TREATMENT OF PRIMARY THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA BY MODIFIED MINOR DECOCTION OF BUPLEURUM

Primary thrombocytopenic purpura is ahemorrhagic disease induced by rapid de-struction of blood platelets throughautoimmunity. The authors treated 10 casesof the disease with modified MinorDecoction of Bupleurum with good resultsas reported in the following:

Investigation and Exploitation of New Medicinal Resources of Genus Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) in Qinghai Province and Xizhang (Tibet) Autonomous Region in China

In China,some species of Bupleurum (family Umbelliferae) have been used as Chinese traditional medicine under the name “Chai-Hu” for the treatment of fevers and influenza.In the present paper,the authors report a study on the investigation and exploitation of new medicinal resources of “Chai-Hu” in Qinghai Province and Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region where no one has studied this hitherto.18 species,7 varieties,I form of Bupleurum and a new species (Bupleurum qinghaiense) have been discovered.The taxonomy and preliminary phytochemical studies of the roots of three medicinal plants,B.qinghaiense,B.rnarginatum var.stenophyllum and B.smithii var.parvifolium.are reported in this paper.

A systematic quantitative method for quality evaluation of Bupleurum chinense DC. based on multi-wavelength fusion fingerprint combined with multivariate chemometrics

A quantitative evaluation method for the quality consistency of Bupleurum chinense DC. was developed by combining multiwavelength fusion fingerprint with chemometric methods. The fingerprint information of Bupleurum at five wavelengths (210, 254, 265, 280 and 320 nm) collected by HPLC-DAD instrument was fused to overall control its quality. The fusion fingerprints and four components (saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, rutin, quercitrin) were studied by systematic quantitative fingerprint method and principal component analysis, respectively. Besides, fingerprint-efficacy relationship was constructed in vitro using partial least-squares model. In conclusion, all work can serve as a valid reference for the quality control of Bupleurum .

Phylogenetic inference of the genus Bupleurum (Apiaceae) in Hengduan Mountains based on chromosome counts and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences

横断山区是中国柴胡属Bupleurum植物的分布中心。本文对横断山区6个种2变种进行了染色体记数报道,其中4个种2变种是首次报道。对横断山区的10个种4个变种、中国北方(河北和黑龙江)的3个种的nrDNA ITS进行测序,同时从GenBank里面下载同属的来自非洲和地中海西部的16个nrDNA ITS序列数据,结合染色体数目变化结果,初步探讨了横断山区柴胡属植物的系统发育。结果表明横断山区可能是现代柴胡属植物的频度中心和多样分布中心之一。它们的祖先种可能是非洲北部的木本柴胡属植物B.fruticosum,或者是地中海西部的柴胡属植物,推测是通过中东和高加索扩散而形成的,其中与非洲南部特有种B.mundtii的亲缘关系也较近;染色体基数演化趋势是:8是较原始基数,6和7是次生基数,其染色体异基数变异和多倍化可能是物种形成、进化以及向外扩散的主要方式;在ITS系统发育树中,中国柴胡属植物染色体基数为8的种类聚为一支,染色体基数为6和7的种类聚为了一支,不支持舒璞等(1998)关于中国柴胡属的属下分类系统。结合已有的形态学、细胞学、孢粉学证据和ITS系统发育树,建议窄竹叶柴胡B.marginatum var.stenophyllum独立成种。

Evaluation on Quality and Utilization Value of Bupleurum falcatum Linne

[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts.[Methods]The contents of saikosaponins a and d were determined with RP-HPLC,and the contents of 7 kinds of harmful elements were determined by ICP-MS.The quality of B.falcatum Linne was compared with that of other Bupleurum species.[Results]The total saikosaponin content in Radix Bupleurum Falcatum(15.894 mg/g)was higher than that in Radix Bupleuri of other origins(8.748 mg/g).The total saikosaponin content in leaves of B.falcatum Linne(7.518 mg/g)is more than twice the limit promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of Al,Cr,Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Hg in B.falcatum Linne were all lower than the limits promulgated by the pharmacopoeia.In short,the quality of Radix Bupleurum Falcatum was better than that of Radix Bupleurum Marginatum(S3,S4)and Radix Bupleurum Sachalinense(S5).The leaves of B.falcatum Linne contained more saikosaponins and less harmful elements.[Conclusions]The method and technology of interplanting B.falcatum Linne with walnut in Ganluo are mature.The quality of the medicinal materials produced is superior,and the leaves are also rich in saikosaponins a and d,and can be used as the raw material for extracting saikosaponins a and d.This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the cultivation of B.falcatum Linne in the domestic market.

