Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

How Software Engineering Transforms Organizations: An Open and Qualitative Study on the Organizational Objectives and Motivations in Agile Transformations

Agile Transformations are challenging processes for organizations that look to extend the benefits of Agile philosophy and methods beyond software engineering.Despite the impact of these transformations on orga-nizations,they have not been extensively studied in academia.We conducted a study grounded in workshops and interviews with 99 participants from 30 organizations,including organizations undergoing transformations(“final organizations”)and companies supporting these processes(“consultants”).The study aims to understand the motivations,objectives,and factors driving and challenging these transformations.Over 700 responses were collected to the question and categorized into 32 objectives.The findings show that organizations primarily aim to achieve customer centricity and adaptability,both with 8%of the mentions.Other primary important objectives,with above 4%of mentions,include alignment of goals,lean delivery,sustainable processes,and a flatter,more team-based organizational structure.We also detect discrepancies in perspectives between the objectives identified by the two kinds of organizations and the existing agile literature and models.This misalignment highlights the need for practitioners to understand with the practical realities the organizations face.

Utilizing engineered extracellular vesicles as delivery vectors in the management of ischemic stroke:a special outlook on mitochondrial delivery

Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.

Prompt Engineering Importance and Applicability with Generative AI

Prompt engineering, the art of crafting effective prompts for artificial intelligence models, has emerged as a pivotal factor in determining the quality and usefulness of AI (Artificial Intelligence)-generated outputs. This practice involves strategically designing and structuring prompts to guide AI models toward desired outcomes, ensuring that they generate relevant, informative, and accurate responses. The significance of prompt engineering cannot be overstated. Well-crafted prompts can significantly enhance the capabilities of AI models, enabling them to perform tasks that were once thought to be exclusively human domain. By providing clear and concise instructions, prompts can guide AI models to generate creative text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way. Moreover, prompt engineering can help mitigate biases and ensure that AI models produce outputs that are fair, equitable, and inclusive. However, prompt engineering is not without its challenges. Crafting effective prompts requires a deep understanding of both the AI model’s capabilities and the specific task at hand. Additionally, the quality of the prompts can be influenced by factors such as the model’s training data [1] and the complexity of the task. As AI models continue to evolve, prompt engineering will likely become even more critical in unlocking their full potential.

Thermodynamics and Irreversibility: From Some Paradoxes to the Efficiency of Effective Engines

The traditional thermodynamic theory explains the reversible phenomena quite well, except that reversible phenomena are rare or even impossible in practice. Here the purpose is to propose an explanation valid for reversible and also irreversible phenomena, irreversibility being common or realistic. It previously exposed points tricky to grasp, as the sign of the work exchange, the adiabatic expansion in vacuum (free expansion) or the transfer of heat between two bodies at the same temperature (isothermal transfer). After having slightly modified the concepts of heat transfer (each body produces heat according to its own temperature) and work (distinguishing external pressure from internal pressure), the previous points are more easily explained. At last, an engine efficiency in case of irreversible transfer is proposed. This paper is focused on the form of thermodynamics, on “explanations”;it does not question on “results” (except the irreversible free expansion of 1845...) which remain unchanged.

Biomaterials and tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury:novel perspectives on promoting neural regeneration

Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.

基于Google Earth Engine的前郭县春季农田覆膜提取

本文基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台,综合考虑光学影像的波段反射率、光谱指数特征和雷达影像的极化、纹理特征,分别构建仅使用光学特征、仅使用雷达特征以及光学和雷达特征组合3种特征输入组合;根据精度确定最佳输入特征后,分别结合机器学习中的分类与回归树、支持向量机、最小距离分类法、梯度提升树和随机森林5种方法建立覆膜提取模型,依据结果精度评估不同方法的性能,并基于最优化模型提取出最终的覆膜农田面积。结果表明:①最佳输入特征为波段反射率特征+光谱指数特征+极化特征+纹理特征;②采用随机森林方法建立的模型精度最高,研究区I的总体精度达到了95.84%,Kappa系数为0.95,地物错分率为1.2%,明显优于其他4种方法(地物错分率较分类与回归树、支持向量机、最小距离和梯度提升树法降低0.8%、7.3%、38.0%和0.3%),研究区II的验证精度达到了87.84%,证明该模型在覆膜提取中可以取得更加准确的结果;③使用本文方法得到2022年研究区I覆膜农田面积为1302.48 km2,估算地膜使用量约为7585.62 t。本文综合考虑光学和雷达影像在地物识别中的特点建立模型,可以准确、高效的识别农田地膜,掌握地膜面积,对环境治理与防治具有重要意义。

