气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究

汽车试验场作为汽车开展道路测试的重要场所,用于验证汽车产品的品质以及可靠性。除了场地道路外,气象条件作为汽车道路测试的重要一环,在《GB/T12534-1990汽车道路试验方法通则》中也有明确要求,如:试验时应是无雨无雾天气,相对湿度小于95%,气温0-40℃,风速不大于3m/s。同时气象条件也作为试验场道路管控的重要依据,实时风速、雨量、能见度等信息为场地管理者发布限速、限行、封场等通知提供必要参考依据,直接影响道路测试安全管控的及时性。因此,文章从气象观测场的建设、气象服务、异常天气道路管控等方面开展气象观测场在汽车试验场中的应用研究。

Stress Analysis of Buried Pipeline Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling Using ANSYS Finite Element Software

In designing a horizontal directional drilling (HDD) pipeline project, designers face the challenge of determining the regions of maximum and minimum stresses on pipelines, ensuring the stability of the bore-hole from collapse and minimizing the stresses induced on the pipeline due to the bore-profile. This study analyses the stress induced on an HDD pipeline system using the ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL finite element (FE) software. The pipeline used as the case study was a gas transmission pipeline installed in south-west Nigeria. A macro-file for ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL used to model the pipeline was developed. The results showed that the maximum and minimum stresses induced on the HDD pipeline were at the top and bottom of the pipe, respectively;while the stresses on the sides were uniform (≈888 kg/cm2) all through the pipeline, irrespective of element number. The maximum stress occurred at the curvature point with the highest entry angle (10°), resulting in a maximum deflection at this point. The model stress validation performed by comparing results with theoretical solutions, both with respect to radius of curvature and internal pressure, showed percentage difference (errors) less than 10%. The cross sectional area validation showed a percentage difference of 0.059%.

Rheological property of low-damage,ideal packing,film-forming amphoteric/sulfonation polymer drilling fluids

Low-permeability dense reservoirs,including micro-fractured reservoirs,are commonly characterized by high content of clay substances,high original water saturation,high sensitivity to invasive fluids,high capillary pressure,complicated structure and anisotropic,high flow-resistance and micro pore throats etc,.Generally they also have lots of natural micro fractures,probably leading to stress sensibility.Main damaging factors in such reservoirs are water-sensibility and water-blocking caused by invasive fluids during drilling and production operations.Once damaged,formation permeability can rarely recovered.Numerous studies have shown that damaging extent of water-blocking ranges from 70% to 90%.Main damaging mechanisms and influencing factors of water-blocking were systematically analyzed.Also some feasible precaution or treating approaches of water-blocking were put forward.In a laboratory setting,a new multi-functional drilling fluid composed mainly of amphion polymer,sulfonation polymer,high effectively preventive water-blocking surfactants,ideal packing temporary bridging agents(TBA) and film-forming agents,etc.,were developed.New low-damage drilling fluids has many advantages,such as good rheological properties,excellent effectiveness of water-blocking prevention,good temporary plugging effect,low filtration and ultra-low permeability(API filtration≤5 mL,HTHP filtration≤10 mL,mud cake frictional coefficient≤0.14,permeability recovery>81%),can efficiently prevent or minimize damage,preserve natural formation and enhance comprehensive development-investment effect in TUHA Jurassic dense sandstone reservoir formation with low-permeability,the only one developing integrated condense gas field.Some references can be provided to similar reservoir formations.

Application and development of numerical simulation for under- ground horizontal directional drilling

In coalmines of China, horizontal directional drilling （HDD） is an increasingly popular method for underground in-seam gas drainage. Numerical simulation, especially finite element analysis, is often used as an effective method to improve HDD operation. These improvements focus on rock-breaking efficiency, directional precision, stability of the borehole wall, and reliability of the drill equipment. On the basis of underground drilling characteristics, typical numerical simulation exam- ples in drilling techniques and equipment are summarized and analyzed. In the end, the future development trends of numerical simulation in underground in-seam drilling are proposed.