Study on anti-tumor mechanism of minor bupleurum decoction

Minor bupleurum decoction is one of the classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine,and it has obvious effects in the treatment of various diseases.In recent years,the application of minor bupleurum decoction in the treatment of cancer has attracted more and more attention.This paper describes the mechanism of the role of minor bupleurum decoction in the treatment of clinical tumors and the interaction of related treatments by introducing the composition of minor bupleurum decoction and their pharmacological effects.

北柴胡(Bupleurum chinese)花序分化进程研究

为了了解造成北柴胡(Bupleurumchinese)种子发芽率低、无胚率高等种子质量问题的原因,本文对北柴胡花序分化进程的各个时期以及不同位置花序分化进程的差异进行了研究。根据观察结果,将北柴胡花序分化进程划分为初生期、小伞原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、生殖结构分化始期和花粉粒完熟期6个时期。同时,发现各级次级花序均比上一级花序在分化进程上落后至少1个时期。不同位置花序分化进程的不同步性是导致北柴胡种子质量问题的一个重要原因。通过人工措施促进早分化的主茎及Ⅰ和Ⅱ级花序发育,抑制晚发育的Ⅲ和Ⅳ级花序发育,可望提高北柴胡的种子质量。

Shexian Bupleurum Alleviates Insomnia and Improves Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression:A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shexian bupleurum on insomnia based on evaluation scales and polysomnogram(PSG).Methods:A total of 260 patients suffering from insomnia admitted to the outpatient department of Handan Central Hospital were included in a randomized,double blind,placebo-controlled trial.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(receiving placebo,n=150),and an intervention group(receiving Shexian bupleurum treatment,n=110).The clinical trial lasted for 4 weeks.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ)-9,Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)-7,17 items of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-17),and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were used to evaluate the patients at baseline as well as two weeks and four weeks after treatment;the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)was used to evaluate adverse reactions;polysomnography(PSG)was used to monitor and analyze their sleep characteristics at baseline and four weeks after treatment.Results:The PSQI,ISI,PHQ-9,HAMD-17,and HAMA scores of the intervention group significantly decreased compared to the control group,while the total sleep time,rapid eye movement sleep latency,stage 2 sleep,deep sleep,rapid eye movement sleep,and sleep efficiency of the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group.The PHQ-9 score of the control group only decreased two weeks after treatment(p<0.05)compared to the intervention group.In addition,there were no obvious adverse events in both the intervention group and the control group.Conclusion:Shexian bupleurum not only improves sleep quality,but also relieves depression and anxiety in patients who suffer from insomnia.

孙西庆从六经辨治血管性痴呆经验

孙西庆教授认为,血管性痴呆可从六经辨治,太阳表气不利,营卫失和者,治宜温经通脉,调和营卫,方用桂枝汤加炒麦芽、白茯苓、川芎、天麻;瘀热相搏,血蓄阳明者,治宜活血化瘀,通腑醒脑,方用抵当汤加炒麦芽、白茯苓;少阳不和,枢机不利者,治宜和解少阳,斡旋气机,镇惊安神,方用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤去铅丹加菖蒲、远志、川芎;邪入太阴,清阳不升者,治宜健脾升清,方用四君子汤合开心散、桂枝茯苓丸;少阴失司,水火失交者,治宜清上温下,交通心肾,方用栀子豉汤合附子汤、黄连阿胶汤、猪苓汤;厥阴不利,阴阳失交者,治宜清上温下,燮理阴阳,方用乌梅丸加川芎。

Analysis of the effect of Bupleurum on fever in Xiaochaihu Decoction based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Bupleurum on fever by means of network pharmacology,and to provide ideas for further experimental study.Methods:The effective components and targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction and Bupleurum were extracted by searching TCM systematic pharmacology database(TCMSP),and got to the effective components and targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction.By searching GeneCards database,disGeNET database,OMIM database and symmap database to extract the disease target of fever.And the"protein interaction network"was constructed with the protein interaction relationship in HINT database as the background network,and the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the targets by using R software and DAVID database.Results:726 kinds of effective components of Xiaochaihu Decoction were obtained from TCMSP database,including 215 kinds of effective components of Bupleurum,677 targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction and 516 targets of Bupleurum.A total of 7305 fever-related genes were obtained from the disease database,and 400 key targets of Bupleurum for fever treatment were obtained by mapping drug targets and disease targets GAPDH,AKT1,INS,IL-6 and VEGFA,are the targets with high node connectivity in PPI network.The results of GO enrichment of key targets by R software are cofactor binding and coenzyme binding.KEGG enrichment pathway of key targets involves infection,cancer,immune system diseases and so on.Conclusion:This study preliminarily verified the effect and mechanism of Bupleurum on fever,and provided reference for further study.

