Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China

The Hot Dry Rock(HDR)is considered as a clean and renewable energy,poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization agenda.Many HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion,reservoir construction,and fracture simulation.In 2019,China Geological Survey(CGS)initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin,aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR projects.Over the ensuing four years,the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021,followed by the second power generation test in 2022.After establishing the primary well group in the initial phase,two directional wells and one branch well were drilled.Noteworthy progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir,realizing inter-well connectivity,power generation and grid connection,implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring.A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was completed.However,many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization,such as reservoir fracture network characterization,efficient drilling and completion,multiple fracturing treatment,continuous injection and production,as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.

Development and Evaluation of an All Weather-Type Solar Drying House to Make for Wood Pellet Material

To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.

耐高温起泡剂膦甲基酚醛树脂PMP的合成及性能

由苯酚、甲醛、PCl3合成了水溶性固体膦甲基酚醛树脂(PMP),其HLB值为20 7。简介了合成方法,考察了PMP作为起泡剂的配方性能。PMP溶液室温发泡体积Vf随浓度增大(5～20g/L)而略有增大,泡沫半衰期t1/2在浓度12 5g/L时最长,为20 2min,此时Vf=520mL(/100mL溶液)。在该浓度PMP溶液中分别加入CMC、硅酸钠、三乙醇胺、膨润土使Vf值略降,t1/2值在适宜加量范围大幅延长,加量分别为1 0、2 0、12 5、40g/L时有最大值370 0、85 2、180 2、174 2min;这4个复配PMP/添加剂溶液在温度升高时(30～90℃)Vf值增大但t1/2值大幅缩短。12 5g/LPMP溶液在150～200℃滚动16h后室温下Vf值不变,t1/2值随滚动温度升高而降低,200℃时为11 3min;12 5/2 0/10/40g/LPMP/硅酸钠/三乙醇胺/膨润土溶液在200℃滚动16h后,室温下Vf值为470mL,t1/2值高达50h。PMP为耐高温性能良好的起泡剂,可与硅酸钠、三乙醇胺、膨润土复配使用。图2表4参10。

Land Suitability Evaluation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium in Dry and Hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province

According to the recent practice in Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County(Luquan County hereinafter)in dry and hot valley of Jinsha River,the development of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc planting industry can help farmers gradually get rid of poverty and achieve a virtuous cycle of ecological environment.It is a sustainable poverty alleviation way.Based on the three aspects of soil properties,climatic conditions,and topographical conditions influencing the growth of Z.schinifolium,this paper selected eight evaluation factors to establish a suitability evaluation system for Z.schinifolium,used the analytic hierarchy process to determine the indicator,and determined the weight of the evaluation indicators.Besides,it calculated the comprehensive suitability index of land suitability of Z.schinifolium and evaluated the suitability of Z.schinifolium land in Jiaopingdu Town of Luquan County.The results showed that the suitable area for the cultivation of Z.schinifolium in Jiaopingdu Town reached 7270.78 ha,accounting for 88.69%of the study area;the area of unsuitable land was 922.07 ha,accounting for 11.31%of the study area.Among the suitable land areas,the high suitability area reached562.99 ha,accounting for 7.79%;the moderate suitability area was 2206.76 ha,accounting for 28.61%;the low suitability area was4599.03 ha,accounting for 63.6%.Based on the results of suitability evaluation,it came up with pertinent recommendations for the development of Z.schinifolium industry in Jiaopingdu Town.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

叶面喷施稀土对千年桐幼苗生长和生理的影响

The seedlings of Vernicia montana derived from seeds soaking with water (the first group)or 300 mg5L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution (the second group) were treated with various concentrations of mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution by foliage spraying. The results showed that the seedling heights sprayed with 100 和 1 000 mg·L -1 of the first group and with 50 和 100 mg·L -1 of the second group were significantly higher than the controls, and the diameter at ground level sprayed with 300 mg·L -1 of the second group was significantly greater than the control, being 26.92% more than the latter; except for spraying with 0 mg5L -1 and 700～1 500 mg5L -1 of the second group, the seedling dry weight above ground of others was 29.13%～73.91% greater than the control, whereas the seedling dry weight under ground of others was 20.78%～116.88% greater than the control; the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b for all spraying seedling were 91.67%～191.67% and 87.5%～306.25% greater than the control, respectively, and soluble proteins and soluble sugars were 16.00%～179.78% and 10.73%～105.65% greater than the control, respectively. Compared with the control, the activity of SOD tended to increase, whereas the contents of MDA decreased. These indicated that spraying leaves with optimum concentration of mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution could markedly promote the growth of seedlings and improve resistance ability of V. montana seedlings to bad environment. On the whole, the effects of spraying the leaves of seedling with 50～500 mg5L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution, which were derived from seeds soaking with 300 mg·L -1 mixed nitric_acid rare earth solution, were good.

