AI赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价

人工智能正在改变整个人类社会,丰富人们的文化生活,促进科技创新与发展,是各行各业“新质化”的促进剂。人工智能可为哲学社会科学提供高效的研究工具和研究场景,将深刻影响哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价的方方面面。加速人工智能在哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价领域的深入应用,提升哲学社会科学研究效率,促进哲学社会科学的创新与发展,构建自主知识体系,是当下哲学社会科学工作者的重要使命。为推进AI赋能哲学社会科学(AI4SS),2024年9月28日,由西华大学、四川省社会科学学术期刊协会主办,西华大学学术期刊部、四川省社会科学重点研究基地四川学术成果分析与应用研究中心承办的“AI赋能社科研究与评价天府论坛”在西华大学举行。来自南京大学、中国人民大学、四川大学等高校与科研机构的20位专家学者,从不同学科、研究领域出发,就人工智能赋能哲学社会科学研究、传播及评价进行了深入交流。文章为20位专家学者在论坛上所作报告的主要观点。这些报告议题包括AI赋能人文社科研究方法的变革,法学、教育学、经济学、图书情报学、新闻传播等社会学科视域下的人工智能,AI辅助社会科学研究的学术伦理,人工智能在医疗健康、大宗商品价格风险监测、大学生高阶思维能力培养等方面的应用,AI赋能学术期刊出版与传播,AI赋能哲学社会科学评价新模式、新平台、新场景,等等。这些议题共同描绘了一个由AI技术驱动的多学科融合与创新的新时代。

The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)

The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

Research integration for health sciences libraries

This article is a case study of an innovative academic health sciences library initiative that describes the planning and events in the inaugural year of a new library research program. In response to emerging trends in health sciences libraries to increase research skills of librarians in order to foster expanded research integration within the health sciences disciplines,the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library established an EXPERT Research Initiative. This new program is part of the strategic planning for the future of the library and is focused on three primary goals： expanding the library＇s research portfolio,building librarians＇ research skills and competencies,and increasing the library＇s research visibility. The article highlights five library projects that illustrate the different kinds of research collaborations librarians are engaged in with health sciences faculty,researchers,clinicians,and students.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

The Physical Universe and the Theoretical Value of Science:Reflections on the Thought of G.Leopardi

The essay has two main purposes.The first consists of discussing some literary and philosophical thoughts on the epistemological value of science by one of the most famous and celebrated poets in Italian literature,Giacomo Leopardi.The poet firmly believes in the cognitive power of science,capable of revealing false beliefs with the light of reason.However,in his mature reflections,what will radically change will not be the value of scientific activity itself,always admirably accepted,but rather its true salvific force.Leopardi was not a scientist,but he used the scientific culture of his time to critically address the great existential themes of man concerning nature and the universe.He had amply demonstrated a scientific culture since his youthful'History of Astronomy',which would reappear in many of his other literary works.His deep and meditative reflections on the nature of finite and infinite space and time are a clear and fruitful testimony to this.However,Giacomo writes icastically,reason alone is not enough;it needs imagination.The second concerns a first reconstruction of the influence that the philosophy of Enlightenment had on Leopardi’s thought especially in relation to these topics:atheism,rejection of providentialism and anthropocentrism,the conception of nature,the question of the relationship between human and animal intelligence,the rejection of metaphysics,the importance of scientific knowledge.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

Research and Evolution Based on Library and Information Science in China

Contemporary society is an information society with highly developed information.Its network and digital characteristics are bringing tremendous changes to the whole society.China's library and information science is no exception,and its research content is also expanding.It is a core journal that can reflect the actual situation of research in the subject area and conduct academic exchange as an authoritative representative of a certain subject area.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to conduct comprehensive research based on the development history of library and information science,quantitative and qualitative analysis of academic journal articles,research related topics and keywords,not only to further understand library and information science,but also to accumulate knowledge of library and information science,and also through scientific development trend,based on the experience summarized by the predecessors,allows us to more fully recognize the important role of library science and information science,and to improve the theoretical literacy and research level of relevant researchers.At this stage,it is even more necessary for researchers to look at and study library and information science with a developmental perspective?Based on this,the article mainly analyzes the research significance of library and information science,and analyzes the output of China,s library and information science journals.It uses Ucinet software to visualize the main research hotspots,and finally analyzes the dynamic factors affecting the research of library and information science in China in order to provide a reference.

Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science(CJLIS) 正式更名为Journal of Data and Information Science(JDIS)

经国内外专家深入探讨和反复论证,经主管、主办单位同意,经国家新闻出版广电总局正式批准(新广出审[2015]1187号文),由中国科学院文献情报中心主办的Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science(《中国文献情报(英)》,CJLIS)将于2016年起正式更名为Journal of Data and Information Science(《数据与情报科学学报(英)》,JDIS)。作为国内唯一的图书馆学情报学领域英文学术期刊,CJLIS自2008年创刊以来,以刊发符合国际规范的高水平学术研究论文、推动中国图书馆学情报学学科发展为己任,组织优秀稿源、坚守学术规范、推动开放获取、严控评议流程,赢得了业界的充分肯定和广

基于BERT-LDA的国外LIS领域学科交叉研究演化分析与前沿主题识别

识别学科交叉研究的前沿主题,并对演化趋势进行分析,有助于揭示学科交叉融合的方向,为未来创新性、突破性研究提供参考。首先,基于引文视角构建测度论文学科交叉性的指标,识别具有学科交叉性的研究论文;其次,通过BERT-LDA模型识别研究主题,利用余弦相似度计算主题之间的相似度,构建主题演化路径;最后,基于新颖度、增长性、关注度、影响力构建前沿主题识别指标体系,识别具有前沿性的学科交叉研究主题。以图书情报学(Library and Information Science,LIS)为例展开研究,研究结果显示,2004—2023年该学科领域的交叉研究主题呈现出逐渐细化和深入的特点,主要集中在信息挖掘与知识发现、互联网信息行为、医疗信息学3个方面;现阶段学科交叉研究前沿主题为医疗数据模型、舆情治理与情感分析、机器学习与深度学习;基于信息技术的研究方法和其在不同领域的应用研究具有良好的应用前景,有可能成为未来LIS领域的核心研究主题。

Combinatorial Synthesis and High-Throughput Characterization of Microstructure and Phase Transformation in Ni-Ti-Cu-V Quaternary Thin-Film Library

Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys(SMAs)have found widespread use in the last 70 years,but improving their functional stability remains a key quest for more robust and advanced applications.Named for their ability to retain their processed shape as a result of a reversible martensitic transformation,SMAs are highly sensitive to compositional variations.Alloying with ternary and quaternary elements to finetune the lattice parameters and the thermal hysteresis of an SMA,therefore,becomes a challenge in materials exploration.Combinatorial materials science allows streamlining of the synthesis process and data management from multiple characterization techniques.In this study,a composition spread of Ni-Ti-Cu-V thin-film library was synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si wafer.Composition-dependent phase transformation temperature and microstructure were investigated and determined using high-throughput wavelength dispersive spectroscopy,synchrotron X-ray diffraction,and temperature-dependent resistance measurements.Of the 177 compositions in the materials library,32 were observed to have shape memory effect,of which five had zero or near-zero thermal hysteresis.These compositions provide flexibility in the operating temperature regimes that they can be used in.A phase map for the quaternary system and correlations of functional properties are discussed w让h respect to the local microstructure and composition of the thin-film library.

