Particle Sizes and Antibacterial Activity of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis Ultrafine Powders

Using 9200 laser particle size analyzer and KYKY-2800 scanning electron microscope, particle sizes and cellular morphology of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders were observed. According to the results, the particle size of 89. 1 % of Radix Astragalus ultrafine powders ranged from 1.729 [xm to 44.938 ｜xm, Z ）50 =4.368 ｜xm; the particle size of 93.411% of Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders ranged from 1.510 [xm to 44.938 ｜xm, Z ）50 = 8 .7 2 6 [xm. Radix As-tragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders were pulverized completely without intact cellular morphology. The antibacterial activity of Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders against chicken-derived E. coli （078） was investigated. The results indicated that Radix Astragalus and Radix Isatidis ultrafine powders exhibited higher antibacterial activity against chicken-derived E. coli （078 ） compared with the corresponding coarse powders. This study laid a solid foundation for the development and application of Chinese medicine ultrafine powder preparations.

Effects of astragalus injection on the skin lesion degree and Caspase-14,SOCS1 and STAT3 levels of psoriasis model in Balb/c nude mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of Astragalus Injection on the Skin Lesion Degree and Caspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 Levels of Psoriasis Model in Balb/c Nude Mice. Methods:Sixty Balb/c nude mice were randomly divided into groups A, B and C with 20 mice in each group. Group A mice were used as blank control, group B mice as model group and group C mice as treatment group. The PASI score of psoriasis, skin thickness, inflammatory factors, serum levels of Caspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 in three groups of mice were analyzed after 2 weeks of treatment. Result: After treatment, the P ASI score of group B was significantly higher than that of group C, with statistical significance (P < 0.05);there was statistical significance in the measurements of lesion skin of three groups of mice after treatment (P <0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the thickness of lesion skin in group B and C was significantly higher, and the thickness of lesion skin in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 in the B and C groups were significantly increased, and the inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. The levels of serum C aspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 in three groups of mice were significantly different after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the levels of serum C aspase-14 and SOCS1 in B and C groups were significantly lower and the levels of STAT3 were significantly higher, and the levels of inflammatory factors aspase-14 and SO in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group. The level of CS1 was significantly lower than that of model group, and the level of STAT3 was significantly higher than that of model group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Astragalus membranaceus injection can effectively improve the degree of psoriasis in Balb/c nude mice. Its possible mechanism is that it can decrease the expression of Caspase-14 and SOCS1, reduce the degree of keratosis in the lesion site of mice, improve the local surface hyperplasia, increase the level of STAT3 and enhance the level of local cell proliferation, which is of positive significance for the rehabilitation of psoriasis.

黄芪多糖及益生菌合生元对雏鸡肠道微生态区系的影响

240只商品代海兰蛋雏鸡按体重随机分为4组,每组6个重复笼,每重复笼10只。试验为期6周,自由采食和饮水。第1组为空白对照组,2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮基础上分别添加220mg/kg黄芪多糖、4×107cfu/g益生菌剂和220mg/kg黄芪多糖+4×107cfu/g益生菌剂。试验鸡分别于第3周和第6周末无菌取回肠和盲肠以检测内容物中乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量。结果表明:黄芪多糖益生菌剂均能有效促进雏鸡肠道有益微生物—乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的增殖,并对肠道有害菌—大肠杆菌有抑制作用,且后者的效果优于前者;两者同时添加于雏鸡饲料中,作用效果远超过单纯添加,表明黄芪多糖与益生菌剂能协同作用,共同维持肠道微生态区系的平衡和稳定。

Protective mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba against chemical liver injury based on network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro experiments

Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to identify the common potential targets of P.Radix and chemical liver injury.Molecular docking was used to fit the components,which were subsequently verified in vitro.A cell model of hepatic fibrosis was established by activating hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-LX2 cells with 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1.The cells were exposed to different concentrations of total glucosides of paeony(TGP),the active substance of P.Radix,and then evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and western blot.Results:Analysis through network pharmacology revealed 13 key compounds of P.Radix,and the potential targets for preventing chemical liver injury were IL-6,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,jun protooncogene,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG),PTGS2,and CASP3.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of response to drugs,membrane rafts,and peptide binding.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis revealed that the main pathways involved lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation.Paeoniflorin and albiflorin exhibited strong affinity for HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,and CASP3.Different concentrations of TGP can inhibit the expression of COL-I,COL-III,IL-6,TNF-a,IL-1β,HSP-90a,and PTGS2 while increasing the expression of PPAR-γand CASP3 in activated HSC-LX2 cells.Conclusion:P.Radix primarily can regulate targets such as HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,CASP3.TGP,the main active compound of P.Radix,protects against chemical liver injury by reducing the inflammatory response,activating apoptotic proteins,and promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs.

