Enhanced PAPR in OFDM without Deteriorating BER Performance

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is vastly used in wireless networks. Its superiority relies on the fact that information can be split in large amount of frequencies. Each frequency is called information subcarrier. OFDM exhibits excellent annotation in channel fades and interferers as only a few subcarriers can be affected and consequently a small part of the original data stream can be lost. Orthogonality between frequencies ensures better spectrum management and obviates the danger of intersymbol interference. However, an essential problem exists. OFDM systems have high peak to average power ratio. This implies large fluctuations in signal power, ending up in increasing complexity of ADCs and DACs. Also, power amplifiers must work in a larger linear dynamic region. In this paper we present two new techniques for reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), that can be added in any OFDM system and we compare them with other existing schemes.

Frequency Synchronization in OFDM System

An accurate frequency synchronization method using the zadoff-chu (ZC) constant envelop preamble is analyzed, and a new preamble weighted by pseudo-noise sequence is used for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Using this method, frequency offset estimator range is greatly enlarged with no loss in accuracy. The range of the frequency estimation is ±30 of subcarrier spacing using ZC sequence as preamble. Simulations in the MATLAB for an AWGN channel show that the proposed method achieves superior performance to existing techniques in terms of frequency accuracy and range.

Design of OFDM Transceiver for LTE System—A Survey

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the latest technology in wireless communication. It is being used because of its peak data rate and spectral efficiency. LTE uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology for radio transmission and reception in downlink. OFDM is a multicarrier modulation and multiplexing technique to improve data rate, spectral efficiency and minimize the problem of fading and ISI (Inter Symbol Interference). Many transceivers design have been designed for OFDM system to minimize error and maximize throughput of the information being transmitted and received at the system. The purpose of this article is to present a survey of the published literature which deals with various OFDM transceiver design, focusing on the merits and demerits of the corresponding OFDM transceiver design.

深度学习辅助的5G OFDM系统的信道估计

传统的信道估计算法难以满足5G系统中的高速率低时延的需求。针对该问题,将通信信道的时频响应视为二维图像,提出了一种基于图像恢复技术的信道估计方法。首先,设定参数产生基于5G新空口(New Radio,NR)标准的物理下行链路共享信道(Physical Downlink Shared Channel,PDSCH)的信道数据信息数据集,将所产生的信道矩阵看作二维图像;然后,构建基于卷积神经网络的图像恢复网络,并融入残差连接来提高网络的性能;最后,利用训练好的网络模型进行信道估计。仿真结果表明,与最小二乘算法(Least Square,LS)、实际信道估计(Practical Channel Estimation,PCE)和基于图像超分辨率ChannelNet网络相比,所提出的信道估计算法性能提升明显。

Distributed Relay Diversity Systems for OFDM-Based Networks

In this paper, distributed relay diversity systems are analyzed, modeled and evaluated in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based networks. The investigated distributed relay diversity schemes extend the ideas of a single hop transmit antenna schemes such as Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD), Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD), transmit Coherent Combining (CC) and Selection Diversity (SD) to distributed diversity systems. In contrast to the classical single hop system, the antennas in the distributed systems belongs to distributed relays instead of being co-located at the transmitter. The distributed relay diversity methods considered in this paper: Relay CDD (RCDD), Relay Alamouti (i.e.STTD), Relay CC (RCC) and Relay SD (RSD) are compared to the traditional 1-hop system. Analytical expressions for the received Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) are derived and used in a dynamic multi-cell multi-user simulator. Results show considerable SINR gains for both Round Robin and Max-SINR schedulers. The SINR gains translate into substantial cell throughput gains, up to 200%, compared to 1-hop systems. Despite its low complexity, the RCDD scheme has similar performance to that of other more sophisticated 2-hop schemes such as Relay Alamouti and Relay Coherent Combining. Marginally better results are observed for the Relay Selection Diversity scheme.

基于深度学习的下行大规模MIMO OFDM系统的1比特预编码算法

大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中通过在基站端配备数百根天线,在提高频谱利用效率的同时,也带来了系统成本的增加。本课题组之前提出了一种适用于下行大规模MIMO正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的收敛保证的多载波1比特预编码算法(CG-MC1bit),能够获得较优的系统性能,但相应的计算复杂度较高,阻碍了其在实时系统中的应用。为进一步解决大规模MIMO系统中的成本和功耗问题,该文提出了一个模型驱动的神经网络,在CG-MC1bit算法的基础上迭代展开(Unfolding)得到了一种更加高效的CG-MC1bit-Net算法。具体而言,将迭代算法展开为一个神经网络,并引入可训练的参数来替代前向传播中的高复杂性操作。实验结果表明,该方法能够自动更新参数,与传统的预编码算法相比,收敛速度更快,计算复杂度更低。

Reduction PAPR of OFDM Signals by Combining Grouped DCT Precoding with PTS

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the serious problems in the application of OFDM technology. In this paper, an improved partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme based on combining the grouped discrete cosine transform (DCT) with PTS technique is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the adjacent partitioned data are firstly transformed by a DCT into new modified data. After that the proposed scheme utilizes the conventional PTS technique to further reduce the PAPR of the OFDM signal. The performance of the PAPR is evaluated using a computer simulation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme may improve the PAPR performance compared with the conventional PTS scheme, the grouped DCT scheme, and original OFDM respectively.

