Reliability of High Speed Ultra Low Voltage Differential CMOS Logic

In this paper, we present a solution to the ultra low voltage inverter by adding a keeper transistor in order to make the semi-floating-gate more stable and to reduce the current dissipation. Moreover, we also present a differential ULV inverter and elaborate on the reliability and fault tolerance of the gate. The differential ULV gate compared to both a former ULV gate and standard CMOS are given. The results are obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations.

Movement Differential Equation of Seed Roller which Has Been Installed Stake Accelerator on the Roll Box of Gin Machine

In the article stake accelerator has proposed on the side of the roll box in order to increase the productivity of the gin machine. The effect to the raw material of the proposed stakes was studied. Movement differential equation of the seed roller was made up and necessary graphics were taken based on laws.

Influence of towing speed on effectiveness of rolling dynamic compaction

The influence of towing speed on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using earth pressure cells(EPCs)is investigated.Two field trials were undertaken;the first trial used three EPCs placed at varying depths between 0.5 m and 1.5 m with towing speeds of 9-12 km/h.The second used three EPCs placed at a uniform depth of 0.8 m,with towing speeds of 5-15 km/h.The findings from the two trials confirmed that towing speed influences the pressure imparted to the ground and hence compactive effort.This paper proposes that the energy imparted to the ground is best described in terms of work done,which is the sum of the change in both potential and kinetic energies.Current practice of using either kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy should be avoided as neither can accurately quantify rolling dynamic compaction(RDC)when towing speed is varied.

A New Differential Operator Method to Study the Mechanical Vibration

In this paper, we propose a unified differential operator method to study mechanical vibrations, solving inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. The main advantage of this new method is that the differential operator D in the numerator of the fraction has no effect on input functions (i.e., the derivative operation is removed) because we take the fraction as a whole part in the partial fraction expansion. The method in various variants is widely implemented in related fields in mechanics and engineering. We also point out that the same mistakes in the differential operator method are found in the related references [1-4].

锻造半高速钢冷轧工作辊的试制

整体锻造半高速钢(%:0.74C,0.87Si,4.92Cr,1.05Mo,0.41V)Φ540mm×1530mm冷轧工作辊的试制工艺为:电弧炉冶炼+电渣重熔,锻造成型,双频感应加热表面温度1090℃淬火,520℃高温回火而制成。采用逐层磨削法测得轧辊硬度分布曲线,轧辊表面硬度HSD92,HSD90以上的淬硬层深度为25mm,HSD87以上的淬硬层深度为35mm。轧辊组织为回火马氏体基体上分布有着细小弥散的碳化物。

高速钢复合轧辊辊套热处理新工艺研究

高碳高速钢是取代普通耐磨合金制造轧辊的新材质,淬火高速钢辊套硬度高,内孔加工性能差。采用控制辊套内层冷却技术,在热处理条件下,获得了内外层组织和性能呈梯度分布的高速钢复合辊套。利用神经网络对保温板的厚度和导热系数、保温涂料的厚度和导热系数与辊套内层硬度样本集的学习,采用改进的BP网络算法,建立了复合辊套热处理保护工艺人工神经网络模型,具有较高的精度和很好的泛化能力,且运算速度快,可方便用于指导实际生产。

基于ANSYS的快速铸轧过程温度场数值模拟

建立了快速铸轧过程这类具有质量输运现象的金属凝固传热有限元数学模型,考虑了影响辊套与带坯传热的界面接触热导问题,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对快速铸轧过程中的辊套与铸坯耦合温度场进行了仿真分析,并就不同工艺参数(铸轧区长度、接触界面换热系数、浇注温度、铸坏厚度以及铸轧速度等)对铸坯温度分布及其相变区间的影响进行了系列研究,为连续铸轧特别是快速铸轧工业实验参数设计提供了依据。

Influence of roll speed difference on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum plates produced via combined continuous casting and rolling process