Structures and Properties of Iron Matrix Composites with Tungsten Carbide Particle by EPC-V Process

In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The abrasive wear resistance of the composites layers were tested and compared with that of high chromium cast iron.The results show that the iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle have high hardness.The abrasive wear resistance of composites with tungsten carbide particle is higher than that of high chromium cast iron.The properties of the matrix materials have been improved remarkably.

Dry environment on the expression of lacrimal gland S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu in rats via proteomics

●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.

Determination of Natural Logarithm of Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy of Thin Layer Drying Process of Ginger Rhizome Slices

This study is an extension of the previous work done with ARS-680 Environmental Chamber. Drying is a complex operation that demands much energy and time. Drying is essentially important for preservation of ginger rhizome. Drying of ginger was modeled, and then the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy were determined. For this purpose, the experiments were done at six levels of varied temperatures: 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. The values of effective diffusion coefficients obtained in this work for the variously treated ginger rhizomes closely agreed with the average effective diffusion coefficients of other notable authors who determined the drying kinetics and convective heat transfer coefficients of ginger slices.

Dual‑Atom Nanozyme Eye Drops Attenuate Inflammation and Break the Vicious Cycle in Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease(DED)is a major ocular pathology worldwide,causing serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment.The incidence of DED is gradually increasing with the highfrequency use of electronic products.Although inflammation is core cause of the DED vicious cycle,reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a pivotal role in the vicious cycle by regulating inflammation from upstream.Therefore,current therapies merely targeting inflammation show the failure of DED treatment.Here,a novel dual-atom nanozymes(DAN)-based eye drops are developed.The antioxidative DAN is successfully prepared by embedding Fe and Mn bimetallic single-atoms in N-doped carbon material and modifying it with a hydrophilic polymer.The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the DAN is endowed with superior biological activity in scavenging excessive ROS,inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation,decreasing proinflammatory cytokines expression,and suppressing cell apoptosis.Consequently,the DAN effectively alleviate ocular inflammation,promote corneal epithelial repair,recover goblet cell density and tear secretion,thus breaking the DED vicious cycle.Our findings open an avenue to make the DAN as an intervention form to DED and ROSmediated inflammatory diseases.

Effect of drying cracks on swelling and self-healing of bentonite-sand blocks used as engineered barriers for radioactive waste disposal

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the healing of drying cracks in air-dried bentonite-sand blocks after hydration and swelling in groundwater,providing justifications to simplify the protection of blocks prior to installation in a high-level radioactive waste repository.Synthetic groundwater was prepared to represent the geochemistry of Beishan groundwater,and was used to hydrate the blocks during the swelling pressure and swelling strain measurements,as Beishan is the most promising site for China's repository.Healing of the surface cracks was recorded by photography,and healing of the internal cracks was visualized by CT images and hydraulic conductivity of air-dried blocks.The results indicate that the maximum swelling pressure and swelling strain are primarily affected by the geochemistry of Beishan groundwater,but not affected by the drying cracks.The maximum swelling pressure and swelling strain of air-dried blocks are comparable to or even higher than the pressure and strain of fresh blocks.The maximum swelling pressure measured in strong(i.e.high ion strength)Beishan groundwater was 44%of the pressure measured in deionized(DI)water,and the maximum swelling strain was reduced to 23%of the strain measured in DI water.Nevertheless,the remained swelling of the blocks hydrated in strong Beishan groundwater was sufficient to heal the surface and internal drying cracks,as demonstrated by the pictures of surface cracks and CT images.The hydraulic conductivity of the air-dried block permeated with strong groundwater was comparable(3.7×higher)to the hydraulic conductivity of the fresh block,indicating the self-healing of drying cracks after hydration and swelling in groundwater.A simplified method of protecting the block with plastic wraps before installation is recommended,since the remained swelling of the block hydrated in Beishan groundwater is sufficient to heal the drying cracks.

The Impact of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Iron, and Zinc Foliar Application on Dry Land Yellow Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grain and Oil Production

The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.

