The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang on the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats

Objective:To test two theories from traditional Chinese medicine:'exterior -interior relationship between the lung and large intestine' and 'treating from the intestine principle for lung disorders'.The influence of intestine-based treatment using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang (XBCQT) on the concentration of three trace elements-copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),and manganese (Mn)-was observed in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach of rats suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into five groups:control;model;Fei treatment (A);Chang treatment (B);and Fei-Chang treatment (C).A rat model of COPD was prepared by tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide plus exposure to cigarette smoke.Treatments with medicinal herbs started day-22 of administration and exposure to cigarette smoke for 7 days.The control group and model group were administered physiologic (0.9%) saline solution via the stomach.After 7 days of intervention,the tissues of the lung,small intestine,large intestine,and stomach were removed.Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy was used to detect the levels of Cu,Zn,and Mn in those tissues.Results:Compared with the control group,the Cu concentration in the tissues of the small intestine,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,large intestine,and stomach increased significantly in the model group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the model group (P <.05).In comparison of the model group:the Cu concentration in the tissues of the lung and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Mn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine decreased significantly in the B group (P <.05);the Zn concentration in the tissues of the lung,small intestine,and large intestine increased significantly in the B group (P <.05).For the A group versus C group comparison,the Zn concentration in the tissues of the small intestine and stomach increased significantly in the latter (P <.05).Conclusion:This study showed that 'treating from the intestine' using Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang and its modified formulae can regulate the concentration of trace elements in the main organs of COPD rats.This may be one of the mechanisms for intestine-based treatment for COPD.

Thirty-six Cases of Respiratory Dysfunction Treated with the Modified Sheng Xian Tang

The patients with respiratory dysfunction usually suffer from dyspnea similar toasthma with oppressed feeling in the chest, and they need a deep inspiration before expiration. The author has in recent years used the modified Sheng Xian Tang (升陷汤Decoction for Elevating the Sunken Qi) for treatment of the disorder with good therapeutic results. A report follows. ……

Mufangji tang ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension through improving vascular remodeling,inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress,and inducing apoptosis

Background:Mufangji tang(MFJT)is composed of Ramulus Cinnamomi,Radix Ginseng,Cocculus orbiculatus(Linn.)DC.,and Gypsum.In clinical settings,MFJT has been effectively employed in addressing a range of respiratory disorders,notably including pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).However,the mechanism of action of MFJT on PAH remains unknown.Methods:In this study,a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model was established and treated with MFJT.The therapeutic effects of MFJT on PAH rat model were evaluated.Network pharmacology was conducted to screen the possible targets for MFJT on PAH,and the molecular docking between the main active components and the core targets was carried out.The key targets identified from network pharmacology were tested.Results:Results showed significant therapeutic effects of MFJT on PAH rat model.Analysis of network pharmacology revealed several potential targets related to apoptosis,inflammation,oxidative stress,and vascular remodeling.Molecular docking showed that the key components were well docked with the core targets.Further experimental validation results that MFJT treatment induced apoptosis(downregulated Bcl-2 levels and upregulated Bax levels in lung tissue),inhibited inflammatory response and oxdative stress(decreased the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,inducible NOS,and malondialdehyde,and increased the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase,nitric oxide,glutathione and superoxide dismutase),reduced the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(downregulated ET-1 andβ-catenin levels and ERK1/2 phosphorylation,increased GSK3βlevels).Conclusion:Our study revealed MFJT treatment could alleviate PAH in rats via induction of apoptosis,inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress,and the prevention of vascular remodeling.