Mechanism of Bupleurum and Asarum in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology

[Objectives]To explore the active components and mechanism of Bupleurum and Asarum in the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI).[Methods]All the active components and potential action targets of Bupleurum and Asarum pairs were collected by online platform Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)database and literature search.Target genes related to traumatic brain injury were obtained by Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMMI),Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),PharmGKB,Genecards and Drugbank.The"drug-ingredient-target"network diagram was constructed by using Cytoscape software.Venny 2.1.0 was used to integrate the intersection targets of drug targets and disease targets,and the String platform was used to construct a target protein-protein interaction network(PPI).Topological analysis and core target screening of the constructed PPI network were performed using the"CytoNCA"plug-in in Cytoscape software.Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets using the DAVID database.Finally,Autodock and Pymol software were used to simulate the binding activity of key candidate active components and core genes.[Results]25 active components were screened from Bupleurum-Asarum and 111 potential targets involved in the disease process.GO analysis and KEGG results showed that potential therapeutic targets were mainly enriched in biological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cell membrane repair,and cytokine regulation.Network analysis and molecular docking showed that the key compounds of Bupleurum and Asarum were kaempferol and quercetin,which were well docked with the active pockets of four core genes of traumatic brain injury.[Conclusions]Bupleurum and Asarum may be involved in the regulation of inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cell membrane repair through multiple targets and multiple pathways in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Effects of Bupleurum extract on blood metabolism, antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bupleurum extract （BE） on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune function in dairy cows under heat stress. Forty lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g of BE kg-1 dry matter. Supplementation with BE decreased （P〈0.05） blood urea nitrogen （BUN） contents and increased blood total protein （TP） and albumin （ALB） levels compared with control cows, but it had no effects （P〉0.05） on blood glucose （GLU）, nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）, total triglycedde （TG）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. Compared with control cows, cows fed BE had higher （P〈0.05） superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity. However, supplementation with BE had no effect （P〉0.05） on total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） or malondialdehyde （MDA） levels. The immunoglobulin （Ig） A and G contents increased （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.25 or 0.5 g of BE kg-1. Interleukin （IL）-2 and IL-4 levels were higher （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.5 and 1.0 g of BE kg-1, and IL-6 was significantly elevated （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.5 g of BE kg-1. There were no treatment effects （P〉0.05） on the CD4＋ and CD8＋ T lymphocyte ratios, CD4＋/CD8＋ratio, or tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） level among the groups. These findings suggest that BE supplementation may improve protein metabolism, in addition to enhancing antioxidant activity and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows.

Effects of Different Treatments on Seed Germination of Bupleurum chinensis

In order to solve the problem of low emergence rate of Bupleurum chinense seeds, and screen out the best germination conditions, the seeds of Bupleurum chinense L. were treated with different soaking time, germination temperature and exogenous regulating substances to improve the germination rate. The results showed that the germination rate of fresh water at 12 h was significantly higher than that at 8 h and 36 h; The germination rate of seeds treated with constant temperature 15℃ and variable temperature 25 ℃/15 ℃ （day/night） was significantly higher than that of other temperature treatments. Seed soaking time and culture temperature also influenced seed germination start day and peak day. Different concentrations of regulatory substances could promote seeds germination. The germination rate of seeds induced by 0.50 mg/L 6-BA was the highest, the start day and peak day were 4 days and 5 days earlier than control check （CK） respectively.

“半夏泻心汤-积证、大柴胡汤-肝浊”经方辨治脂肪肝

脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗和遗传易感密切相关,属"胁痛""积证""痰浊""瘀血"等范畴,《伤寒杂病论》记载方剂,结构严谨,配伍精妙,用药精简,堪称方书之祖,为祖国医学传承下的宝贵财富,半夏泻心汤、大柴胡汤广泛应用于脂肪肝,加减辨证施治,效果显著,前景广阔。附积证(肝胃不和,痰湿内阻;酒精性脂肪肝性肝炎)、肝浊(膏浊内蕴,气机郁滞;中重度脂肪肝,酒精性肝炎)验案。