More Compactification for Differential Systems

This article is a review and promotion of the study of solutions of differential equations in the “neighborhood of infinity” via a non traditional compactification. We define and compute critical points at infinity of polynomial autonomuos differential systems and develop an explicit formula for the leading asymptotic term of diverging solutions to critical points at infinity. Applications to problems of completeness and incompleteness (the existence and nonexistence respectively of global solutions) of dynamical systems are provided. In particular a quadratic competing species model and the Lorentz equations are being used as arenas where our technique is applied. The study is also relevant to the Painlevé property and to questions of integrability of dynamical systems.

Gene editing for corneal disease management

Gene editing has recently emerged as a promising technology to engineer genetic modifications precisely in the genome to achieve long-term relief from corneal disorders.Recent advances in the molecular biology leading to the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated systems,zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator like effector nucleases have ushered in a new era for high throughput in vitro and in vivo genome engineering.Genome editing can be successfully used to decipher complex molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology,develop innovative next generation gene therapy,stem cell-based regenerative therapy,and personalized medicine for corneal and other ocular diseases.In this review we describe latest developments in the field of genome editing,current challenges,and future prospects for the development of personalized genebased medicine for corneal diseases.The gene editing approach is expected to revolutionize current diagnostic and treatment practices for curing blindness.

湿地生态型稻茬麦免耕机条播栽培技术研究

免耕机条播是沿湖涝洼湿地生态区稻茬麦的主要播种方式之一,为探讨其科学栽培技术,分别对免耕机条播稻茬麦的冬前苗,叶面积系数、后期根系活力、播期、播量和多效唑化控进行了研究。结果表明,与稻田套播相比,机条播小麦的基本苗降低了150万/hm2,冬前主茎叶片增加了0.8个,单株茎蘖增加0.9个,单株次生根增加1.4条,茎粗增加1.1mm,地上部鲜重增加0.17g,叶面积系数动态为:冬前0.8,起身1.6,拔节期4.0,挑旗期6.2,灌浆期4.0,后期根系活力分别增加1.21、1.02、0.47,使用多效唑第1、2、3节间分别减少2.3cm、0.8cm、1.3cm,退化小穗数减少0.1个,千粒重增加0.2g。

Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells

SAGD horizontal wells are used to enhance oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs.This technology requires precise separation between the production well and the injection well to ensure the efficient drainage of the reservoir.By studying the attitude of the downhole probe tube and the production well trajectory,an algorithm is proposed for eliminating ferromagnetic interference while drilling injection wells.A high accuracy filter circuit has been designed to correct the detected magnetic signals,which are ultra-weak,frequency-instable,and narrow-band.The directional drilling magnetic guidance system（DD-MGS） has been developed by integrating these advanced techniques.It contains a sub-system for the ranging calculation software,a magnetic source,a downhole probe tube and a sub-system for collecting ＆ processing the detected signals.The DD-MGS has succeeded in oilfield applications.It can guide the directional drilling trajectory not only in the horizontal section but also in the build section of horizontal injection wells.This new technology has broad potential applications.

一维链状2-氧-1(4H)-吡啶乙酸桥联钙配位聚合物[Ca(2-OPA)_2(H_2O)_2]_n的合成、晶体结构及热稳定性研究

A novel coordination polymer of [Ca(2-OPA)2(H2O)2]n (2-OPA-=2-oxo-1(4H)-pyridineacetate anion) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in orthorhombic with space group Pna21, a=0.799 96(16) nm, b=0.823 77(16) nm, c=2.415 3(5) nm, V=1.591 6(6) nm3, Z=4, R=0.030 3, wR=0.070 0. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms of four 2-OPA- ligands and two water molecules, and displays a dodecahedron coordination geometry. Each 2-OPA- ligand bridges two adjacent Ca atoms, forming a infinite chain along the a direction. The Ca...Ca distance is 0.4102 2(8)nm. A two-dimensional supramolecular framework is further constructed by the hydrogen bonds and the weak π-π interactions. The results of TG analysis show the chain structure of the title complex was stable under 297.5 ℃. CCDC: 251669.

