Development and Testing of an Automatic Turning Movement Identification System at Signalized Intersections

Vehicle turning movement data from signalized intersections is utilized for numerous applications in the field of transportation. Such applications include real-time adaptive signal control, dynamic traffic assignment, and traffic demand estimation. However, it is very time consuming and costly to obtain vehicle turning movement information manually. Previous efforts to simplify this process were focused on solving the problem using an O-D matrix, but this method proved to be inaccurate and unreliable with the existing data acquisition system. Another study involved the identification of vehicle turning movements from the detector information, but the presence of shared lanes led to uncertainties in vehicle matching, thus limiting application of the method only to intersections without shared lanes. In light of those unsuccessful attempts, this paper develops and tests a system called the Automatic Turning Movement Identification System (ATMIS), which estimates vehicle turning movements at a signalized intersection in real time, regardless of its geometry. The results from lab experiments as well as a field test show that the algorithm is very promising and may potentially be expanded for field applications.

A Workable Solution for Reducing the Large Number of Vehicle and Pedestrian Accidents Occurring on a Yellow Light

Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.

A Novel Cascaded PID Controller for Automatic Generation Control Analysis With Renewable Sources

Present day power scenarios demand a high quality uninterrupted power supply and needs environmental issues to be addressed. Both concerns can be dealt with by the introduction of the renewable sources to the existing power system. Thus, automatic generation control(AGC) with diverse renewable sources and a modified-cascaded controller are presented in the paper.Also, a new hybrid scheme of the improved teaching learning based optimization-differential evolution(hITLBO-DE) algorithm is applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. A study of the system with a technique such as TLBO applied to a proportional integral derivative(PID), integral double derivative(IDD) and PIDD is compared to hITLBO-DE tuned cascaded controller with dynamic load change.The suggested methodology has been extensively applied to a 2-area system with a diverse source power system with various operation time non-linearities such as dead-band of, generation rate constraint and reheat thermal units. The multi-area system with reheat thermal plants, hydel plants and a unit of a wind-diesel combination is tested with the cascaded controller scheme with a different controller setting for each area. The variation of the load is taken within 1% to 5% of the connected load and robustness analysis is shown by modifying essential factors simultaneously by± 30%. Finally, the proposed scheme of controller and optimization technique is also tested with a 5-equal area thermal system with non-linearities. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller and algorithm under a dynamically changing load.

Genomic Instability in Cancer II: 4N-Skewed (90°) Reductive Division via Fragile Sites to Fitness Increase for Solid and Hematological Cancer Beginnings

The objective herein was to connect the ontogeny process of diplochromosomal, amitotic, 4n-skewed division-system, to cytogenetic deficiency lesions in satellite, repetitive DNAs, especially in the chromosomal fragile sites, some 100 distributed over the genome. These latter studies had shown that chemical induced replication-stress led to un-replicated lesions in these fragile sites, which from inaccurate repair processes caused genomic instability. In the chain of events of the ontogeny process to the special tetraploidy, it was proposed that primary damaged human cells could undergo replication stress from repair-process present during cell replication, a suggestion verified by X-ray damaged cells producing the unstable fragile sites (see text). The cancer-importance for therapy is recognition of cell cycle change for the 4n derivative fitness-gained, diploid progeny cells. An open question is whether RB controlling G1 to S-period is mutated at this suggested tumorigenesis initiating phase, and if so, with what consequences for therapy. The fragile site studies further showed that repair of repetitive DNAs could produce two types of genomic changes: single gene mutations and CNVs, which were here shown to be chromosomally located on “borders” to repairing satellite lesions. This genomic placement was found to correspond to mutations identified in tumor sequencing (p53, Rb, MYC), favoring a bad luck location for their cancer “mutational nature”. The CNVs in cancers, are here seen as molecular expressions of long-known cytogenetic HSRs and DMs also with demonstrated origin from amplifications of single genes. Over-expression of oncogenes was hinted of being from duplications, but Drosophila genetics demonstrated the opposite, gene inactivation. The reduced eye-size from dominant, BAR-Ultra-Bar-eye phenotypes, was caused by duplications, inactivating the genetic system for eye-size. The finding of CNVs showing “evasion” of the immune system suggests, inactivation of immune-determining genetics. Since mutated genes on borders to satellite DNAs are a fact in hematological cancers, the 4n-skewed division-system is suggested to replace debated leukemogenesis with fitness-gain from molecular mutations. For these cancers the question is how normal bone marrow cells attain genomic damage for special tetraploidy, which was referred to studies of cells moving in artificial marrow-like substrate, needing serious attention.