Time Domain Synchronous OFDM System for Optical Fiber Communications

A spectrum efficient OFDM scheme named Time Domain Synchronous-OFDM(TDS-OFDM)is introduced into coherent optical transmission system,in which the pseudo noise(PN)sequence is exploited as guard interval to realize frame synchronization,compensate the carrier frequency offset(CFO),and estimate and equalize channel simultaneously.Since there is no pilot signals or training symbols in TDS-OFDM,the proposed scheme can achieve higher spectral efficiency(SE)above 10%improvement comparing with CPOFDM.The proposed method is implemented and verified in a 28GBaud QPSK OFDM system and a 28GBaud 16QAM OFDM system.It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme shows high CFO estimation accuracy and synchronous accuracy.Under CFO and linewidth of laser source set as 100MHz and 100kHz respectively,BER of QPSK OFDM system is below 3.8e-3 at the optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR)of 13dB,and BER of 16QAM OFDM system is below 3.8e-3 at the OSNR of 20dB.

A PTS Optimization Scheme with Superimposed Training for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System

Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) is an efficient scheme for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. It does not bring any signal distortion. However, its remarkable drawback is the high computational complexity. In order to reduce the computational complexity, currently many PTS methods have been proposed but with the cost of the loss of PAPR performance of the system. In this paper, we introduce an improved PTS optimization method with superimposed training. Simulation results show that, compared with conventional PTS, improved PTS scheme can achieve better PAPR performance while be implemented with lower computation complexity of the system.

VLC-Based Indoor Positioning Algorithm Combined with OFDM and Particle Filter

Visible light communications(VLC) have recently attracted a growing interest and can be a potential solution to realize indoor positioning,however,the performance of existing indoor positioning system is limited by multipath distortion inside a room.In order to combat the effect of multipath distortion,this paper proposes an LED-based indoor positioning algorithm combined with hybrid OFDM(HOFDM),in which asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM(ACOOFDM) is transmitted on the odd subcarriers while using pulse amplitude modulated discrete multitone(PAM-DMT) to modulate the imaginary part of each even subcarrier.In this scheme,we take a combined approach where a received-signal-strength(RSS) technique is employed to determine the location of the receiver and realize the 3-D positioning by Trust-region-based positioning.Moreover,a particle filter is used to further improve the positioning accuracy.Results confirm that this proposed positioning algorithm can achieve high accuracy even with multipath distortion,and the algorithm has better performance when combined with particle filter.

802.16a OFDM系统的DSP实现方法的研究

本文主要介绍了用TMS320c6201实现宽带无线接入协议空中接口802.16a所建议的OFDM调制解调方案,对OFDM及其同步算法进行了研究,并结合DSP的特点,进行软硬件设计与优化,给出了具体的实现方案。

Feedback strategies for iterative channel estimation in OFDM underwater acoustic communications

The extremely limited bandwidth in underwater acoustic communication makes channel estimation using fewer pilot symbols more challenging. Iterative channel estimation( ICE) can be used to refine channel estimation with limited number of pilots,by coupling the channel estimator with channel decoder. In this paper,various feedback strategies in ICE are discussed. The performance of a decision feedback based on the cost function is improved by modifying the design and another four feedback strategies are summarized,including hard/soft decision feedback and their threshold-controlled versions. Simulation results show that ICE can achieve impressive gains over the non-iterative receiver and the gains are more significant with fewer pilots. Furthermore,soft decision feedback outperforms hard decision feedback; while the feedback based on the cost function and soft decision feedback have quite close performance.

Computational Performances of OFDM Using Different FFT Algorithms

In this paper, an intuitive comparison of the computational performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system has been made in terms of complex calculations required using different Fourier transform techniques. The different transform techniques are introduced such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and various types of fast Fourier transform (FFT) as 2-radix FFT, 4-radix FFT etc. and the very recent very fast Fourier transform (VFFT). With intuitive mathematical analysis, it has been shown that with the reduced complexity that VFFT can offer, OFDM performance can be greatly improved in terms of calculations needed.

