World-Universe Model—Alternative to Big Bang Model

This manuscript provides a comparison of the Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) with the prevailing Big Bang Model (BBM) of the Standard Cosmology. The performed analysis of BBM shows that the Four Pillars of the Standard Cosmology are model-dependent and not strong enough to support the model. The angular momentum problem is one of the most critical problems in BBM. Standard Cosmology cannot explain how Galaxies and Extra Solar systems obtained their substantial orbital and rotational angular momenta, and why the orbital momentum of Jupiter is considerably larger than the rotational momentum of the Sun. WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. To be consistent with this Fundamental Law, WUM discusses in detail the Beginning of the World. The Model introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.4 billion years) when only Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in Standard Cosmology is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning Dark Matter (DM) Supercluster’s Cores. WUM envisions Matter carried from the Universe into the World from the fourth spatial dimension by DMPs. Ordinary Matter is a byproduct of DM annihilation. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system;some problems in Solar and Geophysics [1]. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.

Dark Matter Cosmology and Astrophysics

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) envisions Matter carried from Universe into World from fourth spatial dimension by Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). Luminous Matter is byproduct of Dark Matter (DM) annihilation. WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from Beginning of World for 0.4 billion years) when only DMPs existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in standard cosmological model is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Supercluster’s Cores and annihilation of DMPs. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Mysterious Star KIC 8462852 with irregular dimmings;Coronal Heating problem in solar physics—temperature of Sun’s corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees;Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces;Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system and their Internal Heat;Lightning Initiation problem—electric fields observed inside thunderstorms are not sufficient to initiate sparks;Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes—bursts of high energy X-rays and gamma rays emanating from Earth. Model makes predictions pertaining to Masses of DMPs, proposes New Types of their Interactions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.

原、异位保存普通野生稻种质资源的遗传多样性比较研究

为了明确我国异位保存的普通野生稻是否能够代表原居群遗传多样性的完整性,利用SSR(简单序列重复)方法对江西省东乡县庵家山和水桃树2个普通野生稻居群的原、异位群体进行了遗传多样性比较研究。结果表明,庵家山居群原、异位保存群体的遗传多样性指数分别为0.5000和0.3555,异位保存群体的遗传多样性只有原位保存群体的71.1%,并且异位保存材料在聚类图中聚集在一起,仅为原位保护材料聚类图中的一个分支;虽然水桃树居群原、异位群体的遗传多样性指数分别为0.4100和0.4577,相差较小,并且原、异位保存材料在聚类图中混合聚类,似乎异位保存群体能够代表原居群的遗传多样性,但异位保存的14份材料在聚类图中有6份相邻的材料聚集在一起,说明异位保存取样时没有考虑野生稻植株的空间分布,属于重复取样,重复取样的比率高达42.9%。将2个分布点原、异位材料合并进行遗传多样性研究,结果与庵家山分布点的研究结果基本一致。据此推测我国保存的普通野生稻资源所包含的遗传变异相对较少,重复频率较高。建议进行普通野生稻遗传资源的再收集,并对已保存的野生稻种质资源进行全面鉴定,剔出重复样品。

嘉陵江流域坡耕地“生态农业旅游”垂直景观模式

从治理水土流失角度出发,提出了坡耕地“生态农业旅游”技术与示范。其垂直生态景观模式按坡度和等高线布置:在坡度大于25°的山坡顶形成水保林木区,坡上15°～25°的陡坡种植桃树,坡中5°～15°的斜坡种植枇杷,坡下小于5°的缓坡地带种植特种水果、瓜类及蔬菜,坡底形成“稻—鱼”和“藕—鱼”特色水域区。道路系统设计为环山而下的水泥主路、观景石板干路、埂边地界小路三级,道路两侧实施还林还草。“农家乐”型旅游接待自然分布在试验区内,同时在坡上建立旅游“一条街”、坡底试验旅游产业化经营。果园内实施多熟作物覆盖、间种套种。垂直生态景观产生了独特而丰富的景观效果,并具有较好的生态功能、经济功能和社会功能。

