Prevalence of Occupational Injury and Knowledge of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Accessibility among Healthcare Workers in Mogadishu, Somalia

Introduction: Healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia face significant occupational injury risks, particularly needle stick injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents. This poses a serious threat to their health, leading to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Despite the high prevalence of injuries, awareness of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility is relatively high, with 84.0% of respondents aware of it. However, there are gaps in knowledge and implementation, as evidenced by variations in availability of PEP. Improving workplace safety measures, providing comprehensive training on injury prevention and PEP protocols, and ensuring consistent availability of PEP in healthcare facilities are crucial steps to safeguard the well-being of healthcare workers in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital workers in Mogadishu, Somalia, focusing on professionals from various healthcare facilities. The study targeted nurses, doctors, laboratory personnel, and pharmacists. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 383 calculated using Fisher’s sample size formula. Data were collected using coded questionnaires entered into Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed with SPSS software to generate frequencies and proportions, presented through frequency tables and pie figures. Results: The study in Mogadishu, Somalia, examined the prevalence of occupational injuries and knowledge of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) accessibility among healthcare workers. Findings indicate a high prevalence of injuries, with 61.1% reporting incidents, predominantly needle stick injuries (60.6%). Despite the majority seeking prompt medical attention (72.0%), work-related illnesses affected 53.2% of respondents, notably work-related stress (59.5%). While most received training on injury and illness prevention (68.9%), gaps exist in PEP awareness, with 16.0% unaware of it. Nonetheless, 84.0% were aware, predominantly through health facilities (52.0%). Availability of PEP was reported by 71.3% in healthcare facilities, with variations in shift availability. The majority reported guidelines for PEP use (55.7%). Efforts are needed to bolster PEP awareness and ensure consistent availability in healthcare facilities to safeguard worker health. Conclusion: High prevalence of occupational injuries among healthcare workers, with needle stick injuries being the most common (60.6%). Despite this, 84.0% of respondents were aware of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), primarily learning about it from health facilities (52.0%). While 71.3% reported the availability of PEP in their facility, 28.7% noted its unavailability. These results emphasize the need for improved education and accessibility of PEP to mitigate occupational injury risks.

Adaptable and Dynamic Access Control Decision-Enforcement Approach Based on Multilayer Hybrid Deep Learning Techniques in BYOD Environment

Organizations are adopting the Bring Your Own Device(BYOD)concept to enhance productivity and reduce expenses.However,this trend introduces security challenges,such as unauthorized access.Traditional access control systems,such as Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)and Role-Based Access Control(RBAC),are limited in their ability to enforce access decisions due to the variability and dynamism of attributes related to users and resources.This paper proposes a method for enforcing access decisions that is adaptable and dynamic,based on multilayer hybrid deep learning techniques,particularly the Tabular Deep Neural Network Tabular DNN method.This technique transforms all input attributes in an access request into a binary classification(allow or deny)using multiple layers,ensuring accurate and efficient access decision-making.The proposed solution was evaluated using the Kaggle Amazon access control policy dataset and demonstrated its effectiveness by achieving a 94%accuracy rate.Additionally,the proposed solution enhances the implementation of access decisions based on a variety of resource and user attributes while ensuring privacy through indirect communication with the Policy Administration Point(PAP).This solution significantly improves the flexibility of access control systems,making themmore dynamic and adaptable to the evolving needs ofmodern organizations.Furthermore,it offers a scalable approach to manage the complexities associated with the BYOD environment,providing a robust framework for secure and efficient access management.

Access数据库加密系统安全性剖析及改进策略

MSAccess是国内中小型企业的MIS广泛采用的数据库系统,它开发和维护都很方便,而且数据处理功能强大,是目前应用最为广泛地中小型数据库系统。但是由于其在加密方面设计欠周密,造成用户可以通过日期字段等方式对隐藏的密钥进行还原,使之成为该种数据库系统首要安全问题。笔者对其加密系统的漏洞和各种获取Access数据库密码的方式进行分析,提出一种通用的动态密钥空间加密技术改进和保护同类问题数据库系统。该技术具有密码保护的通用性和确保加密信息安全的特殊性;必定能为目前广大的MSAccess用户现存的数据安全问题的解决提供良好的思路和实施方法。同时它也给具有类似安全漏洞的大型数据库的加密体系的设计提供一个极好的新策略。

ASP+Access网站的安全性分析及解决方案

当前,ASP(ActiveServerPages)+Access数据库作为一种典型的服务器端网页设计技术,被广泛地应用于网上银行、电子商务、搜索引擎等方面.Access数据库存在存储及解密隐患,Asp的源代码文件及程序设计本身存在安全隐患,为增加Asp+Access网站的安全性需采取以下措施非常规命名,使用虚拟目录,使用ODBC数据源,对ASP页面进行加密,利用Session对象进行注册验证.