英国高校科研数据共享实践及其启示——以罗素大学集团为例

文章以英国罗素大学集团为研究对象,通过网站调研梳理其成员高校的科研数据共享实践情况、服务内容及效果,总结其服务特点,并探讨其对我国高校科研数据共享服务的启示,即制定数据共享服务政策,推动校内部门协同合作;提升服务理念,渐进式扩展服务内容;培育馆员数字素养,构建专业化服务团队;拓展服务方式,提高科研人员数据共享能力。

以NSTL网络服务系统为依托开展医学数字化文献服务

国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library以下简称NSTL),是根据国务院领导的批示于2000年6月12日组建的一个虚拟的科技文献信息服务机构.NSTL成立后,利用信息网络技术,根据国家科技发展需要,按照"统一采购、规范加工、联合上网、资源共享"的原则,采集、收藏和开发理、工、农、医各学科领域的科技文献资源,构建了国家科技文献保障体系,面向全国开展科技文献信息服务[1].中国医学科学院图书馆是NSTL医学图书馆,在NSTL信息专项经费的支持下,期刊及连续出版物订购量逐年上升,2004年外文纸本期刊已达2400种左右,中文纸本期刊也达1000余种,馆藏更为丰富;另外NSTL还为医科院图书馆配置了多台文献数字化设备,促进了医学图书馆数字资源的建设与发展.中国医学科学院图书馆也是卫生部全国医学文献资源共享网络的国家中心图书馆,有了NSTL支持,医学文献资源共享又显示出新的生命力[2].如此丰富的医学信息资源,怎样才能高效地为全国用户所利用,让国家的投资点点滴滴用在实处,也是摆在NSTL医学图书馆面前的严峻课题.经过调研,NSTL医学图书馆进行了医学数字化文献推送服务模式的探索.

践行科学方法的科学教育

通过探讨科学方法的内涵、类型与结构,对科学方法有整体的、全面的了解,并对科学方法形成的理论与实践基础的构建提供了学科基础架构与实践依据.同时,对西方自古希腊到现代科学时期科学方法论的发展情况按历史的脉络进行了梳理,清晰地呈现出科学方法论的演进过程;对中国古代科学方法特点的描述,凸显中国科学方法论的独特之处,为我们理解科学方法论体系提供中国元素.在此基础上,揭示科学方法论对科学研究的重要意义及对科学教育的价值,显示科学方法论在科学教育中必须引起高度的关注和教学中的有效落地.科学方法论在科学教育中对途径的多方面阐释,提供了教学实施中多样的教学方式方法,并强调了学生在科学教育中习得科学方法必备的基本素养和必要的知识和能力要求.

通用人工智能时代信息资源管理学科的发展方向

本文梳理了人工智能与通用人工智能的70年发展历史,回顾了信息资源管理的50年历程,剖析通用人工智能对信息资源管理知识体系、教育体系、事业体系的深刻、多面的影响,并为信息资源管理在通用人工智能时代的发展方向提出三点建议。

一级学科更名背景下档案学专业认同的路径建构

随着数智时代的来临,一级学科“图书情报与档案管理”更名为“信息资源管理”,本次更名后档案学将迎来新的机遇,学科内涵和外延将有效拓宽,但也面临着专业特色消失、学科地位弱化等危机。档案学专业学生的数量和质量是学科长久发展的生命线和本质要求,这就要提高档案学专业认同。梳理档案学科的一级学科归属,分析更名后对于提升专业认同的优势条件,提出固本培元——社会认同、守正创新——行业认同、以生为本——学生认同的专业认同路径。

试论党的三代领导核心的科技思想

以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民同志为核心的党的三代领导集体,坚持用马克思列宁主义科学技术观,客观分析我国社会主义现代化建设实践中的问题,形成了系统、完整的科技思想与指导方针。科学技术成为第一生产力是党的三代领导核心科技思想的灵魂,科技工作与经济社会发展紧密结合是党的三代领导核心科技思想的核心,科教兴国战略是党的三代领导核心科技思想的结晶。在党的三代领导核心科技思想的指引下,不仅推动了我国科技事业的发展,而且有力地促进了我国经济和社会的发展。

