Pyrogenicity of hyaluronic acid hydrogel crosslinked by divinyl sulfone for soft tissue augmentation

Hyaluronic acid hydrogels (HAHs) were synthesized by immersing the microbeads in phosphate buffered saline solution to assess short term biocompatibility of the gels by means of the rabbit pyrogen test and the bacterial endotoxin test. The rise in body temperature of 3 male New Zealand white rabbits weighing about 2~3 kg (12~16 weeks old) following intravenous injection of the test article (10 mL/kg) was mo nitored at 30 min intervals in 3 h to examine the pyrogenicity. No rabbits showed an individual rise in temperature of 0.5oC or more above its respective control temperature. The temperature rises of the rabbits after injection were 0.12oC, 0.13oC, and 0.18oC, respectively, sugge sting that HAH meets the requirements for the absence of pyrogens. The bacterial endotoxin test revealed that the concentration of endoto xins required to cause the lysate to clot under standard conditions was < 0.125 EU/mL. Comparing the HAHs that was synthesized in this experiment to the ones approved by FDA, the amount of < 0.125 EU/mL endotoxins is relatively safe and effective. The test solution did not contain any interfering factors under the ex perimental conditions used. It is conceivable that the HAHs are likely to be suitable injectable dermal filler for facial soft tissue augmentation due to the absence of

Long-term morphological evaluation of porous poly-DL-lactic acid for soft tissue augmentation

Soft tissues are important for aesthetic considerations in implant therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate soft tissue augmentation by using porous poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA)shaped as a tablet, with a diameter of5.0 mmand a height of2.0 mm. Porous PDLLA was implanted between the periosteal and epithelial tissues in 25 rats that were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. The average height of the PDLLA scaffolds at approximately 24 weeks was 1.85 ±0.08 mm, and the molecular weight decreased with time. Sinusoidal capillaries at 1 week, connective tissues at 4 weeks, and necrotic tissues at 24 weeks were observed more than other periods. At 24 weeks, the connective tissue surviving in the pores was confirmed to contain blood vessels;therefore, blood vessels are considered to be critical for the survival of soft tissue in scaffold pores. In this study, PDLLA was found to be useful for soft tissue augmentation in the long term. Although the molecular weight of PDLLA decreased with time, the height of the PDLLA scaffolds was preserved. The connective tissue surviving in the pores of the scaffolds at 24 weeks were associated with blood vessels. Further studies are necessary to investigate the optimal scaffold shape and surface characteristics to improve the penetration of blood vessels.

The Danger within:Covid-19 Affinity for ACE2 Receptors in Adipose Tissue and Testes.The Protective Effects of Estradiol,Fitness,and Weight Management

The imminent danger of the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated research in pharmaceuticals that either target the viral Spike proteins fusion with ACE2 receptors,or the infectious RNA replication that often overwhelms immune defences.The scope of this review was to elucidate the main human vulnerabilities to Covid-19,including the accumulation of ACE2 receptors in testes,adipose tissue,thyroid,heart and kidneys that escalate viral affinity in males,the aged,and certain medical conditions,including diabetes,CVD,and pulmonary diseases.Pre-existing inflammation inherent in obesity may exacerbate the“cytokine storm,”a rampaging immune reaction during the course of Covid-19 that is deleterious to the host.We examined the molecular dynamics illustrating the action of new therapeutics necessary for Covid-19 patients;the estradiol advantage hypothesis;alternative therapies including hormone replacement procedures and mesenchymal stem cells;plus preventive and protective interventions.The current perspective also explored the primary components of dysregulated health predisposing individuals to Covid-19,including hormonal imbalance,increased lipids and lipoproteins,thyroid dysfunction,degraded fitness,and age-related testosterone decline accompanied by cortisol increase that provokes stress eating behaviours and weight accumulation.Obesity increases the probability of Covid-19 infection due to its abundance of ACE2 receptors;while physical activity may decrease Covid-19 vulnerability,by reducing fat and increasing muscle mass that manifests a relatively inhibited ACE2 expression.Several weight management solutions feature lasers and radiofrequency which diminish subcutaneous adiposity but do not enhance fitness.A data metanalysis of seven recently published clinical studies on 95 obese individuals,73 males and 22 females with an average BMI of 30.9,demonstrated visceral fat reduction combined with increased skeletal muscle mass.It also revealed a statistically significant decrease in BMI,lipids,lipoproteins,inflammation and toxicity as measured by CRP,Creatinine and Bilirubin respectively,juxtaposed by optimally healthier levels of Cortisol,Testosterone,Free T3,IGF-1,Insulin,and the appetite controlling hormones Leptin and Ghrelin.

Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury:novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration

Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.

Interleukin-1 beta up-regulates tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA and phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 in hepatic stellate cells

AIM： To study the relationship between interleukin-lbeta （IL-1β） up-regulating tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （TIMMP-1） mRNA expression and phosphorylation of both c-jun N-terminal kinase （INK） and p38 in rat heffatic stellate cells （HSC）. METHODS： RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of TIMMP-1 mRNA in rat HSC. Western blot was performed to measure IL-1β-induced JNK and p38 activities in rat HSC. RESULTS： TIMMP-1 mRNA expression （1.191± 0.079） was much higher after treatment with IL-1β （10 ng/mL） for 24 h than in control group （0.545±0.091） （P〈0.01）. IL-1β activated INK and p38 in a time-dependent manner. After stimulation with IL-1β for 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, the INK activity was 0.982±0.299, 1.501±0.720, 2.133±0.882, 3.360±0.452, 2.181±0.789, and 1.385 ± 0.368, respectively. There was a significant difference in JNK activity at 15 min （P〈 0.01）, 30 min （P〈 0.01） and 60 min （P〈0.01） in comparison to that at 0 min. The p38 activity was 1.061±0.310, 2.050±0.863, 2.380±0.573, 2.973±0.953, 2.421±0.793, and 1.755 ± 0.433 at the 6 time points （0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min） respectively. There was a significant difference in p38 activity at 5 min （P〈0.05）, 15 min （P〈0.01）, 30 min （P〈0.01） and 60 min （P〈0.01） compared to that at 0 min. TIMMP-1 mRNA expression trended to decrease in 3 groups pretreated with different concentrations of SP600125 （10 μmol/L, 1.022±0.113; 20 μmol/L, 0.869±0.070; 40 μmol/L, 0.666±0.123）. Their decreases were all significant （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, P〈0.01） in comparison to control group （without SP600125 treatment, 1.163±0.107）. In the other 3 groups pretreated with different concentrations of SB203580 （10 μmol/L, 1.507±0.099; 20 μmol/L, 1.698±0.107; 40 μmol/L, 1.857±0.054）, the expression of TIMMP-1 mRNA increased. Their levels were higher than those in the control group （without SB203580 treatment, 1.027 ± 0.061） with a significant statistical significance （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： IL-1β has a direct action on hepatic fibrosis by up-regulating TIMMP-1 mRNA expression in ratessionin in rate HSC.JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） are involved in IL-1β-induced TIMMP-1 gene expression, and play a distinct role in this process, indicating that p38 and .INK pathways cooperatively mediate TIMP-1 mRNA expression in rat HSC.

Indication and surgical approach for reconstruction with endoprosthesis in bone-associated soft tissue sarcomas:Appropriate case management is vital

It is important for surgeons performing sarcoma surgery to know that bone resection and tumor prosthesis applications in soft tissue sarcomas(STS)have unique features in terms of indication,surgical approach and follow-up,in terms of the management of these cases.Some STS are associated with bone and major neurovascular structures.Bone-associated STS are generally relatively large and relatively deep-seated.Additionally,the tendency for metastasis is high.In some cases,the decision about which structures to resect is difficult.These cases are often accompanied by poor oncological and surgical outcomes.Management of cases should be done by a multidisciplinary team in advanced centers specialized in this field.The surgical team must have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of limb-sparing surgery.Preoperative evaluation and especially good planning of bone and soft tissue reconstruction are vital.