海南淡水龟类贸易现状与管理建议

2002–2004年,对海南野生淡水龟类贸易进行了调查。调查发现海南所有市县都存在野生龟类贸易,有野生龟类贸易的农贸市场22个,占调查农贸市场总数的19.6%;有野生龟类贸易的乡镇64个,占调查乡镇总数的65.3%;野生龟类收购点103个,野生淡水龟共489只。野生龟贸易所涉及的淡水龟类共10种,占海南淡水龟分布总种数的90%以上,其中3种是国家二级重点保护动物,6种是列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录II的物种。按照《中国濒危动物红皮书(两栖类和爬行类)》,1种为极危物种,8种为濒危物种,1种为易危物种。在个体数量方面,以锯缘摄龟(Pyxideamouhotii)、黄额盒龟(Cuoragalbinifrons)、四眼斑水龟(Sacaliaquadriocellata)和中华花龟(Ocadiasinensis)较多,平胸龟(Platysternonmegacephalum)、地龟(Geoemydaspengleri)、中华鳖(Pelodiscussinensis)较少,三线闭壳龟(Cuoratrifasciata)、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremysmutica)和山瑞鳖(Paleasteindachneri)极其稀少。龟类市场价格差异很大,从2002年到2004年,各种龟的价格都有不同幅度的上涨。分析表明:淡水龟类非法捕猎与贸易在海南普遍存在,过度捕猎对海南淡水龟类构成了严重威胁,而野生龟贸易则是导致过度捕猎的主要原因。本文在分析和探讨海南野生淡水龟类贸易的现状。

Solar System. Angular Momentum. New Physics

The most widely accepted model of Solar System formation, known as the Nebular hypothesis, does not solve the Angular Momentum problem—why is the orbital momentum of Jupiter larger than rotational momentum of the Sun? The present manuscript introduces a Rotational Fission model of creation and evolution of Macrostructures of the World (Superclusters, Galaxies, Extrasolar Systems), based on Overspinning Cores of the World’s Macroobjects, and the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. The Hypersphere World-Universe model is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with this Fundamental Law.

重寄生属植物及其在我国的分布、现状与保护对策

重寄生属(Phacellaria)植物共有8个种,其地理分布主要局限于东南亚和我国华南和西南地区的亚热带和热带山地森林中,其中我国分布有6个种。重寄生属植物的寄主仅局限于桑寄生科(Loranthaceae)和檀香科(Santalaceae)寄生藤属(Dendrotrophe)的植物。作者在查阅国内主要标本馆的馆藏标本、野外调查并结合已有研究报道的基础上,详细分析了我国重寄生属植物目前的生存现状,认为它们已经处于渐危或濒危的境地。造成重寄生属植物渐危或濒危的主要因素是森林过度砍伐导致的重寄生植物寄主种群密度的降低;与重寄生植物种子传播者啄花鸟类的生境片断化和数量的减少等也有密切的关系。重寄生属植物与其寄主、种子传播者啄花鸟类和生境中的其他生物形成了复杂的关系,是生物多样性的重要组成部分。因此,有必要对重寄生属植物进行保护。提出了保护重寄生属植物的生境、保护啄花鸟类和加强其生物学特性研究等保护对策。

清涧河流域的水文情势变化阶段及其特征

为探讨清涧河流域不同阶段的水文变化特性,分析流域水文变化的原因,通过定量指标结合定性原则,筛选了清涧河流域内的代表性雨量站,在此基础上,建立了具有一致性的1955—2002年的降水量序列资料;采用滑动平均和有序聚类分析方法,对选定的水文序列进行阶段划分,并统计分析各阶段降水、径流的变化特性;结合流域水土保持措施状况,进一步讨论引起流域水文变化可能的原因。结果表明:清涧河流域的水文序列可划分为3个阶段,分别为:1955—1979、1980—1989和1990—2002。与第1阶段相比,第2、3阶段汛期和年降水量呈减少趋势;第2阶段径流量小于第1阶段,第3阶段平均径流量大于前2个阶段。各阶段年降水量与径流量之间具有正相关关系,但点群散乱,相关性不好;各阶段暴雨特性和水土保持措施数量、质量的变化,是流域水文变化的主要原因。