习近平文化思想视域下坚守中国哲学社会科学之“魂脉”——关于哲学社会科学与中国特色意识形态问题探讨

“加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学”重大论断提出以来,在理论研究和实践探索方面都取得了众多成就,但也存在研究持续性和稳定性不足、问题导向不够明确、“中国特色”全面形成进程缓慢等问题。习近平文化思想为加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学提供了科学理论指南和根本行动遵循。马克思主义“魂脉”与中华优秀传统文化“根脉”,分别形成了加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学的意识形态和文明形态。中国特色哲学社会科学的“魂脉”就是对具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态的牢牢把握与坚守。中国共产党一贯重视哲学社会科学和意识形态工作。改革开放以来,意识形态领域长期面临风险挑战。党的十八大以来,意识形态形势发生全局性、根本性转变。加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学,要准确把握意识形态工作形势与工作定位,在坚持哲学社会科学“中国特色”的基础上,理直气壮、旗帜鲜明地批判“非意识形态化”“意识形态终结论”等错误思潮,以社会主义意识形态引领哲学社会科学、以哲学社会科学巩固社会主义意识形态。习近平文化思想为建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态和加快建构中国特色哲学社会科学提出了具体的谋划和部署,包括健全党的创新理论工作体系、全面落实意识形态工作责任制、推动理想信念教育常态化制度化、广泛践行社会主义核心价值观、加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学、打造全媒体主流传播格局、健全网络综合治理体系七个方面,要从广义意识形态层面加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学,坚守好中国特色哲学社会科学的马克思主义“魂脉”,提升与我国综合国力和国际地位相匹配的中国特色哲学社会科学话语权。

Graduate education of library science in China:Current status and recommendations for improvement

More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS graduate education was also facing enormous challenges stemming from the dynamic development and wide applications of information technologies into the pedagogical arena of teaching and learning at all levels.Social evolution also made it necessary for LS educators to re-examine once again their graduate education model,curricular composition,educational philosophy and educational missions.In analyzing the present situation of LS graduate education in China,this paper focuses on the following issues:1)Growing size of LS graduate education(quantity and quality);2)educational objectives,including research direction and placement for graduates;3)structure of knowledge and curricular construction;4)conditions of administering a library school of high quality and 5)the management of teaching resources.The keystone of this paper is to pinpoint where current library science curricular deficiencies are lying.It is hoped that more serious scholarly discussions and perhaps also even concerted efforts among LS scholars and library practioners may be evoked in having the graduate education system of library and information science thoroughly realigned for the informational needs of the 21st century.

李继先:不该被忽视的图书馆学人

李继先是文华图专1930届毕业生,在校学习期间即参加中华图书馆协会第一次年会提出并通过与图书馆图书互借和图书馆学术用语相关的法案;在图书馆实务和国外图书馆论文译介方面成绩显著,他关注图书馆杂件和小册,是迄今为止唯一一位在这方面作过专门研究和详细论述的图书馆学者,推动了我国图书分类法的进步;其与房兆楹协同创办的《图书馆学周刊》是民国时期为数不多的依托报纸发行的图书馆学期刊之一。文章系统梳理了李继先在民国时期的图书馆活动,对助力当代图书馆业务实践及学术研究发展有一定意义。

An Informetric analysis of web citation in Chinese journals of Library and Information Science in recent years

This paper selects 998 articles as its data sources from four Chinese core journals in the field of Library and Information Science from 2003 to 2007.Some pertinent aspects of reference citations particularly from web resources are selected for a focused analysis and discussion.This includes primarily such items as the number of web citations,web citations per each article,the distribution of domain names of web citations and also certain aspects about the institutional and/or geographical affiliations of the author.The evolving situation of utilizing online networked academic information resources in China is the central thematic discussion of this study.The writing of this paper is augmented by the explicatory presentation of 3 graphic figures,6 tables and 18 references.