扁穗牛鞭草浸出液对豆科牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以扁穗牛鞭草根1.5g、茎1.5g、叶1.5g、根1g及根0.5g的浸出液为处理液1～5,分别对紫云英、紫花苜蓿种子进行处理,测定种子发芽势、发芽率、畸化苗率、幼苗和根系生长情况,对不同处理进行多重比较,结果说明:扁穗牛鞭草根、茎、叶浸出液对供试种子萌发都有一定的化感作用,使发芽率有不同程度的降低,不同器官的浸出液作用不同,同一器官不同浓度的作用不同,同一器官同一浓度对不同豆科牧草种子的作用也不同。扁穗牛鞭草对豆科牧草种苗的生长、发育有化感作用,但不同处理表现出促进与抑制两种作用,同一处理在不同豆科上的作用也不一致;多重比较说明,不同处理之间对紫云英和紫花苜蓿株高、根系长、根总长的作用差异极显著(P<0.01),对侧根数作用的差异不大。

川乌和制川乌中单酯及双酯型生物碱成分的含量测定

目的:建立川乌和制川乌中单酯及双酯型生物碱成分的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法:采用DiamonsilTM C18 5μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱,流动相A[乙腈-四氢呋喃(25:15)]-流动相B[0.1 mol·L-1醋酸铵(1000 mL含冰醋酸 0.5 mL)]梯度洗脱,流速:0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长:235 nm。结果:乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头碱和苯甲酰次乌头碱分离良好,各成分浓度与HPLC峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别是:乌头碱0.01-0.36(r=0.9996),0.32 -5.16μg(r=0.9999);次乌头碱0.01-1.06(r=0.9999),0.05-1.32 μg(r=0.9999),1.29-20.60μg(r=0.9999);新乌头碱0.22-3.59μg(r=0.9999);苯甲酰新乌头碱0.02-0.10(r=0.9997),0.13-2.04μg(r=0.9998);苯甲酰次乌头碱 0.02-0.12(r=0.9996),0.15-2.41μg(r=0.9999)。平均回收率分别为105.0%(RSD=4.4%),104.9%(RSD=1.8%), 100.4%(RSD=3.0%);107.6%(RSD=3.3%),104.2%(RSD=1.5%),102.9%(RSD=1.9%);112.2%(RSD=3.2%), 106.3%(RSD=1.5%),103.5%(RSD=2.3%);104.1%(RSD=2.2%);100.8%(RSD=2.9%)。结论:建立的HPLC法专属,准确,耐用性良好。采用本法测定了23批不同产地及不同炮制方法得到的川乌和制川乌药材中新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头碱和苯甲酰次乌头碱的含量,为川乌及饮片质量标准的建立提供了依据。

龙胆斑枯病有效调控及其与药材产量和质量的相关性研究

龙胆斑枯病是龙胆栽培过程中的主要病害。本文通过田间试验及实验室研究,探讨了龙胆斑枯病的发病规律及病害对产量和质量的影响,并从农业措施、土壤与种苗处理、化学农药防治和中药防治等角度提出了有效防治措施。研究表明:黑龙江龙胆斑枯病的病原菌为Septoria mi- crospora speg．和Septoria gentianae Thum．;农学措施防治研究表明优质健壮种苗、较高的栽培密度、与高杆作物间作可有效缓解龙胆斑枯病;就有效成分而言,獐牙菜苦苷含量与病情之间无明显规律性,但龙胆苦苷含量随病情指数增加而呈现下降趋势;植物新农药防治龙胆斑枯病药效试验表明,9种中药乙醇提取物对龙胆斑枯病病菌(Septoria microspora Speg．)均有不同程度的抑制作用。