Exposure to Hyaluronan and Radon-Containing Water during the Treatment of Periodontal Pockets

Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have emerged as pivotal components in contemporary dentistry, gaining widespread recognition for their multifaceted roles in various biological functions. Extensive literature underscores the significance of HA in maintaining tissue water balance, fostering cell proliferation, promoting rapid cell migration, influencing cell differentiation during organism development, and facilitating tissue regeneration. Notably, HA’s interactions with cell surface receptors contribute to the viscosity of synovial fluid, activate the immune system, and enhance cartilage elasticity. Beyond these established functions, HA has also been investigated for its potential involvement in determining and studying the hormetic effects of radon water, adding a novel dimension to its applications in dental research. A thorough exploration of existing studies reveals a nuanced understanding of how HA interventions impact the outcomes of dental procedures. The comprehensive scope of these investigations allows for a more accurate assessment of the potential effectiveness of specific interventions and provides valuable insights into post-procedural prognoses for individual patients. This synthesis of literature serves as the foundation for elucidating the intricate interplay between HA, radon exposure, and their relevance in modern dental practices.

Mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues: From biology to cell therapy

Cell-based regenerative medicine is of growing interest in biomedical research. The role of stem cells in this context is under intense scrutiny and may help to define principles of organ regeneration and develop innovative therapeutics for organ failure. Utilizing stem and progenitor cells for organ replacement has been conducted for many years when performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since the first successful transplantation of umbilical cord blood to treat hematological malignancies, non-hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations have recently been identified within umbilical cord blood and other perinatal and fetal tissues. A cell population entitled mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerged as one of the most intensely studied as it subsumes a variety of capacities: MSCs can differentiate into various subtypes of the mesodermal lineage, they secrete a large array of trophic factors suitable of recruiting endogenous repair processes and they are immunomodulatory.Focusing on perinatal tissues to isolate MSCs, we will discuss some of the challenges associated with these cell types concentrating on concepts of isolation and expansion, the comparison with cells derived from other tissue sources, regarding phenotype and differentiation capacity and finally their therapeutic potential.

Risk of connective—tissue disease in men with testicular or penile prostheses：a preliminary study

AIM: To help clarifying the possibility of connective-tissue diseases in men with penile or testicular prostheses. METHODS: Eight patients underwent inflatable penile prostheses and 15, testicular prostheses consented to the study. Their medical records were reviewed and a follow-up interview and physical and serological examinations were performed. RESULTS: In patients with penile prostheses, there was no abnormal antinuclear antibody (ANA) or IgM elevation. The serum levels of the rheumatoid factor (RF), C4, IgA and IgG were abnormal in one patient, and the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C3, abnormal in two. Four had elevated IgE. In patients with testicular prostheses, there was no abnormal RF, ANA or IgM. The serum levels of ESR and IgA were abnormal in two, and three had abnormal C4, ten abnormal C3, and eleven decreased IgG. All had increased IgE. Men with penile prostheses had higher serum levels of IgG and IgM than those with testicular prostheses (P=0.001, P=0.016, respectively). The rates of abnormal values of IgE and IgG were higher in men with testicular prostheses than in men with penile prostheses (P=0.008, P=0.009, respectively). Physical examination was normal in all patients and nobody had documented symptoms pertinent to connective-tissue diseases. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the risk of connective-tissue diseases is not higher in patients wearing prostheses as the ANA is negative and there is no apparent manifestation suggestive of connective-tissue diseases.

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

Transformed gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma originating in the colon and developing metachronously after Helicobacter pylori eradication:A case report

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma has already been established.However,t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve.In addition,trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy.Two years later,esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H.pylori,and eradication treatment was administered.Two years and nine months later(at the age of 70),a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body,and six months later,a similar lesion was also found in the fundus.One year later(4 years and 3 months after H.pylori eradication),at the age of 72,the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated.A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL.Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation,and trisomy 18q21 was also detected.After 6 courses of R-CHOP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)chemotherapy,all of the above lesions disappeared[complete remission(CR)],and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years.In addition,both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.CONCLUSION Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21,it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H.pylori infection and progressed.