Frilled Lizard Optimization: A Novel Bio-Inspired Optimizer for Solving Engineering Applications

This research presents a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Frilled Lizard Optimization(FLO),which emulates the unique hunting behavior of frilled lizards in their natural habitat.FLO draws its inspiration from the sit-and-wait hunting strategy of these lizards.The algorithm’s core principles are meticulously detailed and mathematically structured into two distinct phases:(i)an exploration phase,which mimics the lizard’s sudden attack on its prey,and(ii)an exploitation phase,which simulates the lizard’s retreat to the treetops after feeding.To assess FLO’s efficacy in addressing optimization problems,its performance is rigorously tested on fifty-two standard benchmark functions.These functions include unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,and fixed-dimensional multimodal functions,as well as the challenging CEC 2017 test suite.FLO’s performance is benchmarked against twelve established metaheuristic algorithms,providing a comprehensive comparative analysis.The simulation results demonstrate that FLO excels in both exploration and exploitation,effectively balancing these two critical aspects throughout the search process.This balanced approach enables FLO to outperform several competing algorithms in numerous test cases.Additionally,FLO is applied to twenty-two constrained optimization problems from the CEC 2011 test suite and four complex engineering design problems,further validating its robustness and versatility in solving real-world optimization challenges.Overall,the study highlights FLO’s superior performance and its potential as a powerful tool for tackling a wide range of optimization problems.

Aircraft Engine Gas Path Fault Diagnosis Based on Hybrid PSO-TWSVM

Twin support vector machine(TWSVM)is a new development of support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.It has the smaller computation scale and the stronger ability to cope with unbalanced problems.In this paper,TWSVM is introduced into aircraft engine gas path fault diagnosis.The generalization capacity of Gauss kernel function usually used in TWSVM is relatively weak.So a mixed kernel function is used to improve performance to ensure that the TWSVM algorithm can better balance a strong generalization ability and a good learning ability.Experimental results prove that the cross validation training accuracy of TWSVM using the mixed kernel function averagely increases 2%.Grid search is usually applied in parameter optimization of TWSVM,but it heavily depends on experience.Therefore,the hybrid particle swarm algorithm is introduced.It can intelligently and rapidly find the global optimum.Experiments prove that its training accuracy is better than that of the classical particle swarm algorithm by 5%.

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

Composition Engineering Opens an Avenue Toward Efficient and Sustainable Nitrogen Fixation

In this work,we open an avenue toward rational design of potential efficient catalysts for sustainable ammonia synthesis through composition engineering strategy by exploiting the synergistic effects among the active sites as exemplified by diatomic metals anchored graphdiyne via the combination of hierarchical high-throughput screening,first-principles calculations,and molecular dynamics simulations.Totally 43 highly efficient catalysts feature ultralow onset potentials(|U_(onset)|≤0.40 V)with Rh-Hf and Rh-Ta showing negligible onset potentials of 0 and-0.04 V,respectively.Extremely high catalytic activities of Rh-Hf and Rh-Ta can be ascribed to the synergistic effects.When forming heteronuclears,the combinations of relatively weak(such as Rh)and relatively strong(such as Hf or Ta)components usually lead to the optimal strengths of adsorption Gibbs free energies of reaction intermediates.The origin can be ascribed to the mediate d-band centers of Rh-Hf and Rh-Ta,which lead to the optimal adsorption strengths of intermediates,thereby bringing the high catalytic activities.Our work provides a new and general strategy toward the architecture of highly efficient catalysts not only for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)but also for other important reactions.We expect that our work will boost both experimental and theoretical efforts in this direction.

The Price of Engineering Ethics, a Personal Story

There are costs for doing the right thing,but regret is not one of those costs.I learned this lesson the hard way throughout a 42-year engineering career.As a young engineer,raising a family,I was more adaptable to management mandates,i.e.,I was more willing to be unethical to keep my job to make money and have health insurance for my family.As I grew in age,experience,and stamina,I was less adaptable,i.e.,I was more ethical.This article tells this story through events at various times in my engineering career1.Ethics define how we do the right thing.

Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

Developing Lexicons for Enhanced Sentiment Analysis in Software Engineering:An Innovative Multilingual Approach for Social Media Reviews

Sentiment analysis is becoming increasingly important in today’s digital age, with social media being a significantsource of user-generated content. The development of sentiment lexicons that can support languages other thanEnglish is a challenging task, especially for analyzing sentiment analysis in social media reviews. Most existingsentiment analysis systems focus on English, leaving a significant research gap in other languages due to limitedresources and tools. This research aims to address this gap by building a sentiment lexicon for local languages,which is then used with a machine learning algorithm for efficient sentiment analysis. In the first step, a lexiconis developed that includes five languages: Urdu, Roman Urdu, Pashto, Roman Pashto, and English. The sentimentscores from SentiWordNet are associated with each word in the lexicon to produce an effective sentiment score. Inthe second step, a naive Bayesian algorithm is applied to the developed lexicon for efficient sentiment analysis ofRoman Pashto. Both the sentiment lexicon and sentiment analysis steps were evaluated using information retrievalmetrics, with an accuracy score of 0.89 for the sentiment lexicon and 0.83 for the sentiment analysis. The resultsshowcase the potential for improving software engineering tasks related to user feedback analysis and productdevelopment.

Experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil infrastructures.Engineered geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and construction.However,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are uncertain.In this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and flexure.The experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of fibers.After that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical elements.The tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion.It was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different scenarios.For AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly reduced.For plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

Drone Usage in Civil Engineering—A Case Study of the Pristina-Gjilan Highway

The use of drones in construction engineering has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize the industry. Drones, offer the ability to capture high-resolution aerial imagery and collect data that was previously difficult or impossible to obtain. The integration drones in construction engineering presents opportunities for accurate data collection, analysis and visualization, which can improve decision-making processes and improve project outcomes. For example, drones equipped with GIS technology can be used to capture high-resolution aerial images of construction sites, allowing engineers to monitor progress, identify potential issues, and make informed adjustments as needed. By harnessing drones, civil engineers in the civil engineering field can potentially optimize project planning, design and execution while minimizing risks and costs. The work of this topic examines the case of the use of Drones combined with GIS in construction engineering. During this study, aerial photography of a certain segment of the Pristina-Gjilan Highway was taken. The results generated by the processing of aerial photos have been compared with the project. However, further research is needed to fully understand the capabilities and limitations of these technologies in this specific context, as well as to explore any potential challenges and barriers to their widespread adoption.

基于C#语言与ArcGIS Engine 的开采沉陷预计系统开发

为了预计煤层开采引发的地表移动变形,基于极坐标系的概率积分法,借助C#语言和ArcGIS Engine组件工具库设计开发了矿区开采沉陷预计系统。开采沉陷预计系统适用于不规则形状的开采工作面,能够对开采区域地表各点不同开采时间后的下沉、水平移动、水平变形、倾斜、曲率进行预计,并对预计结果进行后处理,绘制地表移动变形云图。以陕西省某矿308工作面开采为例,根据工作面的开采条件、地层岩性等特征选取概率积分参数并代入本系统进行地表移动变形预计,将结果与实测地表移动变形进行对比分析。结果表明:使用该系统预计的地表下沉值与实测下沉值的相对误差小于10%,且下沉盆地形态与实际基本吻合,该系统的预计结果较为可靠,对矿区的开采沉陷预计具有一定的适用性。

基于ArcGIS Engine和IDL的冬小麦生长动态监测系统

目的:为快速便捷地掌握大范围冬小麦播种、长势及产量信息,及时为农业管理部门的分析决策提供基础数据。方法:基于C#语言集成ArcGIS Engine组件和IDL函数库,设计冬小麦识别、长势监测及产量估算等功能模块,研发冬小麦生长动态监测系统。结果:该系统可较为快速地建立冬小麦空间数据库,便捷地提取冬小麦播种、生长和收获等各个生育期冬小麦农情信息,同时具有功能强大的时空分析和预测决策辅助功能。结论:实现了包括冬小麦在内的农作物的动态生长监测,可以为管理者提供数据及强有力的决策支持。

Pro/ENGINEER的行为建模技术

Pro/ENGINEER的行为建模技术将CAD软件解决工程问题的性能上升到一个新的水平.采用行为建模技术,Pre/ENGINEER可以提取产品的设计意念和规范,作为设计的功能原理及工程知识,满足多重设计目标,设计者从其中提取最优参数进行设计.由于最优参数是从设计中的模型中提取的,因此在同样设计中,这些参数可以重复引用.Pre/ENGINEER的行为建模技术提供了灵活的、智能化的解决实际工程问题的方法.