MoM Analysis and Design of a Compact Coaxial-to-Microstrip Directional Coupler

In order to overcome the main drawbacks of coaxial, waveguide, and stripline couplers, the analysis and the design of a compact coaxial-to-microstrip directional coupler convenient for power and antenna control application, are presented using the method of moments (MoM) in two dimensions. This technique is adapted to study the complex configuration of the line’s system, which does not have a simple analytical solution. The modeling of this structure consists in analyzing the primary inductive and capacitive matrices ([L] and [C]). When these matrices are determined, it is possible to calculate the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients (kL and kC) and estimate the resulting scattering parameters of the coupler using an adapted numerical model. The coupler can be integrated into a printed circuit board (PCB) and operates over 17 to 35 dB coupling coefficients and is always compensated. The compensation is achieved by the proper displacement of a tuning ground plane with respect to the edge of the PCB from 0.1 to 3.3 mm. As an application, we present the design of a compact coupler with 7.5 × 4.8 × 25.8 mm of size and having approximately 20 dB of coupling coefficient at 2 GHz and a minimum directivity of 23.3 dB in the frequency range [0.1 - 4] GHz. In order to check our numerical calculations by the MoM we made simulations in 3D by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO software for the same geometrical and physical parameters of our designed coupler. The results obtained by the two numerical models (MoM and CST) show a good agreement of the frequency responses of the coaxial-to-microstrip directional coupler. The studied structure represents a great improvement for high power measurement systems, since it has broad-band, good directivity, and can be easily designed and fabricated.

二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌配合物的量子化学研究

The geometric configurations of binuclear Zinc( complex Zn2[(n-Bu)2NCSS]4 and the ligand Na[(n-Bu)2 NCSS] have been optimized by B3LYP quantum chemical method. The electronic structures have been performed by density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G* level. The electronic spectrums of the complex and ligand were calculated by ZINDO/S-CIS method. It is indicated from the calculation that: (1) The coordination effect of bridging ligand is bigger than that of chelating one, and the bridging ligands also translate more charge to Zn than the chelating one. (2) The calculated results about electronic spectrums are similarly to experimental measurement, and farther explain that absorption band at λ=267 nm of complex is assigned to two n → π* transitions :one arising from the bridging ligands and the another mainly arising from the chelating ligands;but absorption band at λ=236 nm of complex is assigned to π → π* transition which the electron mainly translates from the bridging ligands to the chelating ligands. (3) By consideration of delocalization and polar effects in coordination, the charge transfer from ligand to metal decreases the π-π and p-π conjugation effects in the chromophore group NCS2 and to increase the energy needed for the π → π* and n → π* transitions, and results in the absorption bands shifting towards the short wavelength direction.

Formation permeability evaluation and productivity prediction based on mobility from pressure measurement while drilling

Based on the measurement mechanism of mobility in pressure measurement while drilling, through analyzing a large number of mobility data, it is found that under the condition of water-based mud drilling, the product of mobility from pressure measurement while drilling and the viscosity of mud filtrate is infinitely close to the water phase permeability under the residual oil in relative permeability experiment. Based on this, a method converting the mobility from pressure measurement while drilling to core permeability is proposed, and the permeability based on Timur formula has been established. Application of this method in Penglai 19-9 oilfield of Bohai Sea shows:(1) Compared with the permeability calculated by the model of adjacent oilfields, the permeability calculated by this model is more consistent with the permeability calculated by core analysis.(2) Based on the new model, the correlation between the calculated mobility of well logging and the actual drilling specific productivity index bas been established. Compared with the relationship established by using the permeability model of an adjacent oilfield, the correlation of the new model is better.(3) Productivity of four directional wells was predicted, and the prediction results are in good agreement with the actual production after drilling.