“中国与亚太地区3G产业发展”座谈会特别报道

截至2005年3月底,全球共有187个商用3G网络,3G用户已经达到1.674亿以上,3G技术和产品不断成熟,全球3G商用进程明显加快。其中,亚太地区的3G发展令人瞩目,不仅成为拥有3G用户数最多的地区,而且使3G得到实质性的发展。为了吸收亚太地区其他国家部署3G的成功经验、进一步推动中国3G的发展,近日,由信息产业部电信研究院通信信息研究所主办、《现代电信科技》承办、诺基亚公司支持的“中国与亚太地区3G产业发展”座谈会成功召开。会上,信息产业部电信研究院副院长曹淑敏、诺基亚公司副总裁林启中、沃达丰公司北京代表处首席代表夏浩、著名经济学家张昕竹以及来自信息产业部电信研究院的多位专家就“亚太地区3G运营经验”、“中国3G业务运营与应用的关键问题”、“3G业务的消费者福利与反垄断”等主题展开激烈讨论,对我国3G的部署和发展具有十分重要的现实意义。

拟康氏木霉液态发酵条件的研究

采用单因素和正交试验对筛选出的一株有潜力的生物防治菌——拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii的液态发酵条件进行优化,并进行100L发酵罐中试放大试验的研究。优化后的拟康氏木霉发酵控制参数为:培养基配方为麸皮40g/L,马铃薯50g/L,蔗糖20g/L,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L,CaCl2 0.25g/L;摇瓶发酵培养时间为6d,培养基的初始pH值为6.0- 7.0,发酵温度为28±1℃。通过对拟康氏木霉生长曲线的测定,确定其在发酵罐中培养的时间60h为宜,此时所获得的菌丝体干重为1.2694g/100ml发酵液。本研究结果为高效率、低成本、工业化生产具有生防作用的拟康氏木霉菌丝制剂提供了科学依据。

半叶马尾藻多糖对辐射损伤小鼠巨噬细胞功能和胸腺细胞周期进程的影响

通过研究小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程、巨噬细胞吞饮和分泌功能的变化,探讨半叶马尾藻多糖(SHP)对辐射损伤小鼠胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞的影响。利用常规方法和流式细胞术分别检测小鼠巨噬细胞的功能和胸腺细胞周期进程。结果发现给予小鼠5Gy60Coγ射线单次全身照射(剂量率为0.673Gy/min),小鼠巨噬细胞吞饮功能显著低于正常对照组。但是,在照射前给予SHP(10mg/kg～40mg/kg)组的小鼠巨噬细胞吞饮功能明显高于单纯照射组,小鼠巨噬细胞IL1分泌功能SHP(20mg/kg～40mg/kg)加照射组也显著高于单纯照射组。5Gy照射引起小鼠胸腺G0/G1期细胞百分率增高,S期和G2/M期细胞百分率减少,SHP(20mg/kg～40mg/kg)可以有效抑制辐射损伤小鼠胸腺G0/G1期阻滞和G2/M期细胞百分率下降,SHP(10mg/kg～40mg/kg)也能够预防辐射损伤小鼠S期胸腺细胞百分率的下降。说明SHP对辐射损伤小鼠胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞有保护作用。

Impact of Mid-and Upper-Level Dry Air on Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Intensification:A Modeling Study of Durian(2001)

The impact of mid-and upper-level dry air,represented by low relative humidity(RH)values,on the genesis of tropical cyclone(TC)Durian(2001)in the South China Sea was investigated by a series of numerical experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.The mid-level RH was lowered in different regions relative to TC Durian(2001)’s genesis location.Results suggest that the location of dry air was important to Durian(2001)’s genesis and intensification.The rapid development of the TC was accompanied by sustained near-saturated mid-and upper-level air,whereas low humidity decelerated its development.Water vapor budget analysis showed that moisture at mid and upper levels was mainly supplied by the vertical convergence of moisture flux and the divergence terms,and consumed by the condensation process.The horizontal convergence of moisture flux term supplied moisture in the air moistening process but consumed moisture in the air drying process.With a dryer mid-and upper-level environment,convective and stratiform precipitation were both inhibited.The upward mass fluxes and the diabatic heating rates associated with these two precipitation types were also suppressed.Generally,convection played the dominant role,since the impact of the stratiform process on vertical mass transportation and diabatic heating was much weaker.The vorticity budget showed that the negative vorticity convergence term,which was closely related to the inhibited convection,caused the vorticity to decrease above the lower troposphere in a dryer environment.The negative vorticity tendency is suggested to slow down the vertical coherence and the development rate of TCs.

