated interface. The actual generation of melodies, is based in part on constraints imposed by the tonal context, i.e. by meter and key, the settings of which are controlled by means of parameters on the interface. For another part, it is based upon a set of construction principles including the notion of a hierarchical organization, and the idea that melodies consist of a skeleton that may be elaborated in various ways. After these aspects were implemented as specific sub-algorithms, the device produces simple but well-structured tonal melodies.

应用Charleston×东农594重组自交系群体构建SSR大豆遗传图谱

以美国半矮杆大豆品种Charleston为母本,东北农业大学高蛋白大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:10代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料,利用164个在亲本之间表现多态的SSR引物对群体进行了分析,构建了一张大豆遗传图谱。该大豆遗传图谱总长度1913.5cM,标记间平均距离为11.89cM。每个连锁群长度变动在0.4～309.5cM之间,连锁群上的标记数在2～28个之间。各连锁群上的SSR标记并不是均匀分布的,其中A1、C2、D1a三个连锁群存在标记密集区。与国内外已构建完成的5张大豆遗传图谱比较表明,该图谱与国外的大豆公共遗传图谱对应性较好。

Research on the Spatial Database Construction of Three-line Industrial Heritage Based on “One Map” of Territorial Space Planning —A Case Study of Mianyang Two-Bomb City

In the process of promoting the national territorial spatial planning system in all provinces, cities and counties, the geospatial database of “One Map” has realized the information sharing and collaborative work of multiple departments. Based on this, this paper intended to provide a set of standardized mapping models for industrial heritage storage, and through the establishment of the database to protect and reuse the status quo of industrial heritage research. This paper took the third-line construction industrial heritage of Mianyang “Two-Bomb City” as the research object, developed the relevant drawing standards of third-line industrial heritage database, and studied the database construction process. GIS technology is used to establish a geospatial database of the third-line industrial heritage in cooperation with the “One Map” system, in order to provide reference for the storage of the third-line industrial heritage in various places, and to protect and reuse the third-line industrial heritage from the perspectives of spatial factors, planning coordination and dynamic assessment.

Provincial Land Utilization Database Construction Analysis

According to the requirements of provincial land management operation, this paper introduced a method to build municipal land usage database on country level land usage database building. It realizes provincial land usage data updating, transfer and application management. This paper analyzed provincial land usage database construction requirements from data, software and hardware environment, database, etc. It also designed the mathematic base, land usage data feature, data dictionary and metadata. All the database construction process has been listed, including database configuration management, system optimization and security maintenance. at last, it presents some database applications which provides reference for the provincial land usage database construction.

悬索桥主缆施工控制与监测

分析悬索桥主缆施工过程中测量数据的影响因素及误差来源,介绍测量方法的应对调整方案。主缆线形基准索股测量无法使用几何水准,采取先进高精度测量全站仪器、只能单向三角测量,一台全站仪器进行单向三角测量如果出现粗差无法校对,同时测量的基准索股对温度变化、风力的大小、塔位的偏移等因素十分敏感,因此对测量方案进行调整,选择在无风或风力很小、温度稳定的夜间进行,用两台高精度的自动跟踪全站仪同步单向三角测量,使得测量任务能在短时间完成,满足悬索桥主缆施工控制精度要求。

Bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed genes associated with spinal cord injury:a microarray-based analysis in a mouse model

Gene spectrum analysis has shown that gene expression and signaling pathways change dramatically after spinal cord injury,which may affect the microenvironment of the damaged site.Microarray analysis provides a new opportunity for investigating diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of spinal cord injury.However,differentially expressed genes are not consistent among studies,and many key genes and signaling pathways have not yet been accurately studied.GSE5296 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus DataSet.Differentially expressed genes were obtained using R/Bioconductor software(expression changed at least two-fold;P < 0.05).Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes and Animal Transcription Factor Database for predicting potential transcription factors.The resulting transcription regulatory protein interaction network was mapped to screen representative genes and investigate their diagnostic and therapeutic value for disease.In total,this study identified 109 genes that were upregulated and 30 that were downregulated at 0.5,4,and 24 hours,and 3,7,and 28 days after spinal cord injury.The number of downregulated genes was smaller than the number of upregulated genes at each time point.Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery analysis found that many inflammation-related pathways were upregulated in injured spinal cord.Additionally,expression levels of these inflammation-related genes were maintained for at least 28 days.Moreover,399 regulation modes and 77 nodes were shown in the protein-protein interaction network of upregulated differentially expressed genes.Among the 10 upregulated differentially expressed genes with the highest degrees of distribution,six genes were transcription factors.Among these transcription factors,ATF3 showed the greatest change.ATF3 was upregulated within 30 minutes,and its expression levels remained high at28 days after spinal cord injury.These key genes screened by bioinformatics tools can be used as biological markers to diagnose diseases and provide a reference for identifying therapeutic targets.

中国远程与高等教育印象——访我国高等教育学泰斗潘懋元先生

潘懋元(1920-)教授,新中国成立之后我国高等教育学学科建立的倡 导者和奠基者之一,曾任厦门大学副校长。潘懋元先生现任全国高等教育研究会名誉 理事长、中国高等教育学会顾问、全国高等教育管理研究会顾问。 开放与远程教育研究惟有置于大教育背景之下才能获得科学发展的更大空间。对 这一宏观问题思考了许久的我在主编的授权下决意请潘先生担任本刊顾问委员会成 员,当然还包括教育学其他学科领域的顶级专家。2004年元旦前后,在没有任何人牵线 联系的情况下我试着与潘先生通了电话。先生听了本刊新的办刊思路之后回答说:《开放教育研究》这本杂志,我不 仅读过,而且感觉办得还很不错!本以为先生对远程教育并非了解的我,即刻没了与大家交流的距离。先生继续说: 开放与远程教育的前景我是十分看好的,我所带的博士生中就有专门研究网络远程教育现象的。对于一位未曾谋 过面的中国高等教育学泰斗,能在不足十分钟的通话中就欣然接受邀请,是我始料未及的。 2004年10月25日下午,在先生的学术秘书、博士生吴玫小姐的陪同下,我们准时来到潘老寓所的书斋就读者 关心的若干问题进行了一次面对面的谈话。

中国岩石圈数据模型总体设计

基于GIS的中国岩石圈三维结构数据库包含了数据类型各异的12个专业子库内容。存储和管理这些复杂的数据需要一个合理有效的数据模型,以确保数据库中的所有数据对象得到精确和完整的表达。本文讨论岩石圈数据模型的总体设计问题,基本思路是采用当前成熟的面向对象的软件开发技术和面向对象的地理数据库模型。总库数据模型需要满足扩展性和扩充性的要求。开发中用UML协助分析子库数据,在面向对象的地理数据库中用一个要素数据集来容纳一个子库的空间数据,用数据库表、要素类、关系类、子类、域等概念描述岩石圈研究中的各种概念和信息,形成统一的、空间和属性存储管理一体化的岩石圈数据模型。

Assessing the influence of highway and high-speed railway construction on local climate using Landsat images in karst areas

Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design.This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway,G76)and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR)in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces.The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes.In this study,the severity of the impact and the CO2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated.Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness)and heat fluxes(latent,sensible and ground heat flux)before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction;the amount of CO2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets,which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy.The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m3 and 20.1 m3 per kilometer,which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer,respectively.At the meantime,the average CO2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km,respectively.This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance,and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.