Automatic de-noising and recognition algorithm for drilling fluid pulse signal

Wavelet forced de-noising algorithm is suitable for denoising of unsteady drilling fluid pulse signal, including baseline drift rectification and two-stage de-noising processing of frame synchronization signal and instruction signal. Two-stage de-noising processing can reduce the impact of baseline drift and determine automatic peak detection threshold range for signal recognition by distinguishing different features of frame synchronization pulse and instruction pulse. Rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold is defined for peak detection in signal recognition, which can make full use of the degree of the signal peak change and detect peaks flexibly with rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold combination. A synchronous decoding method was designed to reduce position uncertainty of the frame synchronization pulse and eliminate the accumulative error of time base drift, which determines the first instruction pulse position according to position of the frame synchronization pulse and decodes subsequent instruction pulse by taking current instruction pulse as new bit synchronization pulse. Special tool software was developed to tune algorithm parameters, which has a decoding success rate of about 95% for the universal coded signals. For the special coded signals with check byte, decoding success rate using the automatic threshold adjustment algorithm is as high as 99%.

甲基纤维素膜固载血红蛋白的直接电化学

用甲基纤维素(MC)将血红蛋白(Hb)固载于热裂解石墨电极表面,制备了HbMC膜修饰电极.包埋在MC中的Hb与电极直接传递电子,在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中得到1对可逆的血红蛋白辅基血红素Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对氧化还原峰,式电势为-0.312V(vsSCE).其式电势随溶液pH值增加而负移且成线性关系,直线斜率为-41.0mV/pH,说明Hb的电子传递过程伴随有质子的转移.研究了HbMC膜修饰电极对O2,H2O2和NO的电催化性质.

Research on no Dig Directional Drilling Pipeline Laying Technique —The reseach on directional drilling tool

The directional crossing drilling works were applied in the West East gas pipeline (WEGTP) project. The main researchs on the directional crossing drilling include:(1)to analyze the forces applied on the drilling tool and the failure mechanism in order to obtain the proper configuration of the drilling tool and solve the failure prevention;(2)to analyze the existing mud, to propose a viable mud composition;(3)in respect of mud mixing and environmental protection, to develop a quick cycloning mud hydration and recycling device;(4)to develop a interface picture software for direction controlling measured parameter to improve directional drilling accuracy; (5) to develop an electronic search software incorporating large amount of construction specifications and mud compositions, used for construction. In this paper the first one of the above mentioned points is introduced, including existing problems with directional drilling, optimization of the drilling tool, analysis of drill collar fracture failure, research on stress scattering structure of drilling tool thread and thread sticking prevention measures, etc.

Key technologies and practice for gas field storage facility construction of complex geological conditions in China

In view of complex geological characteristics and alternating loading conditions associated with cyclic large amount of gas injection and withdrawal in underground gas storage(UGS) of China, a series of key gas storage construction technologies were established, mainly including UGS site selection and evaluation, key index design, well drilling and completion, surface engineering and operational risk warning and assessment, etc. The effect of field application was discussed and summarized. Firstly, trap dynamic sealing capacity evaluation technology for conversion of UGS from the fault depleted or partially depleted gas reservoirs. A key index design method mainly based on the effective gas storage capacity design for water flooded heterogeneous gas reservoirs was proposed. To effectively guide the engineering construction of UGS, the safe well drilling, high quality cementing and high pressure and large flow surface injection and production engineering optimization suitable for long-term alternate loading condition and ultra-deep and ultra-low temperature formation were developed. The core surface equipment like high pressure gas injection compressor can be manufactured by our own. Last, the full-system operational risk warning and assessment technology for UGS was set up. The above 5 key technologies have been utilized in site selection, development scheme design, engineering construction and annual operations of 6 UGS groups, e.g. the Hutubi UGS in Xinjiang. To date, designed main indexes are highly consistent with actural performance, the 6 UGS groups have the load capacity of over 7.5 billion cubic meters of working gas volume and all the storage facilities have been running efficiently and safely.