The influences of the dissimilarity in the roll speeds on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum plates produced via combined continuous casting and rolling(CCCR) process were investigated. Several experiments were conducted with three different upper/lower roll rotational speed ratios(ω/ω0, ω is the upper roll rotational speed and ω0 is the lower roll rotational speed), namely 1:1, 1:1.2 and 1:1.4. It was found that the greatest dissimilarity in the roll speed(ω/ω0=1:1.4) improved the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 7075 Al plate in the rolling direction by 41.5% and 21.9%, respectively. Moreover, at a roll speed ratio of ω/ω0=1:1.4, the average grain size was decreased by 36% whereas the mean hardness of the transverse cross-section of the finally rolled plate was increased by about 9.2%. Texture studies also revealed that the more the difference in the roll speeds was, the greater the isotropy and the hardness of the final product were. Nevertheless, conducting CCCR operation with different roll speeds resulted in about 6% reduction in the elongation of the deformed plate.

基于改进JRD及误差修正的轴承剩余寿命预测方法

目前,风电机组齿轮箱性能发生初始退化时难以识别,现有退化指标易出现剧烈波动、单调性较差,且无法准确预测齿轮箱关键部件如轴承的剩余使用寿命(RUL),针对该问题,提出了一种基于改进杰森-瑞丽散度(JRD)及误差修正的双指数模型轴承RUL预测方法。首先,提取了振动信号样本的多域特征指标,利用高斯混合模型(GMM)与指数型权重JRD,得到了样本的后验概率分布向量,再经归一化处理得到置信值(CV);然后,对轴承从初始健康状态退化至当前检查时刻的CV值进行了相空间重构,提取了CV序列的动力学特征,并将其作为相关向量机(RVM)的训练集,获得了支撑整个退化轨迹的相关向量;最后,利用双指数模型拟合了相关向量,外推趋势至失效门限以计算RUL,并引入了差分整合移动平均自回归模型(ARIMA),对拟合相关向量产生的拟合误差进行了预测,以修正预测的结果。实验结果表明:改进后的退化指标单调性指标提高14.3%;且在不同工况、不同时刻下,经误差修正后的轴承的RUL预测结果较未修正之前有明显提高。研究结果表明:该预测方法可为风电机组齿轮箱重要部件的预测性维护提供参考。

The Sun’s Rotation Appears Differential plus Other New Views

This is a fresh perspective on the sun that considers its huge spherical size in relation to the finite speed of light. The sun is so extended that it takes light approximately 2.32 seconds to travel from the plane of the solar limb to the plane tangential to the sun at the solar disc’s center. The aforementioned information is utilized in this study to support the new viewpoints. Firstly, it is shown that the solar disc is a simultaneous view of successively emitted coaxial spherical circles. Secondly, despite the fact that the sun is gaseous, it is thought to revolve completely as a rigid body at a fixed angular speed, yet an observer on Earth sees it rotate differentially. In a simple mathematical approach, it is found that the sun’s rotational speed apparently decreases with latitude. Thirdly, a qualitative examination of how we observe simultaneous whole-surface brightness changes of the sun and sunlike stars indicates that such changes would appear to spread out radially from the center of the solar disc.

Effect of roll speed ratio on the texture and microstructural evolution of an FCC high-entropy alloy during differential speed rolling

A very coarse-grained(335μm)Fe_(41)Mn_(25)Ni_(24)Co_(8)Cr_(2)high-entropy alloy with a single FCC phase was cold rolling to a 80%reduction in thickness using the differential speed rolling technique with various speed ratios(SRs)ranging between 1 and 4.As the SR was increased,the volume fraction of the region of high-density micro-shear bands increased to accommodate the higher shear strain.At SR=4,the entire thickness of the sheet was covered with micro-shear bands,and ultrafine(sub)grains with a size of1.4μm were uniformly formed along the shear bands.A continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)mechanism occurred during rolling,and a higher SR accelerated the CDRX process.During conventional rolling(at SR=1),a brass{110}<112>orientation texture with minor components of S{123}<634>and Cu{112}<111>orientations developed.At higher SRs,shear texture developed as the main type,while the development of rolling texture was suppressed.The microstructure at SR=4 obtained after annealing at973 K showed a fully recrystallized microstructure composed of a five times smaller grain size(4μm)with a higher intensity ofγfiber texture compared with that prepared by conventional rolling.The samples processed with high SRs exhibited better tensile properties compared with the conventionally rolled sample in terms of strength and ductility after annealing.The current results demonstrate that by using differential speed rolling with a high SR,one can achieve a significantly finer and more homogeneous microstructure,stronger shear texture,and superior tensile mechanical properties for an FCC high-entropy alloy compared to that obtained by conventional rolling.The strength of the as-rolled and annealed samples was quantitatively explained by considering the contribution of grain size and dislocation density to strengthening.