Therapeutic effect of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules in cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND Cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis is a common middle-aged and elderly disease,but its pathogenesis is not fully understood,and its clinical treatment has limitations.Glucosamine sulfate capsules are commonly used for treating arthritis,and San Bi Tang is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)that has the effects of warming yang,dispelling dampness,relaxing muscles,and activating collaterals.This research hypothesized that the combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules could enhance the clinical efficacy of treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis through complementary effects.AIM To analyze the clinical efficacy of San Bi Tang combined with glucosamine sulfate capsules when treating cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis.METHODS A total of 110 patients with cold-dampness-type knee osteoarthritis were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group of 55 cases each.The control group received only treatment with glucosamine sulfate capsules,while the experimental group received additional treatment with modified San Bi Tang for a duration of 5 wk.The patients’knee joint functions,liver and kidney function indicators,adverse reactions,and vital signs were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.RESULTS Before treatment,the two groups’genders,ages,and scores were not significantly different,indicating comparability.Both groups’scores improved after treatment,which could indicate pain and knee joint function improvement,but the test group had better scores.The TCM-specific symptoms and the clinical efficacy of the treatment in the test group were higher.Before and after treatment,there were no abnormalities in the patients’liver and kidney function indicators.CONCLUSION The combination of modified San Bi Tang and glucosamine sulfate capsules is superior to treatment with sulfated glucosamine alone and has high safety.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Tao Hong Si Wu Tang in mice with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common combination of comorbidities.Anti-inflammation and modulation of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance may prevent COPD-induced LC,and are also crucial to the treatment of LC combined with COPD.Modern studies have shown that Tao Hong Si Wu Tang(THSW)has vasodilatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue,anti-shock,immunoregulatory,lipid-reducing,micronutrient-supplementing,and anti-allergy effects.AIM To observe the effects of THSW on COPD and LC in mice.METHODS A total of 100 specific pathogen-free C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups:Blank control group(group A),model control group(group B),THSW group(group C),IL-6 group(group D),and THSW+IL-6 group(group E),with 20 mice in each group.A COPD mouse model was established using fumigation plus lipopolysaccharide intra-airway drip,and an LC model was replicated by in situ inoculation using the Lewis cell method.RESULTS The blank control group exhibited a clear alveolar structure.The model control and IL-6 groups had thickened alveolar walls,with smaller alveolar lumens,interstitial edema,and several inflammatory infiltrating cells.Histopathological changes in the lungs of the THSW and THSW+IL-6 groups were less than those of the model control group.The serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues of mice in the rest of the groups were significantly higher than those of the blank control group(P<0.01).Compared with the model control group,the IL-6 group demonstrated significantly higher levels for the abovementioned proteins in the serum and lung tissues(P<0.01),and the THSW group had significantly higher serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues(P<0.01)but significantly decreased IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R levels(P<0.01).CONCLUSION THSW reduces the serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels in the mouse model with anti-inflammatory effects.Its antiinflammatory mechanism lies in inhibiting the overactivation of the JAK/STAT1/3 signaling pathway.

麻黄汤中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱在人体药代动力学研究

目的:建立气相色谱—选择离子质谱法(GC -MS/SIM )测定人体血液中麻黄碱(ephedrine ,E)、伪麻黄碱(pseu doephedrine ,PE)的浓度,以此进行麻黄汤药代动力学研究。方法:用GC MS/SIM法,HP 5弹性石英毛细管(2 5m×0 .2mmID) ,载气He ,柱流量1.0ml/min ,无分流进样,柱初温80℃,1min后以15℃/min升至2 0 0℃,再以2 0℃/min升至2 40℃,保持5min ,选择离子(SIM ,m /z =15 4,2 65 ) ,进样量1μl。结果:E、PE分别在5ng/ml～10 0 0ng/ml,2 .5ng/ml～5 0 0ng/ml范围内与峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系(r =0 .9988,r =0 .9994) ,最低检测浓度分别为2ng/ml ,1ng/ml(S/N =3 )。加样回收率分别为10 7.5 %～96.2 % ,10 2 .5 %～93 .9%。两者日内、日间精密度的RSD <10 %。血浆样品60天内稳定性RSD <10 %。用本法测定了12名志愿者口服麻黄汤后血浆中药物浓度经时变化过程,并对其药动学参数进行估算。结论:本法稳定、准确,灵敏度高,适于E、PE的动力学研究。