Inhibiting endogenous tissue plasminogen activator enhanced neuronal apoptosis and axonal injury after traumatic brain injury

Tissue plasminogen activator is usually used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke,but the role of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator in traumatic brain injury has been rarely reported.A rat model of traumatic brain injury was established by weight-drop method.The tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor neuroserpin(5μL,0.25 mg/mL)was injected into the lateral ventricle.Neurological function was assessed by neurological severity score.Neuronal and axonal injuries were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Bielschowsky silver staining.Protein level of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator was analyzed by western blot assay.Apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3,neuronal marker neurofilament light chain,astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and microglial marker Iba-1 were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.Apoptotic cell types were detected by immunofluorescence double labeling.Apoptotic cells in the damaged cortex were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining.Degenerating neurons in the damaged cortex were detected by Fluoro-Jade B staining.Expression of tissue plasminogen activator was increased at 6 hours,and peaked at 3 days after traumatic brain injury.Neuronal apoptosis and axonal injury were detected after traumatic brain injury.Moreover,neuroserpin enhanced neuronal apoptosis,neuronal injury and axonal injury,and activated microglia and astrocytes.Neuroserpin further deteriorated neurobehavioral function in rats with traumatic brain injury.Our findings confirm that inhibition of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator aggravates neuronal apoptosis and axonal injury after traumatic brain injury,and activates microglia and astrocytes.This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments of Shaanxi Province of China in June 2015.

Reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

BACKGROUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy takedown.The use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia occurrence.Biologic meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated conditions.Reinforced tissue matrices(R-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic materials.To date,RTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma reversal.METHODS Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or trauma.Following hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,RTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPR)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical approach.Post-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 year.Hernia recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy scan.Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital readmissions.Evaluated complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula formation.RESULTS The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,RTMs(OviTex®LPR:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh positioning.At 1-month and 1-year follow-ups,there were no hernia recurrences(0%).Average hospital stays were 2.1 d±1.2 d and return to work occurred at 8.3 post-operative days±3.0 post-operative days.Three patients(10.7%)were readmitted before the 1-month follow up due to mesh infection and/or gastrointestinal issues.Fistula and mesh infection were observed in two patients each(7.1%),leading to partial mesh removal in one patient(3.6%).There were no complications between 1 month and 1 year(0%).CONCLUSION RTMs were used successfully to treat parastomal and incisional hernias at ileostomy reversal,with no hernia recurrences and favorable outcomes after 1-month and 1-year.

Similarities and differences between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from various human tissues

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) constitute a promising tool in regenerative medicine and can be isolated from different human tissues. However, their biological properties are still not fully characterized. Whereas MSCs from different tissue exhibit many common characteristics, their biological activity and some markers are different and depend on their tissue of origin. Understanding the factors that underlie MSC biology should constitute important points for consideration for researchers interested in clinical MSC application. AIM To characterize the biological activity of MSCs during longterm culture isolated from: bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), skeletal muscles (SMMSCs), and skin (SK-MSCs). METHODS MSCs were isolated from the tissues, cultured for 10 passages, and assessed for: phenotype with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, multipotency with differentiation capacity for osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenesis, stemness markers with qPCR for mRNA for Sox2 and Oct4, and genetic stability for p53 and c-Myc;27 bioactive factors were screened using the multiplex ELISA array, and spontaneous fusion involving a co-culture of SM-MSCs with BM-MSCs or AT-MSCs stained with PKH26 (red) or PKH67 (green) was performed. RESULTS All MSCs showed the basic MSC phenotype;however, their expression decreased during the follow-up period, as confirmed by fluorescence intensity. The examined MSCs express CD146 marker associated with proangiogenic properties;however their expression decreased in AT-MSCs and SM-MSCs, but was maintained in BM-MSCs. In contrast, in SK-MSCs CD146 expression increased in late passages. All MSCs, except BM-MSCs, expressed PW1, a marker associated with differentiation capacity and apoptosis. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs expressed stemness markers Sox2 and Oct4 in long-term culture. All MSCs showed a stable p53 and c-Myc expression. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs maintained their differentiation capacity during the follow-up period. In contrast, SK-MSCs and SM-MSCs had a limited ability to differentiate into adipocytes. BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs revealed similarities in phenotype maintenance, capacity for multilineage differentiation, and secretion of bioactive factors. Because AT-MSCs fused with SM-MSCs as effectively as BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs may constitute an alternative source for BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION Long-term culture affects the biological activity of MSCs obtained from various tissues. The source of MSCs and number of passages are important considerations in regenerative medicine.

