Construction of BDS Spatiotemporal Information Agricultural Product Digital Credit System

Spatiotemporal information,positioning and navigation services have become important elements of new type infrastructure.The rapid development of global digital trade provides a large-scale application scenario for the use of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)spatiotemporal information to support the certification of origin of agricultural products.The BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system uses such modules as BDS,spatiotemporal information collection,spatiotemporal coding,and spatiotemporal blockchain.It incorporates multi-level joint supervision mechanisms such as government,associations,and users.Starting from the initial production link of agricultural products,it realizes the correspondence and locking of online and offline products,effectively improves the integrity and credibility of information in the production process,finished product quality and circulation process of products,effectively manages the green production and anti-channel conflicts of producers,and provides credible information for consumers,thus realizing the digital credit certification of products.The successful practice of characteristic agricultural products in Yunnan Province has verified the application ability of the BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system.This system has played a significant role in promoting the online and offline locking,credible information,effective supervision and high quality and high price of characteristic agricultural products from the field.The BDS provides services for global digital trade and contributes to the further enhancement of the global application scale of GNSS.

Personnel Cultivation Program for Innovative and Entrepreneurial Biopharmaceutical Discipline under the Credit System

Biopharmaceutical discipline is an interdisciplinary subject with strong comprehensiveness and wide coverage. Under the background of credit system,it is an important task for application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities to optimize the cultivation program for innovative and entrepreneurial bio-pharmaceutical professionals. According to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical discipline,Binzhou University biopharmaceutical teaching and research office,based on the social demand for biopharmaceutical discipline talents,defined the principle of optimizing the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents,and constructed the cultivation program of innovative and entrepreneurial biopharmaceutical discipline talents under the credit system. The development of this cultivation program is expected to build a new mode for cultivating high-level biopharmaceutical professionals with strong innovative spirit and entrepreneurial potential.

Cyberattack Ramifications, The Hidden Cost of a Security Breach

In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.

Default or profit scoring credit systems?Evidence from European and US peer-to-peer lending markets

For the emerging peer-to-peer(P2P)lending markets to survive,they need to employ credit-risk management practices such that an investor base is profitable in the long run.Traditionally,credit-risk management relies on credit scoring that predicts loans’probability of default.In this paper,we use a profit scoring approach that is based on modeling the annualized adjusted internal rate of returns of loans.To validate our profit scoring models with traditional credit scoring models,we use data from a European P2P lending market,Bondora,and also a random sample of loans from the Lending Club P2P lending market.We compare the out-of-sample accuracy and profitability of the credit and profit scoring models within several classes of statistical and machine learning models including the following:logistic and linear regression,lasso,ridge,elastic net,random forest,and neural networks.We found that our approach outperforms standard credit scoring models for Lending Club and Bondora loans.More specifically,as opposed to credit scoring models,returns across all loans are 24.0%(Bondora)and 15.5%(Lending Club)higher,whereas accuracy is 6.7%(Bondora)and 3.1%(Lending Club)higher for the proposed profit scoring models.Moreover,our results are not driven by manual selection as profit scoring models suggest investing in more loans.Finally,even if we consider data sampling bias,we found that the set of superior models consists almost exclusively of profit scoring models.Thus,our results contribute to the literature by suggesting a paradigm shift in modeling credit-risk in the P2P market to prefer profit as opposed to credit-risk scoring models.

Predicting Credit Card Transaction Fraud Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging issue for financial institutions, involving theft and fraud committed using a payment card. In this paper, we explore the application of linear and nonlinear statistical modeling and machine learning models on real credit card transaction data. The models built are supervised fraud models that attempt to identify which transactions are most likely fraudulent. We discuss the processes of data exploration, data cleaning, variable creation, feature selection, model algorithms, and results. Five different supervised models are explored and compared including logistic regression, neural networks, random forest, boosted tree and support vector machines. The boosted tree model shows the best fraud detection result (FDR = 49.83%) for this particular data set. The resulting model can be utilized in a credit card fraud detection system. A similar model development process can be performed in related business domains such as insurance and telecommunications, to avoid or detect fraudulent activity.