适用于两发射天线V-BLAST OFDM系统的排序插值QR分解算法

最近提出的插值QR分解算法有效降低了V-BLAST OFDM信号检测的复杂度。在大部分检测算法中,对信道矩阵按某策略排序后可进一步提高算法性能,但插值QR分解算法不能直接应用于这种情况。为解决这一问题,本文结合分组排序与插值QR分解的思路,通过引入不同列排序矩阵QR分解间的关系,提出一种适用于两发射天线的低复杂度排序插值QR算法。该算法可作为采用连续干扰抵消或球形译码算法的V-BLAST OFDM信号检测预处理方法。与对插值QR分解算法直接扩展的方法相比,该算法随着接收天线数的增多,复杂度节省程度更为明显,因此更适合基站接收机设计。

采用子载波分组和空时码的随机映射MIMO OFDM系统

本文提出了一种在子载波分组上进行空时编码的随机信号映射MIMOOFDM系统。采用已有的快衰落信道上的空时码在每个分组上编码,随机映射后在多个天线上发送,接收端就能够获得大部分的空间和频率分集。仿真表明系统在MIMO多径衰落信道中能够获得好的性能。

Signal Detection for OFDM-IDMA Uplink over Doubly Selective Channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-interleave division multiple access (OFDM-IDMA) systems may suffer from serious inter-carrier interference (ICI) in time-and frequency-selective (doubly selective) channels. In such case, the conventional OFDM-IDMA detection algorithm for quasi-static channels will result in significantly performance degradation. In this paper, signal detection is investigated for OFDM-IDMA uplink over doubly selective channels. Firstly, the impact of time-varying channels for OFDM-IDMA uplink is analyzed, which leads to the failure of the conventional algorithm. Secondly, a novel iterative detection algorithm is developed based on an integrated interference canceller, which can iteratively estimate and mitigate the ICI as well as multiple access interference (MAI) simultaneously. In addition, an improved detection algorithm is derived for reducing the complexity using an approximation to the mean and variance of the interference. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can significantly enhance the system performance to the conventional case, and the improved algorithm can strike a balance between performance and complexity.

BER of OFDM System with Multiple NBI Rejection Cascade Complex Coefficient Adaptive IIR Notch Filter

In this paper, rejection of multiple narrowband interferers in a binary phase shift keying modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BPSK-OFDM) system is investigated. The BPSK-OFDM system in consideration operates in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. A cascade complex coefficient adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filter with gradient-based algorithm is used to reject the interferers. Bit error ratio (BER) performance of the system is studied and a general closed-form expression is derived assuming negligible steady-state leakage NBI and by estimating the decision variable as Gaussian distributed based on Central Limit Theorem (CLT). Dependence of the BER performance on the notch bandwidth coefficient is demonstrated by the analysis. Extensive simulation results are included to substantiate accuracy of the analysis.

基于OFDM技术的数字AM广播系统时间同步算法研究

针对基于OFDM调制技术的数字AM广播系统,研究适合中短波信道(<30MHz)的时间同步算法.首先建立一个可以同时估计符号偏差和时钟相位偏差的两级时间同步模型.对符号偏差估计,给出一种改进的最大似然算法;对时钟相位偏差估计,给出一种利用梳状导频的估计算法.仿真和实际测试表明,这种两级同步方案能够满足OFDM系统对时间同步精度要求.

基于混沌序列的MIMO-OFDM雷达通信一体化波形设计

为了解决多输入多输出的正交频分复用(multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)雷达通信一体化信号波形由于通信信息的不确定性导致模糊函数旁瓣水平较高以及系统雷达探测能力较差的问题,提出利用混沌序列对通信信息进行直接扩频。但普通单级混沌序列具有保密性低,可用数量少,容易被破解的缺点。因此采用一种基于加权算法优化的混合型级联混沌序列对通信信息进行扩频调制,然后再通过MIMO-OFDM一体化系统进行传输。由仿真结果可知,加权后的级联混沌序列相关性和误码率性能较m序列和Gold序列更好,经此序列扩频后的一体化信号模糊函数旁瓣水平会更低,故该一体化波形雷达探测性能更佳。且混沌序列越长,信号波形雷达探测能力越好。

基于STBC的MIMO OFDM系统中的I/Q不平衡及CFO的联合均衡策略

基于STBC方案,针对MIMO OFDM通信系统中同时存在发射机和接收机I/Q不平衡、前端滤波器失配、CFO和频率选择性信道失真的组合影响进行了深入研究,并提出了一种适用的联合均衡策略;具体实现是首先通过对MIMO OFDM系统中只存在发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的分析,得到一种频域均衡器;然后再考虑同时存在接收机I/Q不平衡和CFO的情况,得到了2个时域均衡器;最后把2个时域均衡器变换到频域,并结合消除发射机I/Q不平衡和多径信道干扰的频域均衡技术,提出了一种全面的联合均衡技术即频域子载波均衡器。仿真结果表明,针对MIMO OFDM系统提出的频域子载波均衡技术不仅能扩展到其他高阶STBC系统,而且使均衡后的系统BER性能得到了明显的提高。