玻璃化法保存异体动脉的实验研究

目的 探讨玻璃化法保存动脉的可行性和异体移植的有效性。 方法 家兔6 0只。其中2 4只切取双侧股动脉共计4 8条,平分为2组,分别采用玻璃化法和低温冷冻法保存14 d,作为移植材料。其余36只作为移植对象,平分为3组,每组12只2 4条动脉。A组行新鲜家兔动脉自体移植,B组行玻璃化保存家兔动脉异体移植,C组行低温冷冻保存家兔动脉异体移植。移植前对动脉进行大体和组织学观察。术后行动脉造影了解移植后动脉的通畅率,并分别于术后14、30、6 0和12 0 d取材,对动脉进行大体和组织学观察,测定内膜/中膜比值,并进行组间比较。 结果 移植前B组的动脉完整率为91.6 7% ,优于C组的5 4 .17% ,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 1)。移植后B组的累计通畅率达到87.5 0 % ,与A组差异无统计学意义,但优于C组的6 6 .6 7% ,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。B组的内膜/中膜比值与A、C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。 结论 玻璃化法保存动脉在降温和复温过程中冰晶较少,对动脉整体结构和活性影响较小,能较好地保存动脉的组织结构;玻璃化法保存的动脉异体移植的效果优于低温冷冻法保存的动脉异体移植。

虎耳草属两种虎耳草营养器官的组织解剖学鉴定

对虎耳草及三色虎耳草的形态特征及显微结构等方面进行了比较研究.结果表明:虎耳草的叶较小,近圆形,叶片宽阔肥厚,边缘圆齿状,深绿色,网状叶脉处有白色条纹,表皮细胞较小,表皮绒毛较多且长,叶柄细且长,葡匐茎,紫红色,颜色较浅,叶柄及叶内都有蔟晶分布,茎和叶柄内有较多淀粉,根内初生木质部呈六棱形.而三色虎耳草的叶较大,肾形,叶片较薄,近边缘处具乳白粉红斑宽边,翠绿色,背面有紫红色斑点,表皮细胞较大,表皮绒毛较少且短,叶柄粗且短,匍匐茎,紫红色,颜色较深,叶柄及叶内也有蔟晶分布,茎和叶柄内有很多淀粉粒,根内初生木质部呈三棱形.这些特征的比较为药材的开发和利用提供了科学依据.

Living biodrugs and how tissue source influences mesenchymal stem cell therapeutics for heart failure

In this editorial we comment on the article by Safwan M et al.We especially fo-cused on the cardiac function restoration by the use of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)therapy for heart failure(HF),which has emerged as a new treatment approach as“Living Biodrugs”.HF remains a significant clinical challenge due to the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively,despite advancements in medical and device-based therapies.MSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach,offering benefits beyond traditional treatments through their ability to modulate inflammation,reduce fibrosis,and promote endogenous tissue rege-neration.MSCs can be derived from various tissues,including bone marrow and umbilical cord.Umbilical cord-derived MSCs exhibit superior expansion ca-pabilities,making them an attractive option for HF therapy.Conversely,bone marrow-derived MSCs have been extensively studied for their potential to im-prove cardiac function but face challenges related to cell retention and delivery.Future research is focusing on optimizing MSC sources,enhancing differentiation and immune modulation,and improving delivery methods to overcome current limitations.