基于博弈论视角的中国个人信用问题研究

本文建立和运用博弈模型对个人信用问题进行分析,认为个人信用发展滞后的主要原因是个人信用制度缺失的条件下授受信主体严重的信息不对称和利率管制。个人信用制度的构建能够减弱授受信双方的信息不对称程度;使得双方的一次性博弈演变为借款人与授信者整体间的重复博弈;为借款人建立声誉以传递信号提供了可能,使声誉作为一种激励相容约束发挥作用。我国个人信用制度应该选择一种在政府监管和行业协会协调下市场化的信用信息公司主导的模式。

Analysis on Internet Financial Business and Construction of Credit System

Internet finance is a new emerging financial model,using the Internet as a platform,big data and cloud computing as the basis.Supply Chain Finance is the easiest way to enter Internet finance.The thirdparty companies or institutions can invest in Internet financial companies by integrating their industrial chain practices into designing the financial products to reduce credit costs and improve safety.At the same time,it will increase mobile Internet,big data and operational services.Also,it can make full use of the Internet financial platform to provide value-added services for higher and lower enterprise and consolidate the core status of the company in the industrial chain.However,an important issue that needs to be concerned during developing Supply Chain Finance is the construction of a system for credit evaluation.Due to the lack of a unified credit evaluation system,the development of the existing Supply Chain Financial companies suffers from difficulties.Many newly launched companies have difficulties operating due to the lack of a credit evaluation system.Therefore,proper and effective credit indicators are essential for the development of enterprises under Internet finance.From the micro perspective,it is conducive for enterprises to improve their credit under the constraints of indicators,and it can solve the problem of capital raising;from the macro perspective,it is conducive to the standardized development of China’s Internet finance and promotes the comprehensive economic development.Based on this,analyzing the model of Internet financial business and developing an enterprise’s credit index system is beneficial to the development of China’s Internet finance.

信用衍生产品有关法律问题探析

本文结合信用衍生产品与保证、保险以及银行风险参贷业务的比较,细致分析了信用衍生产品的法律性质,并就我国商业银行参与信用衍生产品交易应注意的法律问题进深入探讨。本文认为:信用衍生产品在商业银行信用风险管理及缓释银行监管资本要求等方面具有独特作用;我国有必要完善有关法律法规,为发展我国信用衍生产品交易市场创造良好的法律监管环境及市场环境;商业银行在参与信用衍生产品交易市场时,应采取有效措施,切实防范信用衍生产品交易中存在的法律风险。本文还就我国商业银行在信用衍生产品交易中如何合理参照适用ISDA制定的标准文件提出若干建议。

企业债券品种设计与创新分析

信用风险和价格风险是企业债券品种设计所需规避的基本风险。实证研究表明,信用风险是存在的,且具有一定周期性;它与融资成本、企业债券收益率是相关的;在信息不充分的市场上,它具有相当的信息价值,它的改变会对企业债券的价格产生冲击;违约债券估价模型是信用风险规避的基本创新方式。而价格风险加大是企业债券品种创新的重要驱动因素,在价格风险的压力下,可回购、可赎回债券,结构性、衍生性企业债券品种的设计日趋活跃。

Effects of formal credit on pastoral household expense: Evidence from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China

Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'welfare.In pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually increasing.However,a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders'household expenses.Based on a survey of 544 herders from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,this study adopted the propensity score matching approach to identify the effect of formal credit on herders'total household expenses,daily expenses,and productive expenses.The results found that average age,grassland mortgage,and other variables significantly affected herders'participation in formal credit.Formal credit could significantly improve household expenses,especially productive expenses.A heterogeneity analysis showed that formal credit had a greater impact on the household total expense for those at higher levels of wealth;however,it significantly affected the productive expense of herders at lower wealth levels.Moreover,the mediating effect indicated that formal credit could affect herders'household income,thus influencing their household expenses.Finally,this study suggests that policies should improve herders'accessibility to formal credit.