湿地生态型稻茬麦免耕机条播栽培技术研究

免耕机条播是沿湖涝洼湿地生态区稻茬麦的主要播种方式之一,为探讨其科学栽培技术,分别对免耕机条播稻茬麦的冬前苗,叶面积系数、后期根系活力、播期、播量和多效唑化控进行了研究。结果表明,与稻田套播相比,机条播小麦的基本苗降低了150万/hm2,冬前主茎叶片增加了0.8个,单株茎蘖增加0.9个,单株次生根增加1.4条,茎粗增加1.1mm,地上部鲜重增加0.17g,叶面积系数动态为:冬前0.8,起身1.6,拔节期4.0,挑旗期6.2,灌浆期4.0,后期根系活力分别增加1.21、1.02、0.47,使用多效唑第1、2、3节间分别减少2.3cm、0.8cm、1.3cm,退化小穗数减少0.1个,千粒重增加0.2g。

BER Performance of Space-Time Coded MMSE DFE for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)

In recent times, there has been growing interests in integration of voice, data and video traffic in wireless communication networks. With these growing interests, WCDMA has immerged as an attractive access technique. The performance of WCDMA system is deteriorated in presence of multipath fading environment. The paper presents space-time coded minimum mean square error (MMSE) Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) in a frequency selective channel. The filter coefficients in MMSE DFE are optimized to suppress noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and multiple access interference (MAI) with reasonable system complexity. For the above structure, we have presented the estimation of BER for a MMSE DFE using computer simulation experiments. The simulation includes the effects of additive white Gaussian noise, multipath fading and multiple access interference (MAI). Furthermore, the performance is compared with standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver. Numerical and simulation results show that the MMSE DFE exhibits significant performance improvement over the standard linear equalizer (LE) and RAKE receiver.

Access XP数据库的安全性研究

在信息化时代来临、Internet高速发展的今天,信息资源的经济和社会价值越来越明显,而数据库系统所管理、存储的数据已成为各个部门宝贵的信息资源,所以其安全保密性是目前所迫切需要解决的问题。笔者从数据库的安全性、保密性的角度,详细地阐述了MicrosoftAccessXP数据库的安全机制;探讨了实现MicrosoftAccessXP数据库不同保护级别的各种方法;还讨论了共享级安全性和用户级安全性问题。

Random Access Algorithms in Packet Networks—A Review of Three Research Decades

We present a coherent and systematic review of Random Access Algorithms for packet networks, as developed over three and a half decades. We consider the appropriate user models and we classify the algorithms according to the channel sensing constraints imposed. We also present a review of the analytical methodologies required for the performance analysis of these algorithms.

北京市延庆县耕地景观特征

本文通过对不同耕地类型区的典型样区调查从较小尺度研究延庆县耕地景观特征。选用斑块面积、斑块周长、斑块密度、边界密度等指标来描述耕地景观的斑块特征;采用全部廊道占耕地景观面积的比例、廊道类型、各类型廊道的密度、各类型廊道网络的连通度、环状网络的环通度来表达耕地景观中的廊道特征。研究结果表明,延庆县耕地斑块规模较小、零碎,斑块不规整;景观破碎化程度比较严重;耕地景观被边界分割的程度比较高;景观粒度较小;上述情况在坡耕地区域尤为严重。廊道占耕地景观面积的比例大,廊道类型主要包括道路、沟渠,坡耕地区还包括田坎。道路的密度较大,但道路网络连通性和环通性差,为耕地生态系统中的物流和能流提供的连通的、可选择的线路比较少。沟渠密度较小,有的样区根本没有沟渠分布,其网络连通性更差,沟渠廊道体系不健全,耕地的灌溉保证程度和排洪能力比较低。坡耕地中田坎占地面积比较大,加剧了坡耕地景观中廊道占耕地面积比例大的程度。

Ensuring Security, Confidentiality and Fine-Grained Data Access Control of Cloud Data Storage Implementation Environment