中药系列组方治疗艾滋病生存10年以上病例报告

目的:中国和坦桑尼亚合作观察中药治疗艾滋病的疗效。方法:根据临床证候不同,辨证分型为风寒外袭、风热在表、肝胆湿热、脾胃气虚、气虚血瘀、气阴两虚型,分别给予通宣理肺散(丸)、小柴胡汤、龙胆泻肝汤(丸)、参苓白术散、生脉饮等进行治疗。结果:23例患者经治疗已存活10a以上,一般治疗0.5a临床症状大部分消失。通过中药治疗至2.5a时,CD4与体重明显升高。结论:临床实践证明,中药治疗艾滋病病情稳定时间较长,远期效果较好。

Effects of Lizhong Tang on cultured mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal

AIM:To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,an herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine,on mouse small intestine interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS:Enzymatic digestions were used to dissociate ICCs from mouse small intestine tissues.The ICCs were morphologically distinct from other cell types in culture and were identified using phase contrast microscopy after verification with anti c-kit antibody.A whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record potentials(current clamp) from cultured ICCs.All of the experiments were performed at 30-32 ℃.RESULTS:ICCs generated pacemaker potentials,and Lizhong Tang produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode.The application of flufenamic acid(a nonselective cation channel blocker) abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.Pretreatment with thapsigargin(a Ca 2+-ATPase inhibi-tor in the endoplasmic reticulum) also abolished the generation of pacemaker potentials by Lizhong Tang.However,pacemaker potentials were completely abolished in the presence of an external Ca 2+-free solution,and under this condition,Lizhong Tang induced membrane depolarizations.Furthermore,When GDPβ-S(1 mmol/L) was in the pipette solution,Lizhong Tang still induced membrane depolarizations.In addition,membrane depolarizations were not inhibited by chelerythrine or calphostin C,which are protein kinase C inhibitors,but were inhibited by U-73122,an active phospholipase C inhibitors.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that Lizhong Tang might affect gastrointestinal motility by modulating pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal.

杜甫诗中的“尧舜”情结与文化传统根源研究

从文化人类学角度来追溯杜甫诗歌中的尧舜崇拜、祖先崇拜与杜氏家族意识根源,对探索杜甫爱国主义精神和民主主义渊源,有较大的作用。杜甫是伟大的爱国主义诗人,他胸怀博大,爱民如子,其诗屡次出现“致君尧舜上,再使风俗淳。”为君为民苦拈须,屡歌“尧舜”非无因,他是远古时期杜国杰出的远裔,诗歌王国伟大的旗手。杜甫的家族情结颇浓,他在内心深处以远古帝“尧”为祖先。一帆风顺时,他歌唱尧舜,在窘困岁月,杜甫更是把“尧舜”作为精神上的太阳与支撑,与“尧舜”进行精神交流,他心中潜存的追念杜氏先祖尧、尧裔杜国及杜甫的家族观念,显示出中华民族传统姓氏文化的特质,从心理深层而言,这是杜甫爱国情操来源之一。多年来,这为学界所忽略。

Gaze and Oppositional Gaze in Mr. Tang’s Girls

The gaze is a means of power that can flow through family relationships.It has intense regulatory overtones.In her short story Mr.Tang’s Girls,Malaysian-Chinese Anglophone diasporic writer Shirley Geok-lin Lim shows the conflict between Eastern and Western cultures and the resistance of women under the oppression of patriarchy through the portrayal of the father,Ah Kong,and the eldest daughter,Kim Li.Based on Foucault’s discipline gaze and Hooks’oppositional gaze,this article analyzes the power operation in the story from the following three aspects:the male gaze,discipline and self-discipline,and the oppositional gaze.Kim Li’s subjective image of breaking free from male ownership control has been presented.It suggests the difficulties encountered by female groups in their rebellion against the male gaze and their pursuit of freedom and emancipation.It also reflects the tragedy of awakening women’s destinies under the dual oppression of patriarchy and the East-Westen cultural conflict.