韩旭从肝论治老年性失眠经验

韩旭教授认为老年性失眠与肝失疏泄和肝血亏虚、肝阴亏虚关系密切,其主要病机有肝失疏泄,横犯脾胃,肝气郁滞,从而化火、酿痰、成瘀,致痰瘀互结;肝血亏损,魂无所居;肝阴亏损,阴虚火旺。治疗老年性失眠以疏肝、养肝、清肝为大法,辅以生活养护。韩教授辨证治疗老年性失眠常用方法有:疏肝解郁,调畅情志,常用小柴胡汤为基础方进行加减;清热化痰,疏肝健脾,自拟清热化痰健脾方;清肝泻火,健脾安神,方选丹栀逍遥散加减;活血祛瘀,行气化痰,常以百合、珍珠母、合欢皮、何首乌藤、桃仁、红花、川芎、半夏、浙贝母、枳壳、枳实、桔梗为基础方加减;滋养肝血,宁心安神,常选用四物汤加减;滋阴降火,清热除烦,常以煅珍珠母、合欢皮、何首乌藤、五味子、百合、茯神、丹参、牡丹皮、栀子、当归、白芍为基础方加减。此外,韩教授还提出肝失疏泄与肝阴亏虚是导致老年性失眠反复发作的重要原因,应调整阴阳,以平为期;情志因素是促使老年性失眠加重或反复的关键所在,应调畅情志,调和气血。

姚美玉论治肝郁型经水早断经验

肝郁型经水早断病机为肝胆气郁,少阳枢机不畅,肾精无以为化,气血无以运行,无血下注胞宫。肝郁为因,肾亏为果,治疗以调畅少阳气机为主,补肾填精,活血化瘀为辅。姚美玉教授认为,调冲任主调气血,调血应先理气,而理气基于疏肝,故选用柴胡汤类方和少阳之气,解肝胆之郁,气散则血行,血行则通。加王不留行化瘀行滞,川芎行郁阻之气,配以六味地黄丸补肾填精、充养天癸。肾阳亏虚较重时,应加大锁阳、淫羊藿用量,以温补壬阳,健旺机能,活血理气同时佐以养血,使气血通畅,气血调和,经水自来。

Saikosaponin q-1 from Bupleurum chinense

A new saikosaponin was isolated from Bupleurum chinense DC., and its structure was identified as 3β,16α,23,28,30_pentahydroxy_olean_11,13(18)_dien_3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl(1→6)_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]_β_D_glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, named as saikosaponin q_1. In addition, two known saikosaponins, 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin d and 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin b 2, were also isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.

载中药聚乳酸多孔纳米纤维医用敷料

为构筑人体可吸收、抗菌消炎且轻薄柔软的可用于伤口愈合的医用敷料,以聚乳酸为原料,掺杂板蓝根(RI)、柴胡(BC)和茶多酚(GTP)等中药成分,采用氯仿与丙酮二溶剂体系,借助静电纺技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)多孔纳米纤维载中药敷料。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和接触角测试仪等手段分析了载中药敷料的微观结构、润湿性能、保水吸液性、抗菌性以及体外降解性能等。结果表明:采用氯仿和丙酮二溶剂体系制备的载中药敷料其纤维具有多孔特征,纤维直径为747~1 550 nm。敷料中所载板蓝根、柴胡、茶多酚与聚乳酸间并未发生负面改性的化学反应。载板蓝根、柴胡、茶多酚的敷料在载药量为3%时对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率分别为79.2%、82.5%、75.7%,对大肠杆菌抑菌率分别为79.1%、80.2%、73.9%。同时,较纯聚乳酸敷料,载中药敷料具有较好的透气性和体外降解性,其保水吸液性均提高20%以上,适合用作伤口敷料。

A Lignan Glucoside from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

A new lignanoside, saikolignanoside A, was isolated from the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium. Its structure was determined as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-[ (8 S ) -3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylpropyl alcohol]-E-cinnamic alcohol-4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside by means of NMR and MS analysis, acid hydrolysis and optical data.

北柴胡及常见伪品藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别研究

目的建立北柴胡、藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别方法。方法采用外观性状鉴别、薄层色谱和HPLC指纹图谱系统建立北柴胡、藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别方法。结果锥叶柴胡横切面为菊花状,北柴胡横切面为年轮状并具有不定程度的裂纹,外部有较薄的黑色外环纹,藏柴胡横切面较平整,外部有较厚的黑色外环纹。薄层色谱显示藏柴胡的荧光斑点强度最强,北柴胡与藏柴胡相似,荧光强度较藏柴胡弱,锥叶柴胡在Rf值约为0.90处具有独特的绿色荧光斑点。HPLC指纹图谱显示,藏柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度约在0.50~0.80,锥叶柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度约在0.20~0.45,北柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度在0.90以上,可以相似度数值范围区分北柴胡、藏柴胡与锥叶柴胡。结论3种鉴别方法均可用于对上述3种柴胡的鉴别,且各有利弊,因此内外在质控方法联用可更加有效地鉴别柴胡品种,保障临床用药质量。