矮牡丹濒危机制分析与保护对策

矮牡丹是中国特有的珍贵种质资源,全国现仅存有六个居群,主要分布于陕西,山西和河南交界的部分山区,居群内数量很少。其种群类型,形态特征,生长习性及濒危状况尚未详细研究报道。调查结果表明矮牡丹现有的生存环境已遭到破坏,生长发育缓慢,自然繁殖能力差。研究分析了矮牡丹在自然界的濒危机制,提出了建立矮牡丹自然保护区,促进自然种群的繁衍,设立人工繁育苗圃等保护措施。这对于保存中国濒危物种资源具有非常重要参考价值,对珍稀濒危植物的保护和合理开发利用具有实际意义。

中国植绥螨规模化饲养及保护利用研究进展

根据植绥螨食性的不同 ,可以采用叶螨、花粉和人工饲料等食物来培养植绥螨。规模化饲养植绥螨多用叶螨等害螨的寄主植物先繁殖害螨 ,然后在害螨中加入一些补充食物来大量生产植绥螨。张艳璇设计的袋栽法就是这样一套新的大量繁殖植绥螨的工艺方法。植绥螨的贮存目前都采用降低发育来实现 ,一般在 5～ 1 0℃的温度下能保存 5 0d以上。在田间按一定的比例释放抗药性的植绥螨 ,能够有效的控制二斑叶螨TetranychusurticaeKoch等害螨的发生。并且在地面鼓励种植覆盖作物、允许少量杂草生长或实行生草栽培 ,能够为植绥螨提供交替食物 ,从而更好地发挥生态控制功能的作用。

不同环节灌溉用水效率及节水潜力分析

以漳河灌区为例,在对灌区渠系进行等效概化的基础上,采用经验公式法进行不同工况下不同环节灌溉用水效率的分析计算。结果表明总干及干渠环节和分、斗、农渠环节的渠道水利用系数较大,而支干、分干和支渠环节的渠道水利用系数偏小,渠道断面大小、长度及防渗率是导致渠道水利用系数差异的主要原因。计算分析了不同条件下的灌溉用水效率阈值,达到相应阈值时的投资,以及净节水量和节水率,分析了投资与灌溉用水效率阈值及节水率的关系。表明随投资的增加灌溉用水效率及节水率均提高,但其过程符合报酬递减规律,且节水率的报酬递减速度更快。

8个栽培水杉居群遗传多样性的等位酶分析

水杉(Metasequoiaglyptostroboides)是我国特有的活化石植物,有 50多年的栽培历史。栽培水杉在多大程度上涵盖了野生水杉的遗传多样性,是评价水杉保育策略成功与否的关键所在。为了评估水杉栽培居群的遗传变异水平,作者采用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳方法对水杉的 8个人工栽培居群的等位酶变异和遗传多样性进行了研究。对 9个酶系统 23个酶位点的检测结果表明: 有 8个酶位点的等位基因频率分布差异非常显著,在 2个居群中存在稀有等位基因;平均等位基因数A=1.375,多态位点百分率PPL=33.15,平均预期杂合度He=0. 161。与孑遗居群相比, 栽培水杉的遗传变异水平偏低,表明栽培居群的遗传多样性不能完全涵盖孑遗居群。将采于潜江的 9个丛枝水杉(Metasequoiaglyptostroboidesvar. caespitosa)样品与分别采自潜江、武汉和上海的各 9个水杉样品的等位酶资料进行了UPGMA单株聚类分析,并将丛枝水杉作为一个居群与其他 8个水杉居群作UPGMA聚类分析,其结果不支持将丛枝水杉作为水杉的一个变种的分类处理。

From the Beginning of the World to the Beginning of Life on Earth

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology [1]. In this paper, we provide seven Pillars of WUM: Medium of the World;Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters;Creation of Matter;Multicomponent Dark Matter;Macroobjects;Volcanic Rotational Fission;Dark Matter Reactors. We describe the evolution of the World from the Beginning up to the birth of the Solar System and discuss the condition of the Early Earth before the beginning of life on it.