黄芪多糖、益生菌合生元对雏鸡生长和免疫的作用

240只商品代海兰蛋雏鸡被用来研究黄芪多糖(AstragalusPolysaccharide,APS)和益生菌(Prof鄄itableMicrobe,PM)对雏鸡生长和免疫的促进作用。鸡只按体重随机分为4组,每组6个重复笼,每重复笼10只。试验为期6周,自由采食和饮水。第1组为空白对照组,2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮基础上分别添加220mg/kg黄芪多糖、4×107cfu/g益生菌剂以及220mg/kg黄芪多糖+4×107cfu/g益生菌剂。试验鸡于每周末称体重和耗料量,计算料肉比;分别于第3周和6周末心脏采血制备血清并称称脾脏和法式囊重量。试验结果:黄芪多糖、益生菌和合生元均能显著提高雏鸡周增重(p<0.05),减少饲料消耗(p<0.05),降低料肉比(全期分别降低13.96%、15.26%和12.34%,p<0.05),但未发现合生元组雏鸡生产性能与黄芪多糖和益生菌组有明显差异(p>0.05);试验组雏鸡血清总蛋白含量较对照组升高(p>0.05),葡萄糖则降低(p>0.05);法式囊和脾脏指数合生元组均显著高于空白组、黄芪多糖组和益生菌组(p<0.05);试验组雏鸡血清新城疫抗体效价均较空白对照组升高(p<0.05),且以合生元对新城疫抗体效价的提高优于黄芪多糖和益生菌。

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

化肥与紫云英不同配比对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响

在大田试验条件下,设计5个不同化肥与紫云英配比处理,连续2年在江西省丰城市研究了养分总供应量相同时紫云英NK代替等量化肥NK对水稻养分吸收及其产量的影响.结果表明:等氮钾条件下,与单施化肥相比,20%～40%紫云英氮钾替代等量化肥氮钾有利于土壤中有机质含量的提高,促进水稻地上部对氮钾的吸收与累积,从而有利于水稻产量的提高.但是,60%～80%紫云英氮钾替代化肥氮钾,水稻地上部氮钾含量和水稻产量显著下降.因此,化肥/紫云英适当配比施用有利于提高土壤有机质含量,促进水稻对氮钾养分的吸收累积,最终提高水稻产量.

Puerariae Radix protects against ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a common inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has long been used in Asia as a treatment for UC and Puerariae Radix(PR)is a reliable anti-diarrheal therapy.The aims of this study were to investigate the protective effect of PR using the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced UC model in mice and identify molecular mechanisms of PR action.The chemical constituents of PR via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and identified potential PR and UC targets using a network pharmacology(NP)approach were obtained to guide mouse experiments.A total of 180 peaks were identified from PR including 48 flavonoids,46 organic acids,14 amino acids,8 phenols,8 carbohydrates,7 alkaloids,6 coumarins and 43 other constituents.NP results showed that caspase-1 was the most dysregulated of the core genes associated with UC.A PR dose of 0.136 mg/g administered to DSS treated mice reversed weight loss and decreased colon lengths found in UC mice.PR also alleviated intestinal mucosal shedding,inflammatory cell infiltration and mucin loss.PR treatment suppressed upregulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like(ASC)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)at both the protein and m RNA expression levels.The addition of a small molecule dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitor NSC 95397 inhibited the positive effects of PR.These results indicated that PR exerts a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.

Potential application of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma-Rhubarb for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology and cell culture experimental verification

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus,and the existing treatments cannot meet the needs of today's patients.Traditional Chinese medicine has been validated for its efficacy in DKD after many years of clinical application.However,the specific mechanism by which it works is still unclear.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma-rhubarb drug pair(NRDP)for the treatment of DKD will provide a new way of thinking for the research and development of new drugs.AIM To investigate the mechanism of the NRDP in DKD by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking,and then verify the initial findings by in vitro experiments.METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)database was used to screen active ingredient targets of NRDP.Targets for DKD were obtained based on the Genecards,OMIM,and TTD databases.The VENNY 2.1 database was used to obtain DKD and NRDP intersection targets and their Venn diagram,and Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to build a"drug-component-target-disease"network.The String database was used to construct protein interaction networks.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were performed based on the DAVID database.After selecting the targets and the active ingredients,Autodock software was used to perform molecular docking.In experimental validation using renal tubular epithelial cells(TCMK-1),we used the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to detect the effect of NRDP on cell viability,with glucose solution used to mimic a hyperglycemic environment.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle progression and apoptosis.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of STAT3,p-STAT3,BAX,BCL-2,Caspase9,and Caspase3.RESULTS A total of 10 active ingredients and 85 targets with 111 disease-related signaling pathways were obtained for NRDP.Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways was performed to determine advanced glycation end products(AGEs)-receptor for AGEs(RAGE)signaling as the core pathway.Molecular docking showed good binding between each active ingredient and its core targets.In vitro experiments showed that NRDP inhibited the viability of TCMK-1 cells,blocked cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase,and reduced apoptosis in a concentrationdependent manner.Based on the results of Western blot analysis,NRDP differentially downregulated p-STAT3,BAX,Caspase3,and Caspase9 protein levels(P<0.01 or P<0.05).In addition,BAX/BCL-2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratios were reduced,while BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression was upregulated(P<0.01).CONCLUSION NRDP may upregulate BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression,and downregulate BAX,Caspase3,and Caspase9 protein expression,thus activating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,inhibiting the vitality of TCMK-1 cells,reducing their apoptosis.and arresting them in the G0/G1 phase to protect them from damage by high glucose.