With the development of cloud computing, the mutual understandability among distributed data access control has become an important issue in the security field of cloud computing. To ensure security, confidentiality and fine-grained data access control of Cloud Data Storage (CDS) environment, we proposed Multi-Agent System (MAS) architecture. This architecture consists of two agents: Cloud Service Provider Agent (CSPA) and Cloud Data Confidentiality Agent (CDConA). CSPA provides a graphical interface to the cloud user that facilitates the access to the services offered by the system. CDConA provides each cloud user by definition and enforcement expressive and flexible access structure as a logic formula over cloud data file attributes. This new access control is named as Formula-Based Cloud Data Access Control (FCDAC). Our proposed FCDAC based on MAS architecture consists of four layers: interface layer, existing access control layer, proposed FCDAC layer and CDS layer as well as four types of entities of Cloud Service Provider (CSP), cloud users, knowledge base and confidentiality policy roles. FCDAC, it’s an access policy determined by our MAS architecture, not by the CSPs. A prototype of our proposed FCDAC scheme is implemented using the Java Agent Development Framework Security (JADE-S). Our results in the practical scenario defined formally in this paper, show the Round Trip Time (RTT) for an agent to travel in our system and measured by the times required for an agent to travel around different number of cloud users before and after implementing FCDAC.

Which Neighborhoods Have Easier Access to Online Home Delivery Services?A Spatiotemporal Accessibility Analysis in Nanjing,China

The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent years.Studies on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about the temporal dimension of OHDS accessibility as well as the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS.This study measures the spatiotemporal accessibility of four types of OHDS,namely leisure,fresh and convenient,medical,and catering services.The geographic and socioeconomic disparities in the spatiotemporal accessibility of these four types of OHDS are then identified using spatial statistical methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test).The case study in Nanjing,China,suggests that:1)spatiotemporal accessibility better reflects the temporal variation of OHDS accessibility and avoids overestimation of OHDS accessibility when only considering its spatial dimension.2)The spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS varies geographically and socioeconomically.Neighborhoods located in the main city or neighborhoods with higher housing prices,higher population density,and higher point of interest(POI)mix have better OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.Our study contributes to the understanding of OHDS accessibility from a spatiotemporal perspective,and the empirical insights can assist policymakers in creating intervention plans that take into account variations in OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.

A Dynamic Distributed Spectrum Allocation Mechanism Based on Game Model in Fog Radio Access Networks

With the explosive growth of highspeed wireless data demand and the number of mobile devices, fog radio access networks(F-RAN) with multi-layer network structure becomes a hot topic in recent research. Meanwhile, due to the rapid growth of mobile communication traffic, high cost and the scarcity of wireless resources, it is especially important to develop an efficient radio resource management mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the shortcomings of resource waste, and we consider the actual situation of base station dynamic coverage and user requirements. We propose a spectrum pricing and allocation scheme based on Stackelberg game model under F-RAN framework, realizing the allocation of resource on demand. This scheme studies the double game between the users and the operators, as well as between the traditional operators and the virtual operators, maximizing the profits of the operators. At the same time, spectrum reuse technology is adopted to improve the utilization of network resource. By analyzing the simulation results, it is verified that our proposed scheme can not only avoid resource waste, but also effectively improve the operator's revenue efficiency and overall network resource utilization.

Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

转基因741杨高效配套育苗体系建立

针对转基因741杨硬枝扦插难生根的特性,将组织培养及多种扦插繁殖技术有机结合在一起,建立了转基因741杨综合配套育苗体系,提出了适合无性繁殖的"遮阴间歇喷雾扦插"和"移棚不移苗扦插繁殖"育苗方法。转基因741杨组培快繁中,初始启动培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,嫩茎增殖培养基为MS +6-BA 0.3-1.0 mg/L+,IBA 0-0.3 mg/L,茎尖生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3IBA+1.5%蔗糖。不同月份嫩枝扦插培养的苗木中,5月份扦插的嫩枝生长较快,但苗木间分化程度较高;8月份扦插的嫩枝生长相对较慢,但苗木的分化程度低,生长整齐。不同月份苗木移栽后,生长节律相同,经过1 a生长,不同月份间苗木生长差异不明显,5月份扦插的苗木生长略优于其他月份扦插的苗木。

A Technique of Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Using 10 mm Single Port Access and Bioresorbable Composite Mesh Fixed with Endoclose Sutures: Three Cases Reported