基于自适应窗口与压缩幅值的瞬时转频估计

针对变转速工况下轴承信号的时频分布能量发散、噪声和谐波干扰强导致其转频难以获取的问题,提出一种基于自适应窗口和压缩幅值的瞬时转频估计方法。首先,通过自适应窗口在频率轴方向搜索出脊线窗口避免噪声和谐波的干扰;其次,在脊线窗口内用压缩幅值方法集中发散的脊线能量;然后,用惩罚函数法提取脊线,实现转频的精确估计;最后,根据采用轴承实验台收集的数据验证了所提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。结果表明,相比于传统方法,采用所提方法估计瞬时转动频率使误差降低约8%。

风电轴承大尺寸钢球光球加工技术

针对国内现有风电轴承大尺寸钢球光球机加工精度低,加工效率低的问题,对钢球在光球机动、静磨盘沟道内的运动规律、受力特点和磨削机理进行分析,光球时钢球受到的磨削力与动、静磨盘沟道深度比有关,并基于ADAMS仿真得到最佳动、静磨盘沟道深度比为7∶3,去两极和环带、成形、走圆工序最佳动磨盘转速分别为90,120,90 r/min。样机试验结果表明,改进后光球机的光球效率提高了30%,球形误差至少提高了0.2 mm,表面粗糙度Ra值至少减小了0.03 mm。

电机轴承振动特性试验

针对电动机支承轴承的振动问题,以某型变压器鼓风机中电动机非传动端支承轴承为研究对象,在分析转子临界转速的基础上,搭建电动机振动测试系统研究转速、升速率、保持架类型、预载荷和配置游隙等因素对轴承振动特性的影响,试验结果表明:电动机在小于临界转速的工况下运行时,轴承振动频率以电动机转频为主;随着电动机转速的升高,x,y,z方向的振动值均随转速提高而增大,转速对x方向振动的影响最大,对z方向振动的影响最小;电动机启动过程对轴承振动有明显影响,应尽量减小达到工作转速所需时间以避免电动机产生过大的振动;轴承游隙对其振动也存在一定影响,非传动端轴承宜采用CN游隙组;相对于钢制冲压保持架,电机轴承采用尼龙保持架时运转稳定性更好;过大或过小的预载荷均不利于轴承稳定运转。

综掘工作面风流调控下风速及瓦斯粉尘浓度融合预测模型研究

针对综掘工作面传统的通风总量控制管理模式不能根据实际需求进行风流调控,造成瓦斯及粉尘聚集和污染隐患等问题,对风流调控下的风速及瓦斯粉尘浓度多源数据融合神经网络预测模型进行了研究。采用欧拉-拉格朗日法建立了风流调控下的瓦斯及粉尘气固耦合模型并进行了测试验证,模拟分析瓦斯和粉尘颗粒在综掘巷道的分布情况,获取大量不同风流调控方案下的风速及瓦斯粉尘浓度样本数据。采用多层感知器神经网络技术建立预测模型结构,选取对瓦斯及粉尘浓度具有较大影响的风流调控等参数作为输入层,根据风速及瓦斯粉尘的隐患位置确定输出层,对样本数据进行预处理,通过引入差分进化算法搜索最佳隐藏层节点数和学习率,利用TensorFlow框架搭建多源数据融合神经网络预测模型。以陕北某矿综掘工作面为研究对象,对不同风流调控方案进行预测和井下实测验证。结果表明:该模型相对误差最大值为9.7%,具有较高的准确性;选取出风口距端头最短距离5 m和最远距离10 m这2种工况下的最佳调控方案,与调控前相比,风速符合规范要求,端头死角区瓦斯体积分数分别降低34%和35%,回风侧人行处平均粉尘质量浓度分别降低40%和41%,司机处粉尘质量浓度分别降低38%和36%,研究可为风流调控提供参考。