Implementation of Mooring Automatic Positioning System for Deepwater Semi-Submersible Platform Based on Dual-Stage Actuator

The automatic positioning control of mooring system for deepwater semi-submersible platform has become a key issue in the research and development field of deep-sea resources. The Dual- Stage Actuator (DSA) proposed in this paper can replace the single actuator to achieve the high speed and high precision positioning by cooperative control. The relative model and control algorithm of motion trajectory (CAMT) are designed and validated, which proves that the method proposed in this paper is effective.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

Automatic Identification for Laparoscopic Surgical Procedure for Ligation and Online Distinction of Abnormal Manipulation for Thread Knotting

Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure compared with laparotomy. In particular, considerable skills and care are required for thread knotting in laparoscopic surgery. In this paper, a method for automatic identification of a laparoscopic surgical procedure for ligation and online distinction of an abnormality, defined as any unusual manipulation, in the identified surgical procedure is proposed. Ligation is divided into several individual surgical procedures, and on the basis of the threshold criteria, each surgical procedure is identified. Next, the identified surgical procedure, thread knotting, is classified as either normal or abnormal using a self-organizing map. Finally, to reduce surgical error, an abnormality warning system which warns detection of an unusual manipulation in the surgical procedure to the operator is constructed.

论电子商务交易的流转税法律属性问题

如何确定电子商务在线交易数据化产品的流转税法律属性,是目前中外各国财税当局在电子商务税收实践中面临的共同问题,税法理论界也存在着不同的观点。在我国现行流转税体制未进行结构性的改革调整的情况下,在线交易的数据化产品提供,不宜视为增值税意义上的销售货物行为,而应该区别具体情况,分别确定为营业税意义上的提供服务或转让无形财产交易。这样能够在更大程度上体现税收中性原则和实现课税公平,也有利于我国对电子商务课征流转税的制度与未来可能形成的电子商务流转税国际协调规则的接轨。

Automatic Detection Instrument for the Ratio of Chlorine to Bromine in Oxidized Liquid of Bromine Production Based on Fuzzy Method

In the process of bromine production,because of lag adjustment methods,there are problems of adjusting delay,raw material wastage and low growth rate.By considering the nature of bromine production,with the help of fuzzy data processing method,computer detection and display technique,we designed an automatic detection instrument for the ratio of chlorine to bromine in oxidized liquid of bromine production.This instrument can be used to detect the different parameters of raw materials adjustment and control in real time,and afford assurance that raw materials will be adjusted in time.This paper briefly introduces the working mechanism,hardware and software design of the instrument.

XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数稳定性研究

目的 对XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数进行稳定性观察和评估。方法 所有EDTA- K2 抗凝标本的进样均采用开放模式,分别进行短时间(1h内)稳定性和长时间(72h)不同时段不同放置温度的稳定性考查。结果 所有参数,包括自动化白细胞(WBC)五分类,均在60min内保持稳定并未出现显著的变化;长时间稳定性的研究显示无论在冷藏条件还是在室温条件下,WBC、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)和红细胞(RBC)及分类参数在72h内未发生显著变化;WBC分类结果的稳定性优于RBC体积参数的稳定性。RBC体积参数的稳定性在室温条件下12h开始发生体积增大变化, 24h发生显著变化,而冷藏条件下可保持24h。结论 XE-2100血液分析仪短时间结果稳定。长时间稳定性研究显示在自动分类参数方面3d内具有良好的稳定性。RBC分类的稳定性优于RBC检测的稳定性。

Endogenous automatic nerve discharge promotes nerve repair: an optimized animal model

Exogenous electrical nerve stimulation has been reported to promote nerve regeneration. Our previous study has suggested that endogenous automatic nerve discharge of the phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve has a positive effect on nerve regeneration at 1 month postoperatively, but a negative effect at 2 months postoperatively, which may be caused by scar compression. In this study, we designed four different rat models to avoid the negative effect from scar compression. The control group received musculocutaneous nerve cut and repair. The other three groups were subjected to side-to-side transfer of either the phrenic(phrenic nerve group), intercostal(intercostal nerve group) or thoracodorsal nerves(thoracic dorsal nerve group), with sural nerve autograft distal to the anastomosis site. Musculocutaneous nerve regeneration was assessed by electrophysiology of the musculocutaneous nerve, muscle tension, muscle wet weight, maximum cross-sectional area of biceps, and myelinated fiber numbers of the proximal and distal ends of the anastomosis site of the musculocutaneous nerve and the middle of the nerve graft. At 1 month postoperatively, compound muscle action potential amplitude of the biceps in the phrenic nerve group and the intercostal nerve group was statistically higher than that in the control group. The myelinated nerve fiber numbers in the distal end of the musculocutaneous nerve and nerve graft anastomosis in the phrenic nerve and the intercostal nerve groups were statistically higher than those in the control and thoracic dorsal nerve groups. The neural degeneration rate in the middle of the nerve graft in the thoracic dorsal nerve group was statistically higher than that in the phrenic nerve and the intercostal nerve groups. At 2 and 3 months postoperatively, no significant difference was detected between the groups in all the assessments. These findings confirm that the phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve have a positive effect on nerve regeneration at the early stage of recovery. This study established an optimized animal model in which suturing the nerve graft to the distal site of the musculocutaneous nerve anastomosis prevented the inhibition of recovery from scar compression.