黔中喀斯特植被恢复过程中水土保持功能变化初步研究

以'空间代替时间'的方法,在黔中退化喀斯特植被区,选择不同植被恢复阶段地段建立径流场进行野外测定,结合室内实验分析,对试验区植被恢复过程中的0～15cm和15～30cm土壤物理性质、土壤持水性及土壤抗蚀性能进行了分析研究.结果表明:退化植被恢复过程中,植被对土壤物理性质的改良作用明显,相同土层深度,土壤容重为草本群落阶段＞灌丛灌木阶段＞乔林阶段,孔隙度为乔林阶段＞灌丛灌木阶段＞草本群落阶段;土壤自然含水量呈规律性变化:乔林阶段和灌丛阶段自然含水量与草坡阶段之比,0～15cm土层中分别是1.39和1.07,15～30cm土层中分别是1.30、1.04;土壤蓄水能力提高,非毛管持水率为乔林阶段＞灌丛阶段＞草坡阶段;土壤保土能力提高,相同土层深度、相同时段内,土粒的崩解速度为草坡阶段＞灌丛阶段＞乔林阶段.因此,退化植被恢复可显著提高其蓄水保土功能.

Hypersphere World-Universe Model: Evolution of the World

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the Evolution of a 3D Finite World (that is a Hypersphere of a 4D Nucleus of the World) from the Beginning up to the present Epoch in frames of World-Universe Model (WUM). WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. To be consistent with this Fundamental Law, WUM introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.45 billion years) when only Dark Matter (DM) Macroobjects (MOs) existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.77 billion years) when Luminous MOs emerged due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning DM Superclusters’ Cores and self-annihilation of Dark Matter Particles (DMPs). WUM envisions that DM is created by the Universe in the 4D Nucleus of the World. Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) carry new DM into the 3D Hypersphere World. Luminous Matter is a byproduct of DMPs self-annihilation. By analogy with 3D ball, which has two-dimensional sphere surface (that has surface energy), we can imagine that the 3D Hypersphere World has a “Surface Energy” of the 4D Nucleus. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems—how do they obtain it;Fermi Bubbles—two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center;Missing Baryon problem related to the fact that the observed amount of baryonic matter did not match theoretical predictions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements. In 2013, WUM predicted the values of the following Cosmological parameters: gravitational, concentration of intergalactic plasma, and the minimum energy of photons, which were experimentally confirmed in 2015-2018. “The Discovery of a Supermassive Compact Object at the Centre of Our Galaxy” (Nobel Prize in Physics 2020) made by Prof. R. Genzel and A. Ghez is a confirmation of one of the most important predictions of WUM in 2013: “Macroobjects of the World have cores made up of the discussed DM particles. Other particles, including DM and baryonic matter, form shells surrounding the cores”.

新建建筑围护结构的传热系数变化研究

对严寒地区新建建筑围护结构的干燥过程进行了模拟,建立了不同干燥时期的热质耦合传递质能平衡方程,确立了围护结构各层多孔介质材料导热系数随含湿量和结冰量的变化关系,对围护结构传热系数的变化情况进行了模拟,分析了新建建筑传热系数随着围护结构不断干燥的逐年变化规律。模拟结果表明:在严寒地区,新建建筑围护结构冬季的传热系数由于内部含湿量结冰要高于夏季围护结构传热系数,但围护结构冬季传热系数逐年下降,尤其前三年下降较明显。

濒危药用植物桃儿七的生物学特性及其保育措施

桃儿七为重要抗癌药物前体物来源物种,现正处在濒危状态,已被列为国家三级保护植物。本文全 面地综述了桃儿七的生物学特性,包括外部形态、地理分布、系统位置、生态学和群落学特性、发育生物学、繁 殖生物学、植物化学、细胞组织培养和内生真菌研究以及遗传学等研究。最后分析了引起桃儿七濒危的原因, 并提出了具体保育措施和研究展望。

Causality Is Logically Definable—Toward an Equilibrium-Based Computing Paradigm of Quantum Agent and Quantum Intelligence (QAQI) (Survey and Research)

A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed;bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning;bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introdused as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with regularity, it is shown that equilibrium-based bipolar causality is logically definable using BDL and BQLA for causal inference in physical, social, biological, mental, and philosophical terms. This finding leads to the paradigm of QAQI where agents are modeled as quantum enssembles;intelligence is revealed as quantum intelligence. It is shown that the enssemble formation, mutation and interaction of agents can be described as direct or indirect results of quantum causality. Some fundamental laws of causation are presented for quantum agent entanglement and quantum intelligence. Applicability is illustrated;major challenges are identified in equilibriumbased causal inference and quantum data mining.

依托世行项目 实现可持续发展——山西省黄土高原水土保持世行贷款项目建设概述

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