非稳态工况下外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性

为降低航空发动机主轴传动系统的振动,通常将弹性环、挤压油膜阻尼器与圆柱滚子轴承联合使用。基于滚动轴承动力学理论和流体力学控制方程,建立了外圈带有弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的圆柱滚子轴承动力学分析模型,采用GSTIFF预估-校正变步长积分法对动力学微分方程组进行求解,分析转速、冲击载荷以及弹性环结构参数(凸台宽度、凸台数量)对外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性的影响,结果表明:外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架稳定性高于普通圆柱滚子轴承;转速和冲击载荷对保持架动态特性影响较大,保持架打滑率随着转速的增大而增大,随着轴承所受冲击载荷的增大而减小;过大或过小的弹性环凸台数量与宽度都不利于圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性,需要选择合适的凸台数量和宽度。

基于自适应的改进人工蜂群算法

针对人工蜂群算法在处理复杂问题时易陷入局部最优的不足,提出一种自适应人工蜂群算法(APABC)。通过蜂群寻蜜的加速度系数随搜索过程而动态适应变化来提高算法的局部搜索性能,引入搜索蜜源能力较差的观察蜂向能够寻觅到更多蜜源的引领蜂学习交互策略,来进一步提高算法的全局搜索性能。将APABC算法与ABC算法进行性能对比测试,测试结果表明文中算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的寻优精度,计算结果优于传统的ABC算法。

轴承内圈沟道磨削热应力场有限元仿真分析

针对轴承套圈滚道磨削加工时过大的热应力会导致滚道表层产生热损伤的问题,联合ABAQUS及Hyper-Mesh建立B7008C角接触球轴承内圈沟道磨削热应力场有限元模型,开发DFLUX子程序减少模型分析步的数量,克服了网格数量庞大导致磨削热源无法沿沟道整周移动的问题,揭示了内圈沟道磨削热应力场的形成机制与演化规律,得到了内圈沟道表层产生残余拉应力的临界温度,并分析了工艺参数对内圈沟道残余拉应力分布的影响,结果表明:只有当磨削热应力超过材料的屈服强度时,内圈沟道表层才会产生残余拉应力,产生残余拉应力的临界温度约为420℃;随着热流密度的增大及工件转速的减小,内圈沟道表层的残余拉应力和分布深度增大。

M2高速工具钢热轧中板工艺探讨

从分析M2钢的热加工塑性入手,通过对M2钢最佳的轧制温度和变形量的理论分析,从钢板组织、性能的角度出发,阐述了选择并控制荒轧温度、精轧温度及终轧温度和精轧变形量对M2钢热轧板质量的影响,从而确定了该钢热轧板的轧制工艺。

Output Speed and Torque of Differential Double-Stator Swing Hydraulic Multimotors

A new type of differential double-stator swing hydraulic motor, based on double stator structure, was introduced. Compared with the traditional swing hydraulic motors, it could provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques under the same conditions of input flow rate and pressure. The operating prindple and graphic symbols were described. The output speed and torque characters in multifarious connection modes were analyzed through single-acting differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors. Then the differential connection modes and differential principles of differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors were stated. Furthermore, the output speed and torque characters of double- acting and triple-acting ones in multifarious connection modes were gotten. The interaction between output torque and the displacement ratio was studied. Finally, the internal leakage that influenced the volumetric efficiency was researched. The theoretical and experimental researches show that the differential double-stutor swing hydraulic multi-motors can provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques. Predictably, this new kind of swing hydraulic multi-motors has broad application prospects in machine tool equipments, engineering machineries, and simulation turntables.