Effect of different drying methods on the amino acids,α-dicarbonyls and volatile compounds of rape bee pollen

The significant demand for high quality food has motivated us to adopt appropriate processing methods to improve the food nutritional quality and flavors.In this study,the effects of five drying methods,namely,pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),freeze drying(FD),infrared drying(IRD),hot-air drying(HAD)and sun drying(SD)on free amino acids(FAAs),α-dicarbonyl compounds(α-DCs)and volatile compounds(VOCs)in rape bee pollen(RBP)were determined.The results showed that FD significantly released the essential amino acids(EAAs)compared with fresh samples while SD caused the highest loss.Glucosone was the dominantα-DCs in RBP and the highest loss was observed after PVD.Aldehydes were the dominant volatiles of RBP and SD samples contained more new volatile substances(especially aldehydes)than the other four drying methods.Comprehensively,FD and PVD would be potential methods to effectively reduce the quality deterioration of RBP in the drying process.

Optimisation of Thermal Comfort of Building in a Hot and Dry Tropical Climate: A Comparative Approach between Compressed Earth/Concrete Block Envelopes

Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid environments are not mastered. This article evaluates the influence of architectural and constructive modes of buildings made of CEB walls and concrete block walls, to optimize and compare their thermal comfort in the hot and dry tropical climate of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Two identical pilot buildings whose envelopes are made of CEB and concrete blocks were monitored for this study. The thermal models of the pilot buildings were implemented in the SketchUp software using an extension of EnergyPlus. The models were empirically validated after calibration against measured thermal data from the buildings. The models were used to do a parametric analysis for optimization of the thermal performances by simulating plaster coatings on the exterior of walls, airtight openings and natural ventilation depending on external weather conditions. The results show that the CEB building displays 7016 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 80.1% of the time, and the concrete building displays 6948 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 79.3% of the time. The optimization by modifications reduced the discomfort to 2918 and 3125 hours respectively;i.e. equivalent to only 33.3% for the CEB building and 35.7% for the concrete building. More study should evaluate thermal optimizations in buildings in real time of usage such as residential buildings commonly used by the local middle class. The use of CEB as a construction material and passive means of improving thermal comfort is a suitable ecological and economical option to replace cementitious material.

150kaBP以来巴丹吉林沙漠东南区域地层序列的新研究

巴丹吉林沙漠东南部边缘查格勒布鲁剖面中更新统/上更新统下部、上更新统下部/上更新统上部和上更新统上部/全新统的地质界线依次发生在59AGS/60L、39FD/40G和9L/10FD之沉积界面上。其时限依次大致为150kaBP、75kaBP和10kaBP,该剖面记录了150kaBP以来25个旋回的沙漠与湖相等沉积交替变更的历史过程。通过该剖面粒度和SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、FeO在地层中的分布特征、软体动物化石指示的古生态等综合研究表明,所述这些沉积旋回是自那时以来,在北半球冰期间冰期气候波动影响下,冬夏古季风往复更迭所导致的非季风沙区沙漠期与间沙漠期多次正逆交替演变的结果。

中兴通讯关于WCDMA精品区域覆盖和扩容解决方案

WCDMA系统的覆盖和扩容方案已在运营商和许多厂商中进行了广泛地讨论,进行了许多试验,同时也得到了许多经验,例如对于上下行链路参数的考虑、话音覆盖和数据覆盖的协调、站址的选择、2G到3G的平滑过渡等。由于每个站址都要配备机房,而租用机房占地一直是运营商或大楼覆盖承担方所头疼的问题,由于非通讯专业人士出于健康的考虑而阻挠机房建设的现象经常发生,以至于使建网周期延长或重新选址而延误建网进度。中兴通讯股份有限公司温钢、张建国所撰《中兴通讯关于WCDMA精品区域覆盖和扩容解决方案》一文在定义了精品区概念的同时,分析了传统的组网方式,进而提出了“运维工厂”的建网理念,即采用基带池配合射频拉远设备组网的方式,同时对大/中等规模基带池配合射频拉远解决方案、小规模基带池配合射频拉远解决方案,以及宏基站配合射频拉远解决方案进行了基本阐述。本文所提出的“运维工厂”的建网理念即可以看成是一种新的建网概念,同时也可以结合传统的建网方案而成为一种补充。对于此方案进一步试验和完善对下一步WCDMA网络建设会起到积极作用。