中医药治疗失眠研究简况

失眠不是一个单纯简单疾病,单纯控制症状,即使指标改善,也难以达到治疗目的。中药治疗:虚证,扶阳抑阴、运转枢机-乌菟汤、十味温胆汤、归脾汤;火扰心神-大补阴丸、二阴煎、龙胆泻肝汤、丹栀逍遥散、黄连温胆汤、六味地黄丸;痰浊上犯,阻遏心窍,扰动心神-温胆肠加枣仁;瘀阻脉络,心失所养,失眠胶着难愈-血府逐瘀汤、逐瘀安神汤;失眠与情志变化最为相关,情志抑郁-逍遥散、柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤。辅助疗法有针灸、耳针、耳穴压豆、埋线、推拿按摩等。中医药治疗可规避西药缺点,经验总结多,创新治疗方式及手段、新理念少。国外针灸、耳针研究多单纯、片面、表浅及固化,缺乏辨证论治理念。针灸及相关辅助疗法无毒副作用,更适用原发性失眠及顽固性失眠;耳针效果微弱,穴位埋线效果及持效程度优于体针。临床离不开辨证论治,应重调理轻指标,重治本轻治标;治疗原发疾病,辅以抗失眠类中药调理效果更佳;针药结合为未来主攻方向,既有利于原发疾病治疗,又可规避药物毒副作用,减轻耐受性、依赖性及反跳现象。

黄芪多糖对小鼠免疫细胞信号转导相关分子的影响

为探讨黄芪多糖(APS)免疫调节的作用机理,观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成、对体外培养的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞内游离钙离子水平和蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响。结果显示黄芪多糖能明显促进小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成,显著升高小鼠脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的水平,引起细胞PKC活性明显升高。提示黄芪多糖通过NO介导信号传递通路,调节脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的浓度,升高细胞蛋白激酶活性而影响机体免疫细胞的信号转导,发挥其免疫调节作用。

等量紫云英条件下化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累的影响

在施用等量紫云英条件下进行了不同化肥用量对早稻养分吸收和干物质积累影响的田间试验。试验结果表明:在翻压紫云英22500kg/hm2的条件下,早稻田可减少化肥用量20%～60%,但是以减少化肥用量20%的效果最佳,能有效促进水稻植株地上部对N、P、K养分的吸收与积累,同时有利于地上部干物质的积累。

腹膜透析液中添加黄芪对透析效能的影响

目的观察在腹膜透析液中添加黄芪注射液对患者透析效能的影响。方法采用自身对照的方法,28例终末期肾脏病持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者,在腹膜透析液中添加黄芪注射液(10 ml/L),观察期9 d,对比用药前后腹膜对尿素氮和肌酐转运、葡萄糖重吸收率、24 h净超滤量以及透出液白蛋白水平和透析充分性指标的变化。结果在腹膜透析液中添加黄芪注射液后,4 h尿素氮、肌酐透出液与血浆比(D/P)值显著升高[(0 82±0 09) vs (0 89±0 08),P<0 01;(0 65±0 12) vs (0 71±0 10),P<0 05]尿素氮、肌酐溶质转运面积系数(MTAC,ml·min 1 ·1 73m 2)明显升高[(16 58±5 15)vs (22 51±7 53),P<0 01;(9 53±3 65) vs (11 44±3 22),P<0 05]。用药后患者周腹膜尿素氮清除指数和肌酐清除率(KT/V和Ccr,L·周1·1 73m2)明显增高[(1 42±0 34) vs (1 68±0 37),P<0 05;(36 81±7 13) vs (41 93±6 21),P<0 05]。用药前后患者周残余肾KT/V和Ccr无明显变化,葡萄糖重吸收率无明显变化。用药前后患者24 h净超滤量显著升高[(535±397) vs (931±485)(ml/24 h),P<0 01],透出液β2 微球蛋白及白蛋白含量无明显改变。结论腹膜透析液中添加黄芪注射液可以提高患者腹膜对尿素氮、肌酐和水的清除,能提高患者的透析效能且不增加白蛋白的流失和?