《乐学轨范》唐琵琶乐调考

《乐学轨范》所录唐乐是来自中国古代的音乐,其中唐琵琶乐调一方面说明当时传入朝鲜的琵琶乐调,也在一定程度上呈现出宋代琵琶乐调的面貌。唐琵琶的形制保存了中国唐宋时期琵琶的特点,唐琵琶上用于"唐乐"的"上调"和"下调",对照律吕名称可能是宋代燕乐调中的"中吕宫"和"南吕宫"。唐琵琶上用于"乡乐"的"平调"和"界面调"是相差一个大二度的两个调高,而平调的最早来源是汉代的"相和三调"。唐琵琶乐调对于中韩乐律学史具有难得的研究价值。

唐五代宫廷乐舞考释

唐五代宫词保存了丰富的宫廷乐舞,涉及众多的歌舞者以及器乐,尤以琵琶演奏和笙歌为最;所写唐教坊大曲以《霓裳羽衣》为多,兼及软舞、健舞、字舞等舞蹈样式,具有重要的史料价值。

关于“门光尺”——答英国Mr.H·W·Tang

本刊英国读者邓孔怀先生(Mr.H·W·Tang)在《古建园林技术》总第六期研读了路长先生的《门光尺》一文(见总第六期第55～56页),甚感兴趣。邓先生参考《鲁班经》、《中国古代建筑技术史》(以下简称《技术史》)、清工部《工程做法则例》(以下简称《则例》)等文献资料。

四君子汤总多糖及各单味药多糖对大鼠小肠上皮细胞株IEC-6细胞增殖的影响

目的研究四君子汤总多糖及各单味药多糖对大鼠小肠上皮细胞株IEC-6细胞增殖的影响。方法以IEC-6细胞为研究对象,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法,观察四君子汤总多糖及各单味药多糖对该细胞增殖的影响。结果各多糖的作用存在差异,茯苓多糖具有明显的促进细胞生长的作用,甘草多糖与党参多糖作用不显著,而白术多糖则具有明显的抑制细胞生长的作用。当采用每两味多糖组合时,结果表明所有两组多糖作用强度远不如四君子汤总多糖。结论四君子汤总多糖的作用可能是各种单味药多糖综合作用的结果,也提示中药复方用药具有一定的合理性。

On C-E Translation of Chinese Tang Poetry from the Perspective of Ecotranslatology

Tang poetry is a shining pearl in the history of Chinese literature.C-E translation of Tang poetry is regarded as a very complex and hard task because of its special style and form,concise diction and profound artistic conception.Eco-translatology provides a new perspective for the study on C-E translation of Tang poetry.Based on analysis of some practical examples,this paper discusses some C-E translation methods of tang poetry from the perspective of eco-translatology,namely,adaptive transformation from linguistic,cultural and communicative dimensions.

Effect of Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy on tumor markers and immune function in patients with advanced breast cancer

Objective:To study the effect of Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy on tumor markers and immune function in patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods: 76 patients with advanced breast cancer treated in our hospital between May 2012 and November 2015 were collected and divided into the combined treatment group (n=34) who accepted Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy and the control group (n=42) who accepted intravenous chemotherapy alone according to different treatment, and the treatment cycle was 3 months for both groups. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of broad-spectrum tumor markers and breast cancer-specific tumor markers;flow cytometer was used to detect cellular immune function index levels, and turbidimetric immunoassay was used to detect humoral immune function index levels in peripheral blood.Results: Before treatment, differences in serum tumor marker levels as well as cellular immunity and humoral immunity index levels in peripheral blood were not statistically significant between two groups of patients (P>0.05);after 3 months of treatment, broad-spectrum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels in serum of combined treatment group were lower than those of control group, and breast cancer-specific tumor markers insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), midkine (MK), soluble E-cadherin (sEC) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of combined treatment group were higher than those of control group while CD8+ T lymphocyte level was lower than that of control group, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in peripheral blood were higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy can decrease the severity of advanced breast cancer and optimize the body's immune function.