中石油深井钻井技术现状与面临的挑战

深井、超深井钻井技术是一个国家钻井技术发展水平的标志。美国和欧洲的深井钻井技术水平一直处于世界领先水平。中石油近年来在深井机械钻速、钻井周期、单井钻头用量等方面都取得了很大进步,同时在深井钻井装备上也有了很大发展。但是同世界先进水平相比,中石油在复杂深井钻井水平方面还有很大差距。近年来中石油在塔里木却勒和迪那、玉门窟窿山、四川川东、新疆霍尔果斯等复杂深井钻井过程中遭遇了世界性的难题。突出表现在山前高陡构造和逆掩推覆体防斜打快问题、塔里木却勒地层卡层不准引起的缩径卡钻和迪那窄密度窗口压差卡钻问题、四川恶性井漏的防治问题、新疆南缘地区的地应力复杂、地层破碎、异常高压等。针对这些问题提出了相应的解决方法,给同类地层的钻探指明了方向。

家H2分支水平井钻井液技术

家H2井是大港油田第一口分支水平井,位于沈家铺油田官107×1断块,目的层为孔二油组上砂体。该井为三开井,由一个主井眼和两个分支井眼构成,完钻垂深为2211.65m,斜深为2658m,井底水平位移为521m,最大井斜为92.87°;一分支水平段段长为119.12m,最大井斜为92.19°;二分支水平段段长为25m,最大井斜为92°。该井二开井段使用聚合物钻井液,三开井段使用无固相KCl聚合物钻井液,采用无固相超低渗透技术保护油层,满足了筛管完井对油层保护技术的要求。在施工过程中无固相KCl聚合物钻井液性能稳定,携砂冼井能力强,滤失量小,能有效地稳定井壁,保护油气层,大大提高了原油产量。

改性天然高分子水基钻井液的研究与应用

简介了4种对环境无害的固态的水基钻井液处理剂的合成及性能:改性天然高分子类包被剂IND30和降滤失剂NAT20,无萤光白沥青NFA25(部分溶于水、部分溶于油的改性油类物质)及粉状聚合醇PGCS1(EO/PO共聚物)。报道了用膨润土和这4种处理剂配制的各种实验钻井液的组成和性能:基本配方钻井液(钻井液1)、强抑制性钻井液(钻井液2,另加入一种小阳离子页岩抑制剂)、抗盐钙污染钻井液(加入35%NaCl和1%CaSO4),抗膨润土污染钻井液(加入4%钙膨润土)。这4种钻井液在原配制状态和在120℃、140℃滚动16小时后,各流变参数均在合理范围,API滤失量≤5 2mL,HTHP滤失量≤20mL。某油藏储层钻屑在钻井液1、2中于140℃滚动16小时后,回收率分别为91 2%和96 7%;该储层岩心被原配制和在140℃滚动16小时后的钻井液1、2污染后,渗透率恢复率为88 2%～91 6%。4种处理剂溶液,钻井液1、2及两口井使用的钻井液均无毒,EC50>3×104mg/L。该体系多功能水基钻井液已在塔里木、克拉玛依等油田10余口井钻井中获得成功应用,最长裸眼长度达5324 45m,井眼扩大率仅5%～10%。详细介绍了在LG区块使用的钻井液分井段组成、维护及性能。表4参3。

川西侏罗系低渗气藏压裂增产措施中地层损害研究

水力加砂压裂既是气藏增产改造的主要措施,同样也会对地层造成损害,这种损害较钻井、完井过程的损害更易被忽视,特别是低渗致密气藏在压裂增产中地层损害现象及其影响尤为严重。岩心流动实验证明,川西侏罗系气藏储层属于低渗致密敏感性砂岩储层,除碱敏相对较弱外,其水敏、速敏和应力敏感属强-极强敏感损害,是压裂增产措施中潜在的损害因素。目前现场使用的压裂液对川西地区储层和支撑充填层均存在损害,损害原因除地层潜在的敏感损害因素外,还与压裂液残渣形成的滤饼,未完全破胶的有机胶团以及滤液滞留地层引起的“水锁”损害等有关。“水锁”是造成川西侏罗系低渗气层损害的主要原因之一。使用压裂液助排剂技术和压裂液损害解堵技术,能有效降低和解除由此而引发的地层损害。