Design and Construction of Automatic Monitoring System for Open-pit Coal Mine Slopes

[Objectives]To monitor the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes in real time and ensure the safety of coal mine production.[Methods]The automatic monitoring system of coal mine slope was explored in depth,and the core functions of the system were designed comprehensively.According to the design function of the automatic monitoring system,the slope automatic monitoring system was constructed.Besides,in accordance with the actual situation of the slope,the monitoring frequency of slopes was set scientifically,and the key indicators such as rainfall,deep displacement and surface displacement of the slopes were monitored in an all-round and multi-angle way.[Results]During the monitoring period,the overall condition of the slope remained good,and no landslides or other geological disasters occurred.At the same time,the overall rainfall in the slope area remained low.In terms of monitoring data,the horizontal displacement and settlement of the slopes increased first and then tended to be stable.Specifically,the maximum horizontal displacement during the monitoring period was 22.74 mm,while the maximum settlement was 18.65 mm.[Conclusions]The automatic slope monitoring system has obtained remarkable achievements in practical application.It not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of slope stability monitoring,but also provides valuable reference experience for similar projects.

Automatic de-noising and recognition algorithm for drilling fluid pulse signal

Wavelet forced de-noising algorithm is suitable for denoising of unsteady drilling fluid pulse signal, including baseline drift rectification and two-stage de-noising processing of frame synchronization signal and instruction signal. Two-stage de-noising processing can reduce the impact of baseline drift and determine automatic peak detection threshold range for signal recognition by distinguishing different features of frame synchronization pulse and instruction pulse. Rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold is defined for peak detection in signal recognition, which can make full use of the degree of the signal peak change and detect peaks flexibly with rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold combination. A synchronous decoding method was designed to reduce position uncertainty of the frame synchronization pulse and eliminate the accumulative error of time base drift, which determines the first instruction pulse position according to position of the frame synchronization pulse and decodes subsequent instruction pulse by taking current instruction pulse as new bit synchronization pulse. Special tool software was developed to tune algorithm parameters, which has a decoding success rate of about 95% for the universal coded signals. For the special coded signals with check byte, decoding success rate using the automatic threshold adjustment algorithm is as high as 99%.

Probabilistic Automatic Outlier Detection for Surface Air Quality Measurements from the China National Environmental Monitoring Network

Although quality assurance and quality control procedures are routinely applied in most air quality networks, outliers can still occur due to instrument malfunctions, the influence of harsh environments and the limitation of measuring methods. Such outliers pose challenges for data-powered applications such as data assimilation, statistical analysis of pollution characteristics and ensemble forecasting. Here, a fully automatic outlier detection method was developed based on the probability of residuals, which are the discrepancies between the observed and the estimated concentration values. The estimation can be conducted using filtering—or regressions when appropriate—to discriminate four types of outliers characterized by temporal and spatial inconsistency, instrument-induced low variances, periodic calibration exceptions, and less PM_(10) than PM_(2.5) in concentration observations, respectively. This probabilistic method was applied to detect all four types of outliers in hourly surface measurements of six pollutants(PM_(2.5), PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2,CO and O_3) from 1436 stations of the China National Environmental Monitoring Network during 2014-16. Among the measurements, 0.65%-5.68% are marked as outliers. with PM_(10) and CO more prone to outliers. Our method successfully identifies a trend of decreasing outliers from 2014 to 2016,which corresponds to known improvements in the quality assurance and quality control procedures of the China National Environmental Monitoring Network. The outliers can have a significant impact on the annual mean concentrations of PM_(2.5),with differences exceeding 10 μg m^(-3) at 66 sites.