Purpose: To report a novel technique of laparoscopic 10 mm Single Port Access IntraPeritoneal Onlay Mesh (SPA-IPOM) using bioresorbable composite mesh fixed with Endoclose suture (percutaneous subcutaneous suture) in 3 cases of bilateral inguinal hernia. Methods: Laparoscopic SPA-IPOM is done through a 10 mm trocar with one 10 mm instrument that has 5 mm optical lens and 5 mm channel for grasper. After inserting 10 mm trocar at umbilicus using semi-open technique, intraperitoneal anatomical landmark of inguinal her-nia is identified. A 10 × 15 cm pre-tied bioresorbable composite mesh is then placed to cover hernia defect and all three potential area of indirect, direct and femoral hernia. Using Endoclose? needle, each pair of pre-tied sutures is retrieved percutaneously through a needle wound and extracorporeal tied with knot in subcutaneous space. After the upper half of mesh is sutured to the posterior surface of abdominal wall, the lower half of mesh is fixed by hernia tacker to Symphysis Pubis, Cooper Ligament and Iliopubic tract. Re-sults: Three men, average 48 year olds were operated by laparoscopic 10 mm SPA-IPOM for bilateral in-guinal hernia repair using bioresorbable composite mesh. Average operative time was 36 minutes. No imme-diate complication. All patients were discharge on the 2nd post-operative day and average 6 months follow up has no recurrence. Conclusions: Laparoscopic SPA-IPOM is an optional operation and is much easier to be performed. Benefits include operative time saving, cosmesis, early discharge and early return to work. Bio-resorbable composite mesh prevents bowel adhesion, however, is much more expensive. Long term follow up study for complications and recurrence is needed.

Design Framework of Unsourced Multiple Access for 6G Massive IoT

In this paper,ambient IoT is used as a typical use case of massive connections for the sixth generation(6G)mobile communications where we derive the performance requirements to facilitate the evaluation of technical solutions.A rather complete design of unsourced multiple access is proposed in which two key parts:a compressed sensing module for active user detection,and a sparse interleaver-division multiple access(SIDMA)module are simulated side by side on a same platform at balanced signal to noise ratio(SNR)operating points.With a proper combination of compressed sensing matrix,a convolutional encoder,receiver algorithms,the simulated performance results appear superior to the state-of-the-art benchmark,yet with relatively less complicated processing.

Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Urban-rural Income Disparity and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

Transportation accessibility has been treated as an important means of reducing the urban-rural income disparity.However,only a few studies have examined the effects of different types of transportation accessibility on urban-rural income disparity and their spatial heterogeneity.Based on data from 285 prefecture-level(and above)Chinese cities in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study uses spatial econometric models to examine how highway accessibility and railway accessibility influence the urban-rural income disparity and to identify their spatial heterogeneity.The result reveals that highway accessibility and railway accessibility have‘coreperiphery’ring-like circle structures.The urban-rural income disparity exhibits strong spatial clustering effects.Both highway accessibility and railway accessibility are negatively associated with urban-rural income disparity,and the former having a greater effect size.Moreover,there is a substitution effect between highway accessibility and railway accessibility in the whole sample.Furthermore,these associations differ in geographic regions.In the central region,highway accessibility is more important in reducing the urban-rural income disparity,but its effect is weakened with the increase of railway accessibility.In the western region,railway accessibility has a larger effect on narrowing the urban-rural income disparity,and this effect is strengthened by the increase of highway accessibility.We conclude that improving transportation accessibility is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income disparity but its effect is spatial heterogenetic.Highways and railways should be developed in a coordinated manner to promote an integrated transport network system.

Downlink network-coded multiple access with diverse power

Normally,in the downlink Network-Coded Multiple Access(NCMA)system,the same power is allocated to different users.However,equal power allocation is unsuitable for some scenarios,such as when user devices have different Quality of Service(QoS)requirements.Hence,we study the power allocation in the downlink NCMA system in this paper,and propose a downlink Network-Coded Multiple Access with Diverse Power(NCMA-DP),wherein different amounts of power are allocated to different users.In terms of the Bit Error Rate(BER)of the multi-user decoder,and the number of packets required to correctly decode the message,the performance of the user with more allocated power is greatly improved compared to the Conventional NCMA(NCMA-C).Meanwhile,the performance of the user with less allocated power is still much better than NCMA-C.Furthermore,the overall throughput of NCMA-DP is greatly improved compared to that of NCMA-C.The simulation results demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed NCMA-DP.

Use of Geosynthetic Access Mats in Construction

A stable surface to move manpower and equipment is a key for the construction operations. To create a stable road surface, the road construction techniques are time-consuming and expensive for a traditional construction which requires compaction of soil, aggregate base, sub-base and asphaltic layers. A Geosynthetic Access Mat (GAM) system can serve as an alternative to other traditional construction techniques to accommodate temporary construction. Due to its rigidity, the mat system can provide substantial vertical resistance to the applied load under a large deflection subject to soil conditions. This paper provides details of GAM specifications, soil conditions, applications, installation procedure, comparison with other soil stabilization methods and Aramco experience for deployments of these mats.