Matrix metalloproteases and their tissue inhibitors in non-alcoholic liver fibrosis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

AIM To investigate the relationships among diverse metalloproteases(MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors(TIMPs) and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients.METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in MMPs, TNF-α and CCR5 genes, and serum levels of MMPs and TIMPs were determined in HIV-infected individuals with/out hepatitis C virus(HCV) coinfection. A total of 158 patients were included, 57 of whom were HCVcoinfected. All patients drank < 50 g ethanol/day. Diverse SNPs(MMP-1-1607 1G/2G, MMP-8-799C/T, MMP-9-1562 C/T, MMP-13-77A/G, TNF-α-308 G/A,CCR5-?32), and serum levels of MMPs(2, 3, 8, 9 and 10) and TIMPs(1, 2 and 4) were assessed. Liver fibrosis was determined by transient elastometry, although other non-invasive markers of fibrosis were also considered. Significant liver fibrosis(F ≥ 2) was defined by a transient elastometry value ≥ 7.1 kP a.RESULTS A total of 34 patients(21.5%) had liver fibrosis ≥ F2. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 serum levels were higher in patients with liver fibrosis ≥ F2(P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) and correlated positively with transient elastometry values(P = 0.02 and P = 0.0009, respectively), whereas MMP-9 values were negatively correlated with transient elastometry measurements(P = 0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that high levels of MMP-2(OR = 2.397; 95%CI: 1.191-4.827, P = 0.014) were independently associated with liver fibrosis ≥ F2 in the patients as a whole. MMP-2(OR = 7.179; 95%CI: 1.210-42.581, P = 0.03) and male gender(OR = 10.040; 95%CI: 1.621-62.11, P = 0.013) were also independent predictors of fibrosis ≥ F2 in the HCV-infected subgroup. Likewise, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and MMP-9 were independently associated with transient elastometry values and other non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis. None of the six SNPs evaluated had any significant association with liver fibrosis ≥ F2.CONCLUSION Certain MMPs and TIMPs, particularly MMP-2, seems to be associated with non-alcoholic liver fibrosis in HIVinfected patients with/without HCV coinfection.

不同剂量甜菜碱对热应激肉鸡组织器官发育的影响

选择将1日龄肉用仔鸡200只,随机分成3组,在试验期内,环境温度为28～31℃,湿度为83～87%。对照组仅喂基础日粮,试验1组、试验2组分别在基础日粮添中加0.1%、0.3%的甜菜碱。结果表明:试验1组鸡在38～47日龄甲状腺的重量和肾上腺重量显著增加(P<0.05),在48～57日龄试验1组鸡胸腺、胃、肝脏、心脏的重量显著增加(P<0.05),睾丸的重量极显著增加。在试验期内,与对照组相比较,试验1组鸡胰、脾、法氏囊、肺和肾重量差异都不显著(P>0.05)。试验2组鸡除了在48～57日龄睾丸重量极显著增加(P<0.01)以外,其它器官重量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验2组与试验1组鸡在整个试验期内各器官重量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。组织学观察表明,在高温环境中,对照组鸡肾、心脏、肺、肝、胃、脾、胸腺等器官出现不同程度病理变化,但试验1组鸡上述组织器官未见有明显变化,这说明,甜菜碱具有一定的抗热应激作用。

转基因741杨高效配套育苗体系建立

针对转基因741杨硬枝扦插难生根的特性,将组织培养及多种扦插繁殖技术有机结合在一起,建立了转基因741杨综合配套育苗体系,提出了适合无性繁殖的"遮阴间歇喷雾扦插"和"移棚不移苗扦插繁殖"育苗方法。转基因741杨组培快繁中,初始启动培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,嫩茎增殖培养基为MS +6-BA 0.3-1.0 mg/L+,IBA 0-0.3 mg/L,茎尖生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3IBA+1.5%蔗糖。不同月份嫩枝扦插培养的苗木中,5月份扦插的嫩枝生长较快,但苗木间分化程度较高;8月份扦插的嫩枝生长相对较慢,但苗木的分化程度低,生长整齐。不同月份苗木移栽后,生长节律相同,经过1 a生长,不同月份间苗木生长差异不明显,5月份扦插的苗木生长略优于其他月份扦插的苗木。