基于B/S结构的融资信用评估系统研发

本文结合我国信用体系建设和解决企业因“信用危机”而“融资难”紧迫需要,在分析融资信用评估系统需求基础之上,结合IT技术发展趋势,提出了基于B/S结构的融资信用评估系统体系结构,建立并分析其系统功能模型、评价体系和关键技术。在此基础上,以SQLServer2000为后台数据库系统,以Java为前台开发工具,开发了一套基于EJB体系结构的融资信用评估软件原型系统。

我国社会转型期信任危机的成因

我国社会转型期信任危机的成因主要表现为三个方面:关系约束机制失效,信任关系的建立困难重重,而原有的社会关系又受到严重削弱;道德约束机制弱化,一些自律性不强的人利用现代社会的流动性逃避道德的惩罚,致使社会上出现了诸如破坏商业信用的欺诈与制假售假等种种机会主义行为;制度约束机制缺失,一些不适应社会经济发展的制度逐渐消亡,而适应现时迫切需要的新制度又没有完全建立起来,导致人们的行为失去依据和评测标准,内心产生迷茫和困惑,进而出现越轨行为。

Research on Early Warning of Banking Crises from the Perspective of Credit Structures

The relationship between credit expansion and banking crises is complex and cannot be fully explained by total credit alone.A systematic analysis of the relationship between the amount and structure of total credit and banking crises is important for an objective prediction of the influence of potential financial risks.This paper,drawing on data from 15 selected countries,delves into the power of credit indicators in the early warning of banking crises from the perspectives of industrial structure,sector structure,and term structure of credit.Various machine learning methods were used,including Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Bagging,and Boosting models.The empirical findings indicate that credit expansion plays a crucial role in triggering banking crises.However,total credit is better suited for the early warning of short-term banking crises,whereas credit structure is more useful for the early warning of long-term banking crises.Moreover,in an early warning system,identifying key early warning indicators is more meaningful than merely increasing the number of indicators.Machine learning can somewhat enhance the early warning power,but it may not always be robust.Therefore,more attention should be paid to potential systemic banking crises resulting from an imbalance in credit structure while regulating the total credit threshold.

利益不一致与农村信用社的发展和改革——基于新政治经济学视角

本文基于新政治经济学的理论,首次以利益不一致划分我国农村信用社的发展与改革为四个阶段:初始约束条件——利益不一致的形成阶段;利益主体多元化与“外部人干预——内部人控制”格局形成并不断强化阶段;转轨过程中农村信用社改革的初始前提条件形成阶段;当前试点方案中的“俘获行为”阶段。多元利益集团是指中央政府及其代表(监管部门)、地方政府、农业银行以及农村信用社的内部人,他们都是具有自利动机的主体,本文通过一个不完全信息静态博弈模型,阐释了在地方政府的干预和内部人控制下,农村信用社的不良资产形成而监管部门监管不力的过程,最后给出了改革能够进行的前提条件,评价现行试点方案,并展望未来发展方向。

A Self-Adapting and Efficient Dandelion Algorithm and Its Application to Feature Selection for Credit Card Fraud Detection

A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Personal Credit Based on a Risk Management Model in the Background of Big Data

Between states, between enterprises and enterprises, between people, it can be stated that credit is full of every corner of our lives. But the current lack of social credit is fundamental. Credit risk is particularly prominent. In the extensive data generation today, the information on personal credit statistics is very large, but still lack the data system processing and screening. Through the information retrieval of 200 credit information reports, this paper constructs the evaluation system of personal credit by using the basic information of the individual. The basic information of these individuals has great convenience in information collection and information statistics, and this basic information covers all aspects that are likely to result in the breach of contract. Through the use of single factor analysis and logistic model to solve the index system, you can not only find the impact of individual indicators on the degree of personal credit, but also see the overall impact of indicators on the degree of credit, that is, the weight of the indicators. Finally, four different credit ratings are divided by assigning the indicators to the scores. Credit rating can clearly measure the respective credit situation. Through the classification of these levels, measuring the credit line when a person in the individual credit operation, at the same time, it can provide reference and proval to administrative departments, which is benefit for managing credit risks. It has a substantial meaning and value in use. The solution to the rating system cannot only be applied to individuals, but also to the enterprises, with a wide range of versatility.

Intelligent Agent Technologies: The Work Horse of ERP E-Commerce

Agents are the new defacto standard for inclusion in modules of today’s software systems such as ERP systems, mobile applications and operating systems. Agents are an integral part of today’s software design. The question is how do intelligent agents work in the specific area of ERP credit card processing e-commerce models? To answer this question, a specific area of ERP systems will be analyzed: credit card processing for merchants. One specific merchant credit card processor will be specifically investigated: EVO Merchants. This paper will research how exactly does ERP systems interact using Application Programing Interface or “API” specified by a credit card clearing house. Secure Socket Layers or SSL, and XML are discussed and elaborated on specifically how intelligent agents play such a pivotal role in ERP e-commerce systems for credit card processing.