Study of Stress Sources and Critical Stress Combinations for the Input Shaft of a Longitudinally Mounted Four Speed Automotive Automatic Transmission Model

In the present paper;two models of the input shaft for a Longitudinal Mounted four Speed Automotive Automatic Transmission for the first time were introduced to describe the input shaft critical loads. In the first model;the DC (Direct Clutch) connects two gears together. This gives no change in the set torque (the set output torque equal to the set input torque). In the second model;the ODB (Over Drive Brake) fixes one element of the planetary set. This is resulting, the gear set gives reduction ratio (the set output torque is not equal to the set input torque). So, the transmission input shaft is worked under two different working operating conditions of torque. Also, it is loaded by a two vertical loads which are coming from the turbine and planetary set loads respectively. They are shown that there are three critical combinations of forces (contact force, shear force, and normal force) applied on the input shaft. The critical forces can be possibility exist three types of cracks for the input shaft cross section they are: transverse (torsion stress), longitudinal (bending stress), and vertical (shear stress). The three cracks are studied in this article. The article considers three stress factors: shearing torsion stress, shear stress, and bending stress.

三峡地区主要地类的自动提取方法研究

针对三峡地区地貌类型复杂、土地利用多元化及遥感影像变异大的特征,在完成图像预处理和辅助资料收集的前提下,提出了一种基于样本和辅助资料可交互作业的计算机全自动土地利用类型提取方法。应用专业的图像处理软件eCognition为平台,通过选取样本、寻找最佳波段并生成判别函数来达到提取的目的,在很大程度上减弱了遥感判读中“同物异谱”、“异物同谱”、“边界过渡”等现象对分类结果的影响。分类结果输出为常用的栅格以及矢量格式,方便地实现了与其它栅格和矢量处理软件的兼容。运用自动提取的方法完成了三峡地区主要土地利用类型的自动提取工作并取得了较高的验证精度;在大面积的土地利用调查中应用遥感图像自动分类方法来获取土地利用信息的技术路线和方法方面作了一定探索。

PLC在天然气调压站自动控制系统中的应用研究

在简单介绍天然气调压站工作原理的基础上,详细讨论了用PLC实现天然气调压站自动控制系统的设计。系统通过实时监测调压站关键部位的压力、压差、阀位和流量等主要参数,及时反映调压站的实际工作状况,并作用于执行机构进行调整,确保供气系统安全稳定的工作。系统可以通过本地触摸屏和远程网络两种方式进行实时监控,并为上位机预留了标准的Modbus通信接口,便于系统远程网络化控制管理。

Investigation of Self Excited Torsional Vibrations of Different Configurations of Automatic Transmission Systems during Engagement

The vehicle drive line system is subjected to torsional vibration from different sources of the system such as;engine fluctuating torque, Hook’s joint and the final drive. However, the essential source is the friction torque induced in the friction elements, during their engagement. In the automatic transmission system, the planetary gear set includes several friction elements such as;clutch, band brakes, and one way clutch. During the engagement, severe torsional vibration is induced by friction which is noticeable by the passengers in the form of what so called vehicle shunt. In present paper, a torsional vibration model for Drive Line (DL) system includes three different configurations of automatic transmission is constructed. A computer program using MATLAB subroutines is implemented to obtain the system response. Effect of system parameters on the dynamic behavior and stability has been investigated. The system damping and the trend of the friction coefficient have an essential effect on the dynamic behavior and stability of the system. The system response is now predictable with change of the system parameters which opens up the opportunity in future to control the vibration level.

基于传感器参数和目标轮廓中心的自动配准算法研究

通过对光电成像型反舰导弹的成像过程分析,提出了一种自动配准算法。其基本思路是将图像变换模型分解,逐步简化。可见光和红外图像配准时的变换为仿射变换。首先,利用传感器参数的调整,消除图像间的比例变化,将仿射变换简化为刚体变换;然后,依赖图像信息,用形态学边缘检测的方法求取目标的轮廓中心,以此为控制点消除图像间的平移变化,实现图像的完全配准;最后,通过观察海天线是否重合以及利用均方根误差原则,对算法的配准效果做详细评估。仿真实验表明,该算法准确、快速,配准精度满足目标识别的要求,可以较好地解决异类传感器弱小目标图像配准的难题。

数控系统的刀具半径补偿技术研究

数控系统的刀具半径补偿是在CNC系统内部由计算机自动完成的.在加工过程中,CNC系统根据零件轮廓尺寸、刀具运动的方向指令(G40,G41,G42)以及实际加工中所用的刀具半径值自动计算出刀具中心轨迹,完成对零件的加工.介绍了C功能刀具半径补偿原理,根据平面内刀具半径补偿转接过渡的不同转接类型,针对C功能刀补的工程实际应用,提出了交角转接及直接转接两程序段间的软件实现方法.针对实际轮廓加工过程中刀具半径补偿的执行过程:刀具补偿建立、刀具补偿维持及刀具补偿撤消,结合所用的数控系统和刀具,编制了凸轮轮廓的加工程序.实践证明,C功能刀具半径补偿方法切实可行,且效率高.