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

Total flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis through SLC7A11/GPX-4 signaling pathway

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from A.membranaceus(TFA)and their protective mechanisms.TFA offered neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)in the mouse model of Parkinsonism,by improving behavior performance in the gait analysis and pole test,and inhibiting the decline of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons and TH protein expression in substantia nigra of mice.TFA also prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)induced neurotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells,by increasing GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio,and reducing reactive oxygen species.In addition,the neuroprotective effects of TFA were associated with its ability to restore MPTP/MPP+induced downregulation of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4).In conclusion,we demonstrated that TFA exerted significant neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of SLC7A11/GPX-4 axis,suggesting the use of TFA as a possible food supplement in the prevention of PD.

黄芪注射液对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆凋亡相关因子的影响

目的探讨黄芪注射液对慢性心力衰竭(chronicheartfailure,CHF)患者血浆凋亡相关因子可溶性Fas(solubleFas,sFas)、可溶性Fas配体(solubleFasL ,sFasL)及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumornecrosisfactoralpha,TNF -α)的影响。方法将84例NYHA心功能分级属Ⅱ～Ⅳ级的CHF患者随机分为黄芪治疗组(治疗组,42例)和常规治疗组(对照组,42例) ,两组于治疗前后分别测定血浆sFas、sFasL、TNF- α水平,同时评估NYHA心功能分级,测定左室功能指标。结果治疗后两组NYHA心功能分级均较治疗前改善(P <0 . 0 5或P <0 . 0 1) ,且治疗组优于对照组(P <0. 0 5) ;治疗组左室收缩末期容积(leftventricularend systolicvolume ,LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(leftventricularend diastolicvolume,LVEDV)减小,左室射血分数(leftventricularejectionfraction ,LVEF)提高,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P <0 . 0 5) ;治疗组血浆sFas、sFasL、TNF -α水平明显下降,与本组治疗前及对照组治疗后比较差异有显著性(P <0. 0 5或P <0. 0 1) ,对照组除TNF -α与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)外,余均无明显变化。结论黄芪注射液能够降低CHF患者血浆凋亡相关因子水平,可作为治疗CHF有效药物之一。

Radix Polygoni Multiflori Praeparata and Dioscorea Bulbifera Rhizome Decoctions Display Combined Effects Detected by a Three-Probe Drug Cocktail with Substrates of Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Objectives: Radix Polygoni Multiflori Praeparata (RPMP) and Dioscorea Bulbifera Rhizomes (DBR) are used in Chinese herbal medicine and have been frequently reported for adverse reactions on liver. In this research, we aimed to evaluate in vivo effects of RPMP and DBR on rat cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2) with their respective substrates as probes. Methods: Rats were orally administered RPMP, DBR and RPMP/DBR combination at 12, 10 and (12 + 10) g/kg, respectively, or saline as a control, once daily for 7 days. Thereafter, a cocktail containing 10 mg/kg caffeine, 20 mg/kg chlorzoxazone and 10 mg/kg dapsone was tail vein injected to rats. At defined time points, plasma drug concentrations were simultaneously evaluated by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters simulated by DAS software were used to assess RPMP and/or DBR effects on cytochrome P450 enzymes activity. ANOVA and Dunnett’s test were used for data analysis. Results: Caffeine metabolism was enhanced in RPMP animals and reduced after pretreatment with DBR, but no effect was observed in RPMP/DBR combination group. Chlorzoxazone and dapsone metabolism was enhanced in both RPMP and DBR groups and consequently in combination group. The data suggested that RPMP independently induces rat CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 activity, while DBR independently inhibits activity of rat CYP1A2 and induces that of CYP2E1 and CYP3A2. RPMP/DBR combination showed no significant benefit compared with the two drugs alone and even showed a neutralized effect in CYP1A2 activity. Conclusions: Caution is needed when RPMP and/or DBR are co-administered with drugs metabolized by human CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.