Protective Effects of Danggui Buxue Tang on a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelialcell Damage Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been regarded as a pivotal inducer in diabetes and kinds of diabetic nephropathy. The present studies explored the effects of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) that is a Chinese medicinal de- coction on negative charge to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) and the related mechanism. Alcian blue staining was established to evaluate the intensity of negative charge on HUVEC. Proteoglycan expressions of AGP and avidin were determined by SDS-PAGE. We observed that DBT can significantly increase negative charge on HU-VEC and up-regulated AGP and avidin expressions and ameliorate AGEs-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Therefore, all results showed DBT had prevention effects against the progression of AGEs-induced damage, and this decoction might be promising agent against proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy.

隋唐河东地方家族变迁略探——以襄垣浩喆家族为例

根据近年考古发现及石刻文献探讨北朝至隋唐潞州襄垣浩喆家族的兴衰变迁史,发现目前出土的五方浩喆家族墓志中书写的其先祖及本人官职真伪参半,其中一些较为显赫的官职多为其家族成员为炫耀家族政治地位而编造,他们实际上主要在潞州襄垣本地任职,以州、县僚佐为主,同时也有一些没有实职的版授官。这类官职虽然在中央官僚体系中微不足道,却为其家族在地方上积累了一定的政治资源,使他们成为襄垣地方较有势力的家族。然而其家族在文化方面的素养不高,在九品中正制取消之后,他们无法通过参加科举获得更高的政治地位,其势力范围只能局限于潞州襄垣本地,难有向上发展的机会,导致其家族历史随墓志记载至唐中宗时期戛然而止,在一定程度上说明其家族入唐以后在政治上并未取得突破性发展。虽然有证据表明唐宋时期潞州地区仍有不少浩氏聚居于此,但似乎再未有类似于浩喆家族的地方家族出现。以浩喆家族作为考察对象,从不同视角探讨隋唐废止乡长对地方家族及地方社会的影响,研究结论认为隋唐乡里制度的改变导致地方家族难以有上升空间,地方社会也因此在政治方面表现得更具限制性、封闭性,这是造成中晚唐藩镇割据局面出现的根源之一。

Effects of Lizhong Tang on gastrointestinal motility in mice

AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang,a traditional Chinese medicine formula,on gastrointestinal motility in mice.METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates(ITRs) and gastric emptying(GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD).RESULTS In normal ICR mice,the ITR and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Lizhong Tang(ITR values: 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 65.2% ± 1.8%,P < 0.01 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 54.4% ± 1.9% vs 83.8% ± 1.9%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang; GE values: 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 66.8% ± 2.1%,P < 0.05 with 0.1 g/kg Lizhong Tang and 60.7% ± 1.9% vs 72.5% ± 1.7%,P < 0.01 with 1 g/kg Lizhong Tang). The ITRs of the GMD mice were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal mice,which were significantly and dose-dependently reversed by Lizhong Tang. Additionally,in loperamide- and cisplatin-induced models of GE delay,Lizhong Tang administration reversed the GE deficits.CONCLUSION These results suggest that Lizhong Tang may be a novel candidate for development as a prokinetic treatment for the GI tract.

基于免疫调节探讨葛根汤颗粒治疗小鼠病毒性肺炎的作用机制

目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-1·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),每组10只,采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液感染建立小鼠病毒性肺炎模型,同时给予相关药物治疗。观察各组小鼠肺指数及肺指数抑制率,RT-PCR法检测肺组织核酸,ELISA法检测小鼠肺组织因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α;同时采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液滴鼻感染小鼠,造成死亡保护模型,观察小鼠感染后2周内的死亡情况,计算小鼠的死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率。结果葛根汤颗粒中剂量组肺指数及肺组织病毒载量显著降低(P<0.01),肺指数抑制率为50.73%;葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01)、葛根汤颗粒中、低剂量组肺组织炎性因子TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.01);葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.01);模型组小鼠死亡率90%,平均存活天数9.45 d,葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组小鼠死亡率显著降低、平均存活天数显著延长,生命延长率显著提高(P<0.01)。结论葛根汤颗粒可通过调节模型小鼠免疫炎性因子水平达到改善病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的作用,同时可显著降低模型小鼠肺指数和肺组织病毒载量,从而减轻模型小鼠的肺部炎性损伤;对模